Studies of weaner sheep during and after a period of weight stasis. II.* Body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight For Age

Wether sheep (4 months old) were held at 20 kg liveweight by restricted feeding for either 4 or 6 months and then fed ad libitum. Body composition (total water, fat and protein) was estimated monthly from tritiated water (TOH) space measured in vivo, and on three occasions representative animals were slaughtered, minced and analysed. Composition at any given body weight was compared with that previously determined for animals grown without restriction (controls). Sheep slaughtered at the end of the period of weight stasis contained less protein and more water than the controls but contained a similar weight of fat. Previously derived prediction equations estimated water correctly from TOH space in these undernourished sheep, but protein was overestimated by 0.38 kg (17% of the mean) and fat was underestimated by 0.19 kg (10% of the mean). The body composition of animals slaughtered after partial or complete recovery of weight for age was normal for their weight and predictions were accurate. The sequential estimates of composition indicated that although the relationship between fat and weight differed between individuals, at any given body weight above 32 kg compensating animals and controls had a similar composition. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 343 (1975).

Body composition in lambs and young sheep and its prediction in vivo from tritiated water space and body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Representative Samples

SUMMARYTritiated water (TOH) space was determined in sixty-one sheep of known age (3 days to 18 months). Representative samples of the minced carcass were subsequently analysed to determine body composition (water, fat, protein, ash and energy). The regressions of the weight of the various body components on TOH space and body weight reported here gave equations suitable for prediction. These were similar to equations derived from published results for adults. Combining data on young sheep and adults gave broadly based equations that could be used to predict the body composition of healthy sheep of all ages from 3 days to adults.

Body composition in vivo. III. The composition of living ruminants and its relation to the tritiated water spaces

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precise Method

Two methods for predicting the body composition of living goats from the tritiated water spaces derived in them were proposed previously from results obtained with 11 goats. The relation of tritiated water spaces to body composition has been studied in an addltlonal 10 goats and 9 sheep, and these results together with those previousl y published have yielded a more precise method for calculating the body composition of living ruminants in terms of water, fat, protein, and ash.

Body composition in vivo. IV. Comparisons of the antipyrine and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces in goats

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
JT Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

The effects of feed and water deprivation on the antipyrine (AP) spaces were studied in five goats. Generally there was no good relationship between loss in body weight, following 24 or 48 hr of feed and water deprivation, and changes in the AP space. The AP spaces were variable and the rates at which AP disappeared from the circulations of our animals also varied. No satisfactory explanation could be given. Estimates of body water made with N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine (NAAP) were always smaller than the simultaneous AP spaces in any animal. Two experiments were made to study these differences in the volumes of distribution of AP and NAAP when both chemicals were injected simultaneously. Both chemicals yielded anomalous spaces in the first experiment when the ruminal contents had been augmented with water, while better results were obtained when the ruminal contents had been augmented with rumen fluid in the second experiment. Intravenously administered AP appeared in the rumen contents of the goats at greater concentration than NAAP which had been given at the same time, and the differences between the two spaces appeared to be due to this. The rates at which both substances disappeared from the circulation of these animals are given, and the relationship between their disappearance from the blood and appearance in the rumen is discussed.

Personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Paweł Piepiora ◽  
Magdalena Superson ◽  
Kazimierz Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. A positive relationship is recognised in literature between strength and body weight. On that basis a division into weight categories has been introduced in many combat sports. Nutritional behaviours are influenced by a number of factors that indirectly affect body weight. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team. Material and methods. The study consisted in the performance of a personality evaluation using the NEO-FFI questionnaire and a body composition analysis using a TANITA BC-418 analyser. 15 athletes from the Polish national youth female wrestling team aged (20.26 ± 1.43 years) participated in the study. Results. The study showed a lack of relationship between personality and body composition in members of the national wrestling team. Conclusions. Research points to a relationship between nutritional behaviours and satisfying not only the physiological, but also psychological needs of the body. A thorough investigation of this mechanism and of the possibility of its application may be very helpful, especially for combat sport athletes. The ability to optimise body weight, without the necessity of ensuring its fast reduction during the pre-start period, may have a significant impact on a person’s results.

The body composition of growing sheep during milk feeding, and the effect on composition of weaning at various body weights

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
D. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Milk Feeding

SummaryThirty-four (13♂, 21♀) entire cross-bred lambs were suckled on reconstituted, spray-dried cows' milk from 2 days of age for varying periods of time up to 18 weeks before being weaned on to solid food or slaughtered to determine chemical composition. The body composition of each sheep (water, fat, protein, energy) was also estimated from the tritiated water (TOH) space at 3-weekly intervals during milk feeding, at intervals of 5–8 weeks subsequently and at slaughter. Comparison between. TOH estimates and whole body analysis confirmed the accuracy of the previously-derived prediction equations.The relationship between each of the various body components and body weight for individual sheep during milk feeding was described by a ‘bent’ (non-rectangular) hyperbola. There were no substantial differences between animals in either the position or slope of the lower asymptote nor in the slope of the upper asymptote. There were, however, substantial differences in the point of intersection of the two asymptotes both within and between sexes. The mean intersection points for males and females were 17·7 and 14·4 kg body weight respectively.Sheep weaned at body weights of 11–16 kg subsequently followed the previously defined pattern of growth. Weaning at higher body weights (21–34 kg, body fat not less than 5·5 kg) resulted initially in both fat and/or body weight loss. In the final fattening phase of growth early- and late-weaned sheep of the same sex had similar body composition but females were fatter than males.

Prediction of body compostion of sheep from tritiated water space and body weight—tests of published equations

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
General Application ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Water Space

SUMMARYThe body composition of parasite-infected sheep and of healthy sheep of various body weights and breeding was predicted from tritiated water (TOH) space and body weight using previously published regression equations. Results agreed well with body composition determined by analysis of the minced carcass though a small bias existed in some groups. It is concluded that the equations have a general application to the prediction of body composition in sheep.

Body weight and wool production in grazing sheep given access to a supplement of urea and molasses: intake of supplement/response relationships

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
R. M. Murray ◽  
F. M. Ball ◽  
F. B. Roseby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYA technique for estimating the intake of liquid supplements by individual, grazing animals was used in a trial with 200 sheep grazing poor quality pasture and given access to a urea-molasses supplement (19%, w/v).A mathematical procedure was developed to estimate intake of supplement based on measurements of the accumulation of tritiated water (TOH) and its rate of turnover in the body of each animal after a TOH-labelled mixture had been available for a period of 7 days.In calculating the level of intake of labelled supplement, it was assumed that each animal ingested the mixture once daily over the 7-day period, since animals were observed to take the supplement daily and the daily loss of supplement from the dispenser was noarly constant. It was estimated that the combined intakes of the animals accounted for 87% of the known total loss of labelled supplement from the dispenser.Of the 200 sheep, 97 did not consume any supplement and among the other 103 animals, estimated intake varied from 5 to 550 ml/day.All sheep lost body weight during the trial, but those consuming the supplement lost significantly less weight, and grew significantly more wool during the period of supplementation, than did the sheep that did not consume the supplement.A small but significant amount of the variance (13%) in body-weight change and wool growth during supplementation was removed by multiple regression analysis, by including the intake of the supplement, faecal egg count (as an indication of parasite burden) and body weight at the start of the trial, as independent variables. Other factors not studied (e.g., dry matter intake) apparently accounted for a large proportion of the variance.The relationship between body-weight change and intake of the urea-molasses mixture was compatible with the hypothesis that the supplement was used largely as a concentrate feed, and not solely as a nitrogen supplement.

Body composition in vivo. VI. The composition of ewes during prolonged undernutrition

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group 1

Ten Border Leicester x Merino ewes were divided into two groups on the basis of a initial calculation of their body composition. Group 1 comprised a group of six moderately fat ewes (fat content < 25% body weight), and group 2 four very fat ewes (fat content >40% body weight). The ewes were undernourished by feeding progressively diminishing quantities of a mixture of lucerne chaff and oats (1:1) until group 1 had lost 38.7 and group 2 33.7% of their initial weight in 150–200 days. Feed intakes and wool growth of the sheep were recorded and calculations were made of the body composition in terms of total body water, fat, protein, and ash as undernutrition progressed. Thiocyanate spaces, haematocrit values, and plasma, blood, and red cell volumes were also measured. Generally the ewes in group 1 exhibited a starvation syndrome which was characterized by the gradual depletion of the fat and protein reserves of the body until fat reserves had been almost completely used. Thiocyanate spaces in these ewes expanded relative to body weight, and the circulatory parameters showed a progressive shrinkage of the red cell volume while plasma volume was maintained. The ewes in group 2 differed markedly in their reaction to undernutrition in that three out of the four passed, after a time, into a phase of inappetence and died while still in a very fat condition.

Body composition in vivo. IX. The relation of body composition to the tritiated water spaces of ewes and wethers fasted for short periods

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

Correlations are described between tritiated water space, total body water, fat, and protein in sheep subjected to 18–21 hr of fasting. These provide a system for estimating the body composition of living ruminants.

Prediction of the body composition of live cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Little ◽  
J. G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARYTwo methods of determining body composition in live cattle have been compared with the composition of the cattle as determined by chemical analysis. Total body water (TBW) was estimated from tritiated water (TOH) dilution, and circulating redcell volume (RCV) estimated from measurements of plasma volume and haematocrit. TBW was very closely related to fat-free weight and fat weight as a percentage of live weight (LW) in eight cattle ranging from 3 to 34% fat. TOH space was more precise than RCV in the estimation of the various chemical fractions of the live animal.TOH injected intravenously equilibrated with ruminal water in 8–10 h; one could be confident that equilibration had occurred 10 h after injection, and equilibration time was not affected by previous restriction of feed and water. The mean biological half life of TOH was 4·2 ± 0·4 days. Equations are presented for the practical determination of the various compartments.

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