Prediction of body compostion of sheep from tritiated water space and body weight—tests of published equations

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
General Application ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Water Space

SUMMARYThe body composition of parasite-infected sheep and of healthy sheep of various body weights and breeding was predicted from tritiated water (TOH) space and body weight using previously published regression equations. Results agreed well with body composition determined by analysis of the minced carcass though a small bias existed in some groups. It is concluded that the equations have a general application to the prediction of body composition in sheep.

Body composition in lambs and young sheep and its prediction in vivo from tritiated water space and body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Representative Samples

SUMMARYTritiated water (TOH) space was determined in sixty-one sheep of known age (3 days to 18 months). Representative samples of the minced carcass were subsequently analysed to determine body composition (water, fat, protein, ash and energy). The regressions of the weight of the various body components on TOH space and body weight reported here gave equations suitable for prediction. These were similar to equations derived from published results for adults. Combining data on young sheep and adults gave broadly based equations that could be used to predict the body composition of healthy sheep of all ages from 3 days to adults.

The body composition of growing sheep during milk feeding, and the effect on composition of weaning at various body weights

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
D. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Milk Feeding

SummaryThirty-four (13♂, 21♀) entire cross-bred lambs were suckled on reconstituted, spray-dried cows' milk from 2 days of age for varying periods of time up to 18 weeks before being weaned on to solid food or slaughtered to determine chemical composition. The body composition of each sheep (water, fat, protein, energy) was also estimated from the tritiated water (TOH) space at 3-weekly intervals during milk feeding, at intervals of 5–8 weeks subsequently and at slaughter. Comparison between. TOH estimates and whole body analysis confirmed the accuracy of the previously-derived prediction equations.The relationship between each of the various body components and body weight for individual sheep during milk feeding was described by a ‘bent’ (non-rectangular) hyperbola. There were no substantial differences between animals in either the position or slope of the lower asymptote nor in the slope of the upper asymptote. There were, however, substantial differences in the point of intersection of the two asymptotes both within and between sexes. The mean intersection points for males and females were 17·7 and 14·4 kg body weight respectively.Sheep weaned at body weights of 11–16 kg subsequently followed the previously defined pattern of growth. Weaning at higher body weights (21–34 kg, body fat not less than 5·5 kg) resulted initially in both fat and/or body weight loss. In the final fattening phase of growth early- and late-weaned sheep of the same sex had similar body composition but females were fatter than males.

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

Prediction of body weights of Nellore sheep under field condition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rani ◽  
B. Ekambaram ◽  
B. Punya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nellore Sheep

Data on 1350 Nellore sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were utilized for development of prediction equations and study the phenotypic association among body measurements and body weights. The coefficients of correlation between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages. The height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High coefficient of determination (R2) value was observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age as 88 per cent, while in females 50 per cent at 2-teeth age.

Changes in the body composition and efficiency of mature sheep during loss and regain of live weight

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Keenan ◽  
W. R. McManus ◽  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

SUMMARYThe body composition of eight Merino wethers was estimated from the tritiated water (TOH) space and live weight at intervals during a cross-over experiment in which they were fed to either maintain a uniform live weight (about 34 kg) or to lose and, later, recover live weight over a 17-week period. The diet was a pelleted mixture of lucerne and wheat.The multiple regression equations used for these estimates were established from the chemical analysis of 24 sheep, including six from the cross-over experiment, which were killed at intervals during these two feeding regimens. The inclusion of TOH space in addition to live weight in the regression equations decreased the standard error of the estimates of body water, fat and energy by two-thirds. Correction of TOH space and live weight for gut water did not increase the precision of the equations.Shoop which ate, during the first 4 weeks of the experiment, one-third of the amount of food required to maintain their original live weight, lost 16% of their weight and 30% of their total body energy. This weight loss consisted of 45% water, 39% fat and 13% protein. It appeared that tissue was mobilized inefficiently to meet a sudden energy deficit.When food was offered ad lib. to these sheep after they had maintained a liveweight deficit of about 11 kg for 8 weeks, they regained their weight in 5 weeks but only 75% of their energy deficit. This was due to the high content of water (60%) and low content of fat (23%) in the regained tissue.The sheep that lost weight and then recovered it were, over-all, about 86% as efficient in their use of food to maintain body energy and produce wool as the sheep that maintained their original weight.

Body composition in vivo. IX. The relation of body composition to the tritiated water spaces of ewes and wethers fasted for short periods

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

Correlations are described between tritiated water space, total body water, fat, and protein in sheep subjected to 18–21 hr of fasting. These provide a system for estimating the body composition of living ruminants.

Studies of weaner sheep during and after a period of weight stasis. II.* Body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight For Age

Wether sheep (4 months old) were held at 20 kg liveweight by restricted feeding for either 4 or 6 months and then fed ad libitum. Body composition (total water, fat and protein) was estimated monthly from tritiated water (TOH) space measured in vivo, and on three occasions representative animals were slaughtered, minced and analysed. Composition at any given body weight was compared with that previously determined for animals grown without restriction (controls). Sheep slaughtered at the end of the period of weight stasis contained less protein and more water than the controls but contained a similar weight of fat. Previously derived prediction equations estimated water correctly from TOH space in these undernourished sheep, but protein was overestimated by 0.38 kg (17% of the mean) and fat was underestimated by 0.19 kg (10% of the mean). The body composition of animals slaughtered after partial or complete recovery of weight for age was normal for their weight and predictions were accurate. The sequential estimates of composition indicated that although the relationship between fat and weight differed between individuals, at any given body weight above 32 kg compensating animals and controls had a similar composition. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 343 (1975).

scholarly journals Bayesian analyses of multiple epistatic QTL models for body weight and body composition in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
NENGJUN YI ◽  
DENISE K. ZINNIEL ◽  
KYOUNGMI KIM ◽  
EUGENE J. EISEN ◽  
ALFRED BARTOLUCCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Late Growth

To comprehensively investigate the genetic architecture of growth and obesity, we performed Bayesian analyses of multiple epistatic quantitative trait locus (QTL) models for body weights at five ages (12 days, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks) and body composition traits (weights of two fat pads and five organs) in mice produced from a cross of the F1 between M16i (selected for rapid growth rate) and CAST/Ei (wild-derived strain of small and lean mice) back to M16i. Bayesian model selection revealed a temporally regulated network of multiple QTL for body weight, involving both strong main effects and epistatic effects. No QTL had strong support for both early and late growth, although overlapping combinations of main and epistatic effects were observed at adjacent ages. Most main effects and epistatic interactions had an opposite effect on early and late growth. The contribution of epistasis was more pronounced for body weights at older ages. Body composition traits were also influenced by an interacting network of multiple QTLs. Several main and epistatic effects were shared by the body composition and body weight traits, suggesting that pleiotropy plays an important role in growth and obesity.

Undernutrition in grazing sheep. III.* Body composition and its estimation in vivo

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Farrell ◽  
TF Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Part ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Free Body

Twenty-four sheep, 12 fitted with rumen cannulae, were divided into three similar groups and kept at pasture. The grazing intake of group A was not restricted, but groups B and C were undernourished for a period of about 4 months and were then maintained in thin condition for a further 9 months, when all sheep were killed. The mean fat content was then 27, 9, and 5% of mean body weight in groups A, B, and C respectively. Undernourished sheep had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) water content in the fat-free empty body than well-nourished sheep. Multiple regression equations relating the fat, protein, and estimated energy contents of the body to tritiated water space and body weight differed between well-nourished and undernourished sheep. This was due to the larger amount of water in the rumell-reticulum of thin sheep and to the high water content of their fat-free body. __________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 23: 499 (1972)

Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight. 2. Chemical and dissectible body composition

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
Diana Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Body Components

ABSTRACTThe changes in chemical and dissectible body composition from birth to maturity were examined in rams and ewes from flocks of Merino sheep selected for high (weight-plus) and low (weight-minus) weaning weight and from a randomly bred control flock. Body composition was examined in 34 mature animals and the maturing patterns for body components calculated using mean values from the mature animals and individual data from 106 immature animals.In the 34 mature animals, strain had no effect on the proportions of chemical and dissected fat, protein and muscle in the body. The weight-plus had greater proportions of ash and carcass bone in the body than the weight-minus animals. Mature rams had lower proportions of chemical and dissected fat and greater proportions of protein, muscle, ash and carcass bone in the body than mature ewes.The weight-minus animals had later maturing patterns for both chemical and dissected fat than the weight-plus animals. Strain had no effect on the maturing patterns for protein and muscle, although both ash and carcass bone were later maturing in the weight-plus, than in the weight-minus animals. Chemical and dissected fat were later maturing in the ewes than in the rams, whereas protein, muscle, ash and carcass bone were earlier maturing in the ewes than in the rams.The weight-minus animals were fatter at the heavier body weights, although there was a trend for the weight-plus animals to be slightly fatter at the lighter body weights. When compared at the same stage of maturity of body weight, strain differences in the proportion of fat in the body declined as the animals matured. Compositional differences between the rams and ewes varied according to the body weight or stage of maturity of body weight at which they were compared.

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