Changes in propionate and glucose metabolism during synchronization of oestrus in ewes

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Carbon

SUMMARYPropionate and glucose metabolism were compared in two groups of Scottish Blackface ewes, one in which ewes had been fitted with vaginal pessaries impregnated with progesterone-analogue for the synchronization of oestrus and the other when ewes were in anoestrus. In ewes given the same amount of feed, the production rate of propionate increased significantly (P < 0·05) from 33 in anoestrous ewes to 44 gC/day in ewes with pessaries. The proportion of glucose-carbon apparently synthesized from propionate also increased significantly (P < 0·05) from 0·31 in anoestrous ewes to 0·44 in ewes with pessaries. The proportion of glucose-carbon apparently recycled was also significantly (P < 0·01) increased from 0·12 to 0·22. No changes were observed in glucose concentration, production rate or oxidation rate between the two groups of ewes.

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

Effect of calorie restriction on in vivo glucose metabolism by individual tissues in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. E728-E738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Wetter ◽  
Annie C. Gazdag ◽  
David J. Dean ◽  
Gregory D. Cartee
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
White Fat ◽  
Fat Pads

We evaluated the effects of 8 mo of calorie restriction [CR: 60% of ad libitum (AL) food intake] on glucose uptake by 14 tissues in unanesthetized, adult (12 mo) F344×BN rats. Glucose metabolism was assessed by the 2-[3H]deoxyglucose tracer technique at 1500 or 2100. Despite an ∼60% decline in insulinemia with CR, plasma 2-[3H]deoxyglucose clearance for CR was greater than for AL at both times. A small, CR-related decrease in glucose metabolic index ([Formula: see text]) occurred only at 1500 in the spleen and heart, and this decrease was reversed at 2100. In some tissues (cerebellum, lung, kidney, soleus, and diaphragm),[Formula: see text] was unaffected by diet, regardless of time. In the other tissues (brown fat, 3 white fat pads, epitrochlearis, plantaris, and gastrocnemius),[Formula: see text] was higher or tended to be higher for CR vs. AL at one or both times. These findings indicate that 8 mo of CR did not cause a continuous reduction in in vivo glucose uptake by any tissue studied, and, in several insulin-sensitive tissues, glucose uptake was at times greater for CR vs. AL rats.

scholarly journals Real-Time Block Rate Targeting

Ledger ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Harding
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Block Time

A proof-of-work blockchain uses a retargeting algorithm, also termed a difficulty adjustment algorithm, to manage the rate of block production in the presence of changing hashrate. To derive the parameters that guide the search for the next block, nearly all such algorithms rely on averages of past inter-block time observations, as measured by on-chain timestamps. We are motivated to seek better responsiveness to changing hashrate, while improving stability of the block production rate and retaining the progress-free property of mining. We describe a class of retargeting algorithms for which the sole inter-block time input is that of the block being searched for, and whose response is nonlinear in that time. We discuss how these algorithms allow the other consensus rules that govern allowable timestamps to be tightened, which may improve the blockchain’s effectiveness as a time-stamping machine.

scholarly journals Deuterium-depleted Water Stimulates GLUT4 Translocation in the Presence of Insulin, which Leads to Decreased Blood Glucose Concentration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Molnár ◽  
Katalin Horváth ◽  
Tamás Dankó ◽  
Ildikó Somlyai ◽  
Bea Zs Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Deuterium Depleted Water

Abstract BackgroundDeuterium (D) is a stable isotope of hydrogen (H) with a mass number of 2. It is present in natural waters in the form of HDO, at a concentration of 16.8 mmol/L, equivalent to 150 ppm. In a phase II clinical study, deuterium depletion reduced the fasting glucose concentration and insulin resistance.MethodsIn the study, we tested the effect of subnormal D-concentration on glucose metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Animals were randomly distributed into 9 groups to test the effect of D2O (in a range of 25-150 ppm) on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals with or without 2X1 unit/day insulin treatment. Serum glucose, -fructose amine-, -HbAIC, –insulin, and urine glucose were tested. After the 8-week treatment, membrane associated GLUT-4 from soleus muscle content was estimated by Western blot technique.ResultsOur results indicate, that deuterium depletion in the presence of insulin reduced the serum glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbAIC, level on dose dependent manner. The optimal concentration of deuterium was between 125-140 ppm. After 8-week period of deuterium depletion the highest membrane-associated GLUT-4 content was detected at 125 ppm.ConclusionsThese data suggest that deuterium depletion dose-dependently enhances insulin’s effect on GLUT-4 translocation and potentiates glucose uptake in diabetic rats, which explains the lower serum glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbAIC concentrations. Based on our experimental data, deuterium-depleted water could be used to treat patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by increasing the insulin sensitivity. The experiment indicates that the naturally occurring deuterium has an impact on metabolic regulation.

In vitro analysis of glucose metabolism and embryonic growth in postimplantation rat embryos

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development

The glucose metabolism and embryonic development of rat embryos during organogenesis was studied using embryo culture. Glucose uptake and embryonic growth and differentiation of 10.5-day explants (embryos + membranes) were limited by the decreasing glucose concentration, but not the increasing concentration of metabolites, in the culture media during the second 24 h of a 48 h culture. No such limitations were found on the embryonic development of 9.5-day explants during a 48 h culture although glucose uptake was slightly reduced at very low concentrations of glucose. From the head-fold stage to the 25-somite stage of development, glucose uptake was characteristic of the stage of development of the embryo and not the time it had been in culture. Embryonic growth of 9.5-day explants was similar to that previously observed in vivo. Glucose uptake by 9.5-day explants was dependent on the surface area of the yolk sac and was independent of the glucose concentration in the culture media (within the range of 9.4 to 2.5 mM). The proportion of glucose converted to lactate was 100% during the first 42h of culture then fell to about 50% during the final 6h. The protein contents of both the extraembryonic membranes and the embryo were dependent on the glucose uptake.

Controls on urban ozone production rate as indicated by formaldehyde oxidation rate and nitric oxide

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (40) ◽  
pp. 5395-5406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Chatfield ◽  
Xinrong Ren ◽  
William Brune ◽  
James Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Formaldehyde Oxidation ◽  
Urban Ozone

Author response for "A high glucose concentration during early stages of in vitro equine embryo development alters expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Sánchez‐Calabuig ◽  
Raúl Fernández‐González ◽  
Meriem Hamdi ◽  
Katrien Smits ◽  
Angela Patricia López‐Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Author Response ◽  
High Glucose Concentration ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Metabolism of glucose-U-C14 in perfused rat heart

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel H. Opie ◽  
Joseph C. Shipp ◽  
John R. Evans ◽  
Bernard Leboeuf
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Cardiac Rate ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Glycogen Formation

A closed perfusion system was designed to study C14O2 formation during uptake of glucose-U-C14 by the isolated, beating rat heart. An initial period of 5 min of preperfusion with oxygenated buffer allowed stabilization of the heart before 30 min of perfusion in the closed recirculation system. Oxygenation was adequate as judged by cardiac rate and force, the pattern of glucose metabolism, the rate of glycogenolysis, and the perfusate oxygen content. Glucose uptake increased sharply with increasing perfusate glucose concentrations over the range 1.25– 5 mm glucose, with a lesser rise in the 5–10 mm range and very little rise from 10–40 mm. Glucose oxidation, which accounted for 60% of the glucose uptake at 1.25 mm glucose concentration, reached a maximal rate at 5–10 mm. This maximal rate accounted for only 24% of the glucose uptake at 40 mm, indicating the increasing importance of nonoxidative fates of glucose with increasing glucose uptake. Lactate and net glycogen formation, and incorporation of glucose carbon into glycogen, were least at lowest glucose concentrations and increased irregularly as the glucose concentration rose. Uptake and oxidation of fructose-U-C14 (5 mm) was much less than that of glucose.

Glucose metabolism in rat hypothalamus

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Lautala ◽  
Julio M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Extracellular Glucose Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Phenazine Methosulphate

Abstract. In vitro glucose oxidation and glucose transport in the rat medial (MH) and lateral (LH) hypothalamic areas was measured. Glucose oxidation was calculated from the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14C02 and glucose transport from 14C02 produced from [114C]glucose in the presence of phenazine methosulphate and NaF. Increasing glucose in the medium from 1 him to 20 mm enhanced glucose oxidation two-fold in MH and 40% in LH. Addition of insulin, 100 (iU/ml, to the medium decreased glucose oxidation 30% both in MH and LH at both 4 mm and 20 mm glucose. Fasting did not affect glucose oxidation in either of these hypothalamic areas. Glucose transport was not affected by insulin, but was increased significantly when glucose was raised from 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm. Fasting also increased glucose transport in both hypothalamic areas. In conclusion, extracellular glucose concentration seems to be the major regulator of glucose utilization by the rat hypothalamus. Insulin, rather than increasing, seems to decrease glucose oxidation while having no effect on glucose transport.

Glucose metabolism and recycling by hepatocytes of OB/OB and ob/ob mice.

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. E389
Author(s):  
J T Lahtela ◽  
P A Wals ◽  
J Katz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Glucose Phosphorylation ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Mouse Hepatocytes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hepatocytes were prepared from livers of ob/ob (obese diabetic) mice and their lean (OB/OB) siblings that had been fasted for 24 h. The hepatocytes were incubated with [U-14C, 2-3H]-, [U-14C, 3-3H]-, and [U-14C, 6-3H]glucose at concentrations from 20 to 120 mM. 14C was recovered mainly in CO2, glycogen, and lactate. Tritium was recovered in water and glycogen. The yield in labeled products from [2-3H]glucose ranged from two to three times that from [U-14C]glucose. The yields from [3-3H]- and [6-3H]glucose were similar, and 1.3-1.7 times that from [U-14C]glucose. At 40 mM, total utilization of glucose by obese mice was about twice that for lean mice, but there was little difference at 120 mM. The rate of recycling between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate was calculated. An equation to calculate the rate of recycling of glucose from the 2-3H/U-14C ratio in glycogen is derived in the APPENDIX. Our results show that 1) the utilization of glucose by hepatocytes from obese diabetic mice exceeds that of their lean controls, 2) the rate of glucose phosphorylation in both groups greatly exceeds glucose uptake and the rate of glycogen synthesis, 3) glucose phosphorylation represents a difference between a high glucokinase rate and hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, and 4) recycling of glucose carbon between glucose 6-phosphate and pyruvate occurs within mouse hepatocytes.

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