Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

Avaliação da Aplicação Foliar de Biofertilizante em Quatro Cultivares de Soja

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Aline Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Bianca Obes Corrêa ◽  
Fábio De Freitas Pires ◽  
Silvia Rahe Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Characteristics

Este estudo avaliou a influência da aplicação foliar de diferentes concentrações do Fert Bokashi® no desenvolvimento de plantas de quatro cultivares de soja. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação durante 75 dias, utilizando-se vasos de cinco litros distribuídos em quatro blocos, para testar diferentes concentrações do biofertilizante (10% ativado; 5; 2,5; 1% e testemunha). Foram realizadas duas aplicações foliares do produto, nos estágios V3 e V6. As variáveis analisadas foram comprimento, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular da planta; número de folhas; número e massa de nódulos; número e massa fresca e seca de vagens. O efeito da aplicação do biofertilizante variou entre as diferentes cultivares avaliadas, sendo que a cultivar BR5 284 não foi afetada pelo uso do biofertilizante. As demais cultivares (SYN 9070 RR, AS 3730 IPRO e M6410 IPRO) foram afetadas, negativamente, em uma ou mais características de crescimento e/ou de produção, quando submetidas à aplicação a 10%. A aplicação na dose de 1% favoreceu somente a cultivar M6410 IPRO em termos de crescimento radicular e massa fresca de nódulos. Palavras-chave: Bioestimulante. Fert Bokashi®. Glycine max. AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of foliar application of different concentrations of Fert Bokashi ® on the plants development of four soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 75 days, using five-liter pots distributed in four blocks to test different concentrations of the biofertilizer (10% activated, 5, 2.5, 1% and control). Two foliar applications of the product were carried out in stages V3 and V6. The analyzed variables were shoot and root length, fresh and dry mass; number of leaves; number and mass of nodules; pods number and fresh and dry mass. The effect of the biofertilizer application varied among the different evaluated cultivars, being that the cultivar BR5 284 was not affected by the use of the biofertilizer. The other cultivars (SYN 9070 RR, AS 3730 IPRO and M6410 IPRO) were negatively affected in one or more growth and / or production characteristics when subjected to 10% application. The application at 1% concentration favored only the cultivar M6410 IPRO in terms of root growth and nodules fresh mass. Keywords: Biostimulant. Fert Bokashi®, Glycine max.

scholarly journals Current Status and Consideration of Support/Care Robots for Stand-Up Motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Kensuke Nakamura ◽  
Norihiko Saga
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Care Robots ◽  
Strategy Design ◽  
And Control

In order to make robots, which are expected to play an active role in the medical and nursing care fields in the future, more practical for use in rehabilitation, it is necessary to evaluate the current status of the design of these robots. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the existing literature on standing motion assistance robots developed and reported to date and investigate each existing design technique from the perspectives of “Functions and Effects” and “Assist form and control.” Then, we search and investigate papers written in English on standing motion assistance robots reported from 2008 to 2019 and organize the contents of the relevant papers into their different assistance modes and four categories related to design. As a result, the standing motion assistance robots are classified into three assist modes: partial assistance, total assistance, and both. The assistance forms are roughly divided into two types: a wearable type and a non-wearable type. It is also demonstrated that both the assistance forms adopt the same trends in terms of the control strategy design and system I/O relationships. On the other hand, power equipment tends to be different between the two forms.

scholarly journals Pursuer Assignment and Control Strategies in Multi-Agent Pursuit-Evasion Under Uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Amanda Prorok ◽  
Subhrajit Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pursuit Evasion ◽  
Assignment Algorithm ◽  
Evasion Problem ◽  
Assignment Strategy ◽  
And Control

We consider a pursuit-evasion problem with a heterogeneous team of multiple pursuers and multiple evaders. Although both the pursuers and the evaders are aware of each others’ control and assignment strategies, they do not have exact information about the other type of agents’ location or action. Using only noisy on-board sensors the pursuers (or evaders) make probabilistic estimation of positions of the evaders (or pursuers). Each type of agent use Markov localization to update the probability distribution of the other type. A search-based control strategy is developed for the pursuers that intrinsically takes the probability distribution of the evaders into account. Pursuers are assigned using an assignment algorithm that takes redundancy (i.e., an excess in the number of pursuers than the number of evaders) into account, such that the total or maximum estimated time to capture the evaders is minimized. In this respect we assume the pursuers to have clear advantage over the evaders. However, the objective of this work is to use assignment strategies that minimize the capture time. This assignment strategy is based on a modified Hungarian algorithm as well as a novel algorithm for determining assignment of redundant pursuers. The evaders, in order to effectively avoid the pursuers, predict the assignment based on their probabilistic knowledge of the pursuers and use a control strategy to actively move away from those pursues. Our experimental evaluation shows that the redundant assignment algorithm performs better than an alternative nearest-neighbor based assignment algorithm1.

Experimental Comparison of Control Strategies for Solar Energy Systems Incorporating Dual Storage Tanks

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
R. L. T. Wolfson ◽  
H. S. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Period Data ◽  
And Control

Two identical solar collector systems were operated side by side for a 67 day period. Data acquisition and control of both systems were accomplished by a minicomputer. One system’s control strategy kept its two storage tanks at the same temperature, simulating a single tank. The other system employed a dual temperature strategy designed to allow greater flexibility in adjusting to varying isolation. The dual temperature strategy showed a modest 4 percent gain in energy delivered to a load.

scholarly journals Renal mitochondrial impairment is attenuated by AT1 blockade in experimental Type I diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. H456-H465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. V. de Cavanagh ◽  
León Ferder ◽  
Jorge E. Toblli ◽  
Bárbara Piotrkowski ◽  
Inés Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 2 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electron Transfer Capacity

To investigate whether ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade could protect kidney mitochondria in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes, we treated 8-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg ip; STZ group), streptozotocin and drinking water containing either losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1; STZ+Los group) or amlodipine (3 mg·kg−1·day−1; STZ+Amlo group), or saline (intraperitoneally) and pure water (control group). Four-month-long losartan or amlodipine treatments started 30 days before streptozotocin injection to improve the antioxidant defenses. The number of renal lesions, plasma glucose and lipid levels, and proteinuria were higher and creatinine clearance was lower in STZ and STZ+Amlo compared with STZ+Los and control groups. Glycemia was higher in STZ+Los compared with control. Blood pressure, basal mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial pyruvate content, and renal oxidized glutathione levels were higher and NADH/cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was lower in STZ compared with the other groups. In STZ and STZ+Amlo groups, mitochondrial H2O2 production rate was higher and uncoupling protein-2 content, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and renal glutathione level were lower than in STZ+Los and control groups. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity was higher in STZ+Amlo compared with the other groups. Mitochondrial pyruvate content and H2O2 production rate negatively contributed to electron transfer capacity and positively contributed to renal lesions. Uncoupling protein-2 content negatively contributed to mitochondrial H2O2 production rate and renal lesions. Renal glutathione reduction potential positively contributed to mitochondria electron transfer capacity. In conclusion, AT1 blockade protects kidney mitochondria and kidney structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetes independently of blood pressure and glycemia.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

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