The effect of changes in the intestinal flow of nucleic acids on allantoin excretion in the urine of Sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Antoniewicz ◽  
W. W. Heinemann ◽  
E. M. Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Purine Base ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
N Dose

SUMMARYThree ewes were intraduodenally infused with yeast RNA (15, 20 and 30 g/day) or control solutions for 3 days and the net changes in urinary allantoin excretion determined. Four mature wethers fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum were fed two levels (0·66 and 1 × maintenance) of pelleted lucerne hay. Allantoin excretion was compared with total nucleic acid (NA) flow in the small intestine.The average proportion of the recovery of the infused RNA-N dose as urinary allantoin–N amounted to 0·119 ± 0·0046. The values of the net increase of allantoin-N (Y, g/day) above control levels were highly significantly correlated (n = 12, r = 0·98) with amounts of RNA-N infused (X, g/day): y = 0·1185 (± 0·0086) X–0·004 (P < 0·001). The average ratio of urinary allantoin-N to NA-N passing the duodenum during 24 h was 0·173. A difference between the two conversion factors is discussed in relation to endogenous allantoin excretion and purine base composition of yeast and bacterial RNA.

scholarly journals Metabolism of the nucleic acids of rumen bacteria by preruminant and ruminant lambs

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Razzaque ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
R. N. B. Kay ◽  
J. M. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Purine Base ◽  
Close Relationship

1. A rumen bacterial culture containing specifically labelled nucleic acids was prepared using [8-14C]adenine.2. The labelled preparation was given in a liquid diet to two preruminant lambs and via a rumen tube to two ruminant lambs. The radioactivity excreted in exhaled gases, faeces and urine and that incorporated into tissues was determined.3 The preruminant lambs absorbed 58.3% of the total radioactivity measured after 24 h and the ruminant lambs 66.6% of the total activity measured after 48 h.4. Of the total radioactivity absorbed the preruminant lambs exhaled 38%, excreted 34% in urine and retained 29% in tissues. The corresponding values for the ruminant lambs were 12,41 and 47% respectively.5. There was a close relationship between total nucleic acid content and radioactivity per g of tissues of both preruminant and ruminant lambs.6. Of the radioactivity in the urine, the ruminant and one preruminant lamb excreted most in the fraction containing allantoin, while the other lamb excreted most activity in the uric acid fraction.7. The salvaging of the breakdown products of bacterial nucleic acids to make tissue nucleic acids appears to be an important synthesis in preruminant and ruminant lambs and of the likely precursors the purine base may be more important than the nucleoside.

scholarly journals The degradation of nucleic acids in, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Pyrimidine Nucleosides ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Serum And Urine

1. Nucleic acids and breakdown products were estimated in digesta taken from different sites in the small intestines of slaughtered steers given different diets. Amounts passing different sites were compared using cellulose as a non-digestible marker. The validity of this marker was checked with chromic oxide in some experiments. In other experiments, nucleic acids or derivatives were infused into the proximal duodenum of steers receiving diets of approximately equal proportions of flaked maize and hay. The amounts disappearing during passage through the small intestine were estimated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a non- absorbable marker.2. In the slaughter experiments the amounts of nucleic acids entering the small intestine varied with the type of diet. RNA and DNA disappeared on average, to extents of 89% and 80% respectively between the abomasum and the terminal ileum, irrespective of the diet. RNA disappearance occurred almost entirely in the proximal quarter of the small intestine, whereas that of DNA extended further along the tract.3. Nucleic acid degradation in the upper small intestine was accompanied by the transient appearance of adenosine, guanosine and pyrimidine nucleosides. These products were in greatest concentration in digesta from the first quarter of the small intestine and had generally completely disappeared by the terminal ileum.4. Of the different substances infused into the small intestine, free nucleic acids were removed to extents greater than 97%, adenine, guanine and uracil had completely disappeared, thymine and xanthine to approximately 80% and 95% and hypoxanthine and cytosine to only 51% and 48% respectively. The nucleosides adenosine and cytidine were also completely removed in the small intestine but were replaced, in part, by the catabolic products inosine plus hypoxanthine or cytosine respectively. Other nucleosides were removed to approximately half the extent of the corresponding bases.5. Serum and urine allantoin and uric acid levels were related to the amounts of purines entering the small intestines in free or bound form.

Utilization of dietary nucleic acid purines for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis in the mouse

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Burridge ◽  
Robin A. Woods ◽  
J. Frank Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Three preparations of radioactive yeast nucleic acids were fed to mice. One was labeled predominantly in the guanine moiety, one was labeled predominantly in the adenine moiety, and in one adenine and guanine were labeled equally. Most of the nucleic acid purines produced by digestion were excreted in the urine. However, a small amount was utilized for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis in the mouse tissues. Small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle contained most of the purines that were retained in the tissues. Dietary nucleic acid adenine appeared to be utilized somewhat more efficiently than was dietary nucleic acid guanine.

scholarly journals Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 and cross-assembly phage (crAssphage) from wastewater to monitor coronavirus transmission within communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyatt Green ◽  
Maxwell Wilder ◽  
Frank A. Middleton ◽  
Mary Collins ◽  
Ariana Fenty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Extraction ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure ◽  
Scalable Methods ◽  
Human Specific

Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has become an attractive tool for combating the spread of COVID-19 by assessing the presence or levels of the virus shed in a population. However, the methods to quantify viral RNA and to link those quantities to the level of infection within the community vary. In this study, we sought to identify and optimize scalable methods for recovery of viral nucleic acids from wastewater and attempted to use a constitutive member of the gut virome, human-specific crAssphage, to help account for unknown levels of SARS-CoV-2 decay and dilution in the wastewater infrastructure. Results suggest that ultracentrifugation of a small volume of wastewater through a 50% sucrose cushion followed by total nucleic acid extraction yielded quantifiable virus in an area with a modest number of COVID-19 cases. Further, the ratio of log10(SARS-CoV-2):log10(crAssphage) appears to be associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the Syracuse, NY area. In areas where ultracentrifuges are available, these methods may be used to link SARS-CoV-2 quantities in wastewater to levels of transmission within communities with sewer service.

PROTEIN-BOUND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN THE PROXIMAL STUMP OF PERIPHERAL NERVE AFTER NERVE SECTION OR AFTER NERVE CRUSH

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Distal Stump ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Soluble P

The concentration of acid-soluble P, lipid P, protein-bound P, total nucleic acid, DNA (desoxypentosenucleic acid), PNA (pentosenucleic acid), PP (“phosphoprotein”), and “inositide P” was determined in the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve of the cat at 16, 32, and 96 days after nerve section and at 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 96 days after nerve crush. There was an increase in the concentration of acid-soluble P at 16 days after nerve section and a decrease in the concentration of PP at 96 days after either nerve section or nerve crush. The lipid P decreased slightly at 96 days after nerve section and the “inositide P” increased somewhat at 96 days after nerve crush, but both of these fractions remained normal at the other time intervals. The greatest changes, however, were observed in the concentration of the nucleic acids. The concentration of total nucleic acid, DNA, and PNA increased after nerve section, the DNA concentration reaching a maximum at 96 days and the PNA at 16 days. The increase in the concentration of nucleic acid after nerve crush was smaller than that observed after nerve section, the greatest difference being noted at 96 days. These increases in the concentration of nucleic acids, which are not so marked as those in the distal stump, suggest that some cellular proliferation occurs, not only in the distal stump, but also in the proximal stump following either nerve section or nerve crush.

INFLUENCE OF FREEZE-STORAGE ON NUCLEIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN BACTERIA AND DUODENAL DIGESTA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. HA ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Freeze Storage ◽  
Purine Base

Separation of bacteria from duodenal digesta prior to storage (−25 °C) resulted in 17 and 27% loss of RNA at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. Storage of total digesta, with bacterial separation immediately prior to analysis, prevented loss of RNA. Purine base concentrations were not influenced by storage. However, removal of free purine base in digesta prior to analysis is recommended. Key words: Nucleic acids, freeze-storage, bacteria, duodenal digesta

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Snapshot blotting: The transfer of nucleic acids and nucleoprotein complexes from electrophoresis gels to EM grids

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Protein Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gel Mobility Shift ◽  
Nucleic Acid Interactions

The electrophoresis gel mobility shift assay is a popular method for the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions. The binding of proteins to DNA is characterized by a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the nucleic acid. Binding affinity, stoichiometry, and kinetics can be obtained from such assays; however, it is often desirable to image the various species in the gel bands using TEM. Present methods for isolation of nucleoproteins from gel bands are inefficient and often destroy the native structure of the complexes. We have developed a technique, called “snapshot blotting,” by which nucleic acids and nucleoprotein complexes in electrophoresis gels can be electrophoretically transferred directly onto carbon-coated grids for TEM imaging.

Molecular insights on the dynamic stability of peptide nucleic acid functionalized carbon and boron nitride nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Nabanita Saikia ◽  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Ravindra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acids ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Hybrids ◽  
Single Wall Nanotubes

The rational design of self-assembled nanobio-molecular hybrids of peptide nucleic acids with single-wall nanotubes rely on understanding how biomolecules recognize and mediate intermolecular interactions with the nanomaterial's surface.

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