Effects of separation, dilution, washing and acidification on ammonia volatilization from surface-applied cattle slurry

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
J. P. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Whole Slurry

SUMMARYTreatments which lowered the rate of ammonia volatilization from surface-applied cattle slurry were evaluated in three field experiments during 1989/90 at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland. The relative effects of separation, dilution with water before application and washing with a water spray after application, on ammonia volatilization rates were compared over 4 days using ventilated enclosures. As the loss rate of ammonia during the first 4 days after application was highly correlated with the loss rate over the first 4 hours after application, the loss rate in the first 4 hours was used as a rapid method to assess the efficacy of various combinations of separation, dilution and acidification. Ammonia volatilization loss rates from treatment combinations were compared to the loss rate from whole slurry.A 50% decrease in ammonia volatilization was achieved by separation through a 0·4 mm mesh, separation through a 10·0 mm mesh plus dilution with 86% by volume of water, or separation through a 2·0 mm mesh plus washing with 53% by volume of water.A 75% decrease in ammonia volatilization was achieved by acidification to pH 6·5, or combinations of separation and dilution, namely separation through a 0·4 mm mesh plus 50% dilution or separation through a 5·0 mm mesh plus 100% dilution.A 90% decrease in ammonia volatilization was achieved by acidification to pH 6·0, dilution by 50% plus acidification to pH 6·5, or separation through a 0·4 mm mesh plus acidification to pH 6·5.The effects of separation and acidification on ammonia volatilization were cumulative. There was a highly significant inverse linear relationship between ammonia volatilization rate and volume of nitric acid used. Adding 10 M nitric acid at 1·4% by volume lowered volatilization by 75% of that from whole slurry and increased the nitrogen content of the slurry by 2 g N/l, making it a more balanced NPK fertilizer for cut swards. Because the variable value of cattle slurry is due to loss of nitrogen as ammonia and smothering of the sward with slurry solids, a combination of separation or dilution to lower sward contamination and acidification with nitric acid to lower volatilization may be the best practical option for improving cattle slurry as a fertilizer for cut grass.

Effect of separation and acidification of cattle slurry on ammonia volatilization and on the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Frost ◽  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Whole Slurry

SUMMARYDuring the growing season of 1988 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough, cattle slurry was kept whole or was separated through screens with mesh sizes of 5 mm, 3 mm, 0·25 mm and 0·015 mm. The resulting slurry liquids were either left unacidified or were acidified to pH 5.5 with 5M-H2SO4 prior to application at 75 kg NH+4-N/ha to perennial ryegrass in the field. Volatilization of ammonia was measured using ventilated enclosures. Plots treated with a range of rates of inorganic fertilizer N were used to construct response curves to assess the efficiency of N in slurry for herbage production compared with equinitrogenous inorganic fertilizer.On average over the season, acidification of cattle slurry decreased ammonia volatilization to < 15% of that from unacidified whole slurry. Compared with inorganic fertilizer N, the overall efficiency of NH+4-N was 96% in acidified slurries and 36% in unacidified whole slurry. Ammonia volatilization from separated slurries decreased with decreasing mesh size to 39% of that from whole slurry for a 0·015 mm mesh. The overall efficiency of NH4+-N in slurry separated through a 0·015 mm mesh was 76%. A highly significant linear relationship was found between NH3-N volatilized from all slurry treatments and N offtake in herbage at all three harvests.

Evaluation of separation plus acidification with nitric acid and separation plus dilution to make cattle slurry a balanced, efficient fertilizer for grass and silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
J. P. Frost ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Whole Slurry

SUMMARYCombinations of treatments of cattle slurry, which have previously been shown to have lowered ammonia volatilization by 75% of that from whole slurry, were compared in a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990. Whole slurry and slurries obtained by separation through screens with mesh sizes of 5·0, 3·0, 1·1 and 0·4mm were acidified with 1·4% by volume of 10M nitric acid. Slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes were diluted 100% and 50% respectively by volume with water and amended with calcium nitrate to supply the same amount of nitrogen as the nitric acid. All slurry combinations were surface-applied at 100 kg (NH4+-N + NO3−-N)/ha to different plots on three occasions during the growing season. Volatilization of ammonia was measured on adjacent plots using ventilated enclosures. By comparison with inorganic fertilizer treatments, assessments were made of the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production, the fertilizer value of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in the slurry, and the effects of slurry on silage quality.The mean ammonia volatilization over all applications of acidified slurries was 17% of that from whole slurry. The two separation plus dilution treatments, however, only lowered volatilization to about half of that from whole slurry. Within separation plus acidification treatments, the trend was for dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake to increase as mesh size decreased down to 1.1 mm. For slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes, the effect of the additional dilution treatment on dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake was similar to the effect of acidification. Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over all three cuts, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, was 54% for acidified whole slurry and 88% for slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidified. Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solids may have been responsible for lowering nitrogen efficiency.Chemical analyses of herbage showed that the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur from the slurry treatments were comparable to those in herbage receiving the recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers and were sufficient for optimum yield. Slurry application had a detrimental effect on the fermentation quality of the ensiled herbage. Chemical analyses indicated that fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut and all slurry treatments at the third cut were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.

scholarly journals Yield response of summer country bean to boron and molybdenum fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Nasreen ◽  
MA Siddiky ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
RP Rannu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fertilizer Combination ◽  
Higher Doses

Field experiments were conducted in the Grey Terrace Soil (Aeric Albaquept) under AEZ-28 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm, Gazipur during summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 to determine the optimum rate of boron and molybdenum combination for maximizing the yield of summer country bean (var. BARI Sheem-3). Four levels each of B (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1 ) and Mo (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg ha-1 ) were used as treatment variables. The results indicated that application of B and Mo fertilizer combination exerted significant influence on the number of pods plant-1 , individual pod weight and pod yield ha-1 in both the years. The highest pod yield (9.58 t ha-1 in 2010 and 9.42 t ha-1 in 2011) was produced by the combination of 2 kg B and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1 and it was statistically identical with 2 kg B and 1.0 kg Mo ha-1 combination. Addition of B beyond 2 kg ha-1 along with higher doses of Mo created a detrimental effect to reduce yield irrespective of years. The results revealed that application of 2 kg B and 1 kg Mo ha-1 combination with a blanket dose of 50 kg N, 40 kg P, 60 kg K and 20 kg S ha-1 plus cowdung 5 t ha-1 might be optimum for summer country bean cultivation in Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(1): 71-76, March 2015

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide flux from nitric-acid-treated cattle slurry applied to grassland under semi-controlled conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Velthof ◽  
O. Oenema
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Flux ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Oxide Flux

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from cattle slurry after surface application to grassland were measured under semi-controlled environmental conditions during three periods in 1991. Three types of cattle slurry were examined; untreated slurry and slurries treated with nitric acid (HNO3) to pH 6.0 and 4.5. Treatment with HNO3 is a proposed technique to reduce ammonia volatilization from slurry during storage, and during and after surface application. N2O flux was determined one to four times a day for 7 to 18 days after application of 0.64 to 3.8 kg slurry/msuperscript 2. Slurry-derived fluxes were greater from treated slurries than from untreated slurries. Cumulative N2O losses ranged from

Crop compatibility and spatial arrangement in sorghum-based intercropping systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Waghmare ◽  
T. K. Krishnan ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

SUMMARYField experiments on crop compatibility and spatial arrangements in sorghum were conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in irrigated conditions in 1976 and 1978. Grain yield of sorghum increased when grown in association with the legumes greengram, groundnut, grain and fodder cow peas and soya bean, compared with sole sorghum. Planting of sorghum in paired rows (30:90 cm) with two rows of intercrop in the 90 cm space produced maximum yields of sorghum and intercrops.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management on the Yield and Profitability of Cauliflower

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
SK Bhowal ◽  
MH Hossain ◽  
MM Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Research Division ◽  
On Farm

Field experiments were conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) sites of Chandina and Debidwer of Cumilla district, and Kasba of Brahmanbaria district under on-farm research division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Cumilla during 2016-18 to find out the appropriate dose of fertilizer for the maximum productivity of hybrid cauliflower varieties. Five integrated nutrient management packages  such as T1= Recommended fertilizer dose for high yield goal (HYG), viz. 40-20-38-7-0-0 NPKSZnB Kg ha-1, T2= T1 + 1.5 t ha-1 vermicompost, T3 = T1 + 5 t ha-1 cowdung, T4= STB  (107-61-107-30-3.0-1.0 NPKSZnB Kg ha-1 and T5= Farmers practices  (114-74-123.5-0-0 NPKSZnB Kg ha-1) were used in the trial. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with six dispersed replications. The result revealed that the highest curd breadth (21.68 cm), individual curd weight (1.86 Kg) and curd yield (44.14 t ha-1) was obtained from T2 treatment followed by T3 and T4 treatments. The lowest yield was found from farmers practice. Similarly the highest gross return (Tk. 626669.00 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 493869.00 ha-1) were also found from T2 treatment and the lowest (Tk. 457734.00 ha-1 and 438066.00 ha-1) respectively from  farmer's practice T5. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 45-49

Effects of dicyandiamide (DCD) blended with urea on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement

Field experiments, conducted during 1992/93 and 1993/94 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, indicated that dicyandiamide (DCD) blended with urea produced taller wheat plants with more grains ear−1 and thus higher grain and straw yields than following urea alone. The economic optimum dose (EOD) of nitrogen was estimated to be 73 kg N ha−1 for DCD-blended urea (8[ratio ]2) and 84 kg N ha−1 for urea alone, and the grain kg−1 N of the crop at the EOD was calculated to be 23 kg grain kg−1 N with DCD-blended urea and 18·6 kg grain kg−1 N with urea alone. Thus DCD-blended urea produced more grain using less nitrogen than urea alone. The nitrogen requirement for a targeted yield of 4 t ha−1 was also less when using DCD-blended urea (29 kg N ha−1) than when using urea alone (38 kg N ha−1). The DCD-blended urea resulted in higher N, P and K uptakes, agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of nitrogen than urea alone.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on yield and yield attributes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khatun ◽  
MAH Bhuiyan ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
SM Bayazied Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Plant Seeds

Field experiments were carried out during 2004-2006 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Farm in Grey Terrace Soils, Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ 28), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to determine the effects of harvesting time on yield and yield attributes of chickpea. Chickpea seeds of three varieties viz., BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-6, and BARI Chola-8 were collected at three times viz., i) when the pods were yellowish with a few yellow greens (H1 stage), ii) when most of the pods were light brown with a few yellow (H2 stage), and iii) when all the pods were completely brown and dry (H3 stage). All the seeds were stored in earthen pot until conducting the field study. Significant variation was not observed in three varieties of chickpea for most of the parameters studied. The highest pods/plant, seeds/pod, and seed yield were observed in BARI Chola-5 and the lowest in BARI Chola-8. Seeds collected at the stage when most of the pods were light brown with a few yellow (H2 stage) recorded the highest pods/plant, seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. The highest seed yield was recorded from BARI Chola-5 when seeds were collected at H2 stage. Keywords: Chickpea; harvesting time; yield; yield attributes. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5875Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 143-148, March 2010

Volatilization of ammonia from solid and liquid urea surface-applied to perennial ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Watson ◽  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
P. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spray Volume

SUMMARYA field experiment compared the effects of urea, surface-applied either as a solid or liquid, at a rate of 100 kg N/ha, on ammonia volatilization from an established perennial ryegrass sward on three separate occasions during 1990 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland. Total NH3 loss over 10 days from prilled urea for each of the three study periods was equivalent to 3.4, 9.1 and 4.4% of N applied. On two occasions, applying urea as a liquid significantly increased NH3 loss compared to prills, whereas on the third occasion there was no significant effect. Increasing the spray volume from 80 to 640 ml/m2 had no significant effect on NH3 volatilization.Surface application of urea as a liquid compared to the prilled form did not lower NH3 volatilization and therefore is not a strategy that would improve the efficiency of urea as a nitrogen source for temperate grassland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document