Body composition in vivo. IX. The relation of body composition to the tritiated water spaces of ewes and wethers fasted for short periods

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

Correlations are described between tritiated water space, total body water, fat, and protein in sheep subjected to 18–21 hr of fasting. These provide a system for estimating the body composition of living ruminants.

Body composition of live cattle and its prediction from fasted liveweight, tritiated water space and age

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird ◽  
PC Flinn ◽  
JWD Cayley ◽  
MJ Watson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

The body composition of 23 Hereford steers was related to their liveweight after a 24 h fast (W), total body water (TBW), tritiated water space (T) and age in months (A) by using allometric or linear regression models. Fifteen steers, of similar initial age, were taken at intervals from a grazing experiment having a wide range of stocking rates. These steers were 15-22 months of age and 189-461 kg W at slaughter. Six younger and two older steers were also used to expand the range to 3-33 months and 90-517 kg. The steers were taken from pasture 3 h after sunrise and deprived of feed and water thereafter. After 4 h, tritiated water was given intramuscularly and 20 h later blood was collected and the animals were weighed and slaughtered. Models having the least residual standard deviation (r.s.d.) and the predictors which contributed significantly in the stepwise regression analysis (P i 0.05) are given for each range of W. T greatly improved the estimation of fat and slightly improved the prediction of protein. A only slightly improved the prediction of TBW and fat. Equations applicable to the narrow range of W were: total body water (kg) =

Body composition in vivo. II. The composition of mature goats and its relationship to the antipyrine, tritiated water, and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
AR Till
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body

The antipyrine, tritiated water, and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces were determined simultaneously in goats which had been deprived of feed and water for 48 hr. The animals were then killed, minced, and analysed for water, fat, protein, and ash contents. The compositions of the whole and empty bodies of the goats were calculated, and the relationships between the bodily components were compared with those reported for cattle, sheep, and some monogastric species. The relationships found between the components of the whole bodies compared favourably with those derived from the empty bodies. The relationships of the spaces determined in vivo to total body water, fat, and protein were found, and confidence statements were placed on predicted estimates.

scholarly journals The prediction of body composition in poultry by estimation in vivo of total body water with tritiated water and deuterium oxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Body

1. Birds (n169) which varied in age, live weight, nutritional history, physiological state and genotype were slaughtered and analysed for total body water. Before slaughter, birds were injected with the water isotopes tritiated water (TOH) or deuterium oxide (D2O), or both, to determine TOH space or D2O space, or both, as estimates of total body water in vivo.2. At the mean total body water of all birds determined by desiccation, of 1096·4 (SD 424·1) g, TOH space and D2O space overestimated total body water by 10·4 and 8·5 % respectively. The difference between the isotopes was significant (P< 0·05).3. Based on recovery of isotope it was postulated that the main reason for the observed overestimation of total body water in vivo was incomplete recovery of isotope due to the vacuum sublimation technique. The mean recovery (%) of added isotope to whole blood after vacuum sublimation was 93·0 (SD 2·6) and 92·4 (SD 5·5) of the theoretical concentrations of TOH and D2O respectively.4. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of total body water was obtained from regression equations which included live weight and isotope-dilution space. Values required logarithmic (base 10) transformation before derivation of linear and multiple linear regression equations, and the precision of prediction was determined by the residual standard deviation (RSD).5. Total body water could be predicted with nearly equal accuracy from live weight or isotope-dilution space (RSD 0·025 and 0·020 respectively). Prediction of carcass protein was more accurate from live weight (RSD 0·033) than from TOH space (RSD 0·036), and inclusion of both variables resulted in only a marginal decrease in RSD to 0·031.6. The prediction of carcass fat and energy was markedly improved by the inclusion of isotope-dilution space in conjunction with live weight compared with live weight alone.7. The relations show the developmental nature of body composition of domestic fowl given diets adequate in nutrients. The prediction equations demonstrate the precision possible for studies in which estimates of body composition in poultry are required without slaughter.

In vivo estimation of body composition of lactating dairy cattle from urea space measurements

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Agnew ◽  
W J McCaughey ◽  
J.D. McEvoy ◽  
D C Patterson ◽  
M G Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Space Technique ◽  
Total Body

San Pietro and Rittenberg (1953) reported that urea appeared to meet all the requirements of a satisfactory tracer. Urea is non toxic, not foreign to the body and it shows an even and rapid distribution throughout the total body water without any physiological effect. For these reasons in addition to its easy and accurate measurement, urea is an ideal candidate tracer to estimate empty body water in vivo. Total body water volume (urea space) can be estimated by dividing the total amount of urea infused by the increase in plasma urea concentration from prior to infusion until 12 or 30 minutes after mean infusion time. Kock and Preston (1973) reported significant relationships between urea space measurements and percentage of empty body fat and water in cattle. However, Andrew et al. (1995) using 21 Holstein cows showed that prediction of empty body water using the urea space technique only explained 31 % of the variation. The objective of this experiment was to use the urea dilution technique to estimate the body composition of lactating dairy cows and produce relationships between urea space and body fat and protein content.

In vivo estimation of body composition in Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls from urea space and fasted live weight

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
S. De Campeneere ◽  
L.O. Fiems ◽  
J.M. Vanacker ◽  
B.G. Cottyn ◽  
Ch.V. Boucqué
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Total Body

Urea is non-toxic, not foreign to the body and it shows an even and rapid distribution throughout the total body water without any physiological effect or toxic manifestation. For these reasons and for its easy and accurate measurement, urea is an ideal tracer to estimate body composition in vivo. Total body water volume (urea space) can be estimated by dividing the total amount of urea infused by the increase in plasma urea concentration between prior to infusion and 12, 18 or 24 min after mean infusion time (Preston and Kock, 1973). In this experiment the urea infusion technique was evaluated to estimate body composition of Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls.

BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES ON THE SUCKLING PIG: II. THE IN-VIVO DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BODY WATER

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. D. Groves ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sequential Studies ◽  
Good Agreement

The method of Keston et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 122, 227) for the in-vivo determination of total body water when applied to the growing piglet has been evaluated and found to produce values in good agreement with those obtained by desiccation of the same animals.The densitometric method for the determination of deuterium oxide provides results of sufficient precision when considered in relation to the other unavoidable errors involved in work with live animals. The relative simplicity of the techniques and equipment in the present investigation recommend them for more extensive use in sequential studies of the body composition of growing animals.

scholarly journals The measurement of total body water in living pigs by deuterium oxide dilution and its relation to body composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Houseman ◽  
I. Mcdonald ◽  
K. Pennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

1. Deuterium oxide was used to estimate body water in twenty-four pigs of widely differing body composition and of average weight 83·9 kg.2. After infusion of the isotope, blood samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h. The resulting plasma was purified by a heat-distillation procedure, after which it was analysed for D2O by infrared spectroscopy.3. Approximately 24 h after infusion of the D2O each pig was killed, and its composition determined both by chemical analysis and physical dissection.4. Equilibration of D2O in the body was found to be complete within 2 h of injection of the tracer.5. The mean D2O space was found to be 8·6% greater than the mean empty body water space, but only 2·2% greater than the total body water space.6. Empty body water and total body water were estimated from the regression lines with residual standard deviations of 2·7 and 1·9% respectively. Similarly, the residual standard deviations of the regressions involving the other fat-free components were 6·3% for dissectible lean, 3·2% for fat-free mass, and 5·6% for crude protein.7. The residual standard deviations of the regressions in which the weights of dissectible fat and total body lipid were predicted were 6·0 and 6·7% respectively.

Body composition in vivo. VII. Relation between red cell volume and total body water in ewes

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
DA Little
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Parameters

The relationship between total body water and red cell volume was determined in a group of non-pregnant crossbred ewes, in an endeavour to obtain a method which did not necessitate the use of radioisotopes for determining body composition. Total body water could be predicted from red cell volume. The 95% confidence interval for a mean value for total body water, predicted from the red cell volume, was ±18.8% of the mean. All other relations which can be derived between the red cell volume and other body parameters depended on this relation. The calculation of body composition from measurements of the red cell volume is discussed.

scholarly journals Measuring the body composition of elderly subjects: a comparison of methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Reilly ◽  
L. A. Murray ◽  
J. Wilson ◽  
J. V. G. A. Durnin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Individual

There is a paucity of data on differences between methods for the assessment of body composition in elderly subjects. Studies on younger adults suggest that such differences are of some practical significance at the individual level. In the present study the following methods of estimating percentage body fatness (BF%) were compared in healthy elderly men and women (mean age 70 (SD 6) years: densitometry; skinfold thickness; total body water; bioelectrical impedance (BIA) using an age-specific predictive equation and the manufacturers' equation; body mass index (BMI). Though BF% estimates from the various methods tended to be highly correlated with those from densitometry and with each other, differences between methods at the individual level were marked. In particular, the age-specific equations based on BMI and BIA systematically overestimated BF% relative to the other methods. Biases between BF% estimates derived from densitometry, skinfolds, BIA (manufacturers' equation) and total body water were less marked, indicating little evidence of systematic differences between these methods in elderly subjects. Individual differences between methods were slightly greater than those reported in some studies of younger adults, but this may be of little practical significance, and may be considered inevitable in view of variability between and within subjects in the extent to which the underlying assumptions of these two-component methods are met in elderly subjects.

Estimation of body water and fat in cattle using tritiated water space and live weight with particular reference to the influence of breed

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. N. Chigaru ◽  
D. H. Holness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARYThe body composition of 18 each of Mashona, Afrikaner and Hereford heifers was measured at the beginning and after 16 and 32 weeks of the experiment. The heifers not slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment were fed a complete diet containing 132 g crude protein and 12·0 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter. Before slaughter, the animals were deprived of food and water for 24 h. Each animal was infused with 1 mCi of tritiated water (TOH) in order to measure total body water (TBW) and to estimate body fat.The growth rate of the three breeds of heifers was similar despite differences in age and initial live weight. Both TBW and fat proportions, however, differed significantly (P < 0·01) between slaughter stages for each breed and between breeds at each slaughter stage. At the first, second and final slaughter stages the proportions of TBW were: 68·0, 59·4 and 54·5% for Mashona; 70·;5, 64·3 and 58·3% for Afrikaner and 65·3, 57·6 and 46·2% for Hereford heifers respectively. The corresponding proportions of body fat were: 10·2, 18·4 and 24·2% for Mashona; 6·6, 12·0 and 20·0% for Afrikaner and 13·7, 20·8 and 25·8% for Hereford heifers respectively.There was a close relation between empty body weight and live weight at slaughter which was not influenced by breed. Both TBW and fat were estimated more accurately when TOH space and live weight were used jointly. However, the slopes of the prediction equations for each breed were significantly different (P < 0·05) in the case of both total body water and fat. It was necessary to use separate equations for each breed in order to predict either body water or fat. The significance of these findings for the estimation of body fat in live cattle is discussed.

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