The yield and composition of the milk of Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes: II. Ewes and lambs grazed on pasture

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
R. A. Edwards ◽  
Elizabeth Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Production Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe milk production of 14 Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes suckling either single, twin or triplet lambs was recorded while they were wholly maintained on a high-quality grazed pasture. Intravenous administration of oxytocin followed by hand milking was used to estimate milk production within 4 days of parturition and then at weekly intervals during a 12-week lactation period. At each milking the milk from each ewe was retained for analysis. Herbage samples for analysis were cut by hand shears at weekly intervals at a height simulating the harvesting by the sheep. In vitro analysis showed a decline in the digestible organic matter in the herbage from approximately 75% in the early stages, to around 67% at the end of lactation. The percentage crude protein in the dry matter of the herbage was variable but tended to increase towards the end of the lactation period. The estimated mean total milk production values were 125, 176 and 193 kg for single-, twin- and triplet-suckled groups of ewes, respectively. Almost all of the difference in total yield between the groups of multiplesuckled ewes occurred in the first 4 weeks of lactation. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between suckling groups in the concentration of any of the milk constituents. Regression analysis showed significant evidence for differences between the linear and quadratic components of the regressions on stage of lactation for the suckling groups only in respect of daily milk yield, energy and protein production. The concentration of constituents other than lactose was higher in colostral milk but the differences were statistically significant only in respect of energy, total solids and fat. The lactose content of ordinary milk was significantly higher than that of colostral milk. The mean daily live-weight gains of the single- and twin-suckled lambs were significantly greater than that of the triplet-suckled group.

The yield and composition of the milk of Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes: I. Ewes and lambs maintained indoors

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
R. A. Edwards ◽  
Elizabeth Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lamb Growth

SUMMARYTwenty-two Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes suckling either single, twin, triplet or quadruplet lambs were maintained indoors during a 12-week lactation period. Milk production was estimated at weekly intervals by hand milking following oxytocin administration. Milk was collected from each ewe in four similar volumetric portions which were retained in order of withdrawal and analysed for maj or constituents. Weighted volumes of milk from each of the four portions were bulked to give a single sample for analysis. Estimated mean total milk production over a 12-week period from parturition was 134, 205, 212 and 218kg for single-, twin-, triplet- and quadruplet-suckled ewes respectively. Most of the difference in total yield between multiple-suckled groups of ewes occurred during the first 3 weeks of lactation, and the data indicate that the number of lambs born, or the total weight of concepta, influences the initial quantity of milk available to the lambs. Regression analysis showed significant evidence for difference between the linear components of the regression of milk yield, fat, protein, lactose and Gross Energy on the stage of lactation for all suckling groups. The concentration of all constituents other than lactose and ash was higher in colostral milk, but was significantly higher only in respect of fat, protein and Gross Energy. Substantial differences found between suckling groups in respect of fat and protein, content of the milks indicate an influence on these constituents due to the number of lambs suckled. The mean growth rates of the triplet- and quadruplet-suckled groups of lambs were each significantly lower than each of the single- and twin-suckled groups. The food intake of the ewes in relation to shape of lactation curves and consequent lamb growth is discussed.

Factors influencing the production of milk from pastoral cattle herds in Kenya

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roderick ◽  
P. Stevenson ◽  
J. Ndung’u
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Pastoral Cattle ◽  
Major Variable ◽  
Cattle Herds

AbstractThe Maasai of Kenya are typical of many pastoral communities in that they rely on milk as a major part of their diet. Milk production in three herds of Maasai cattle was studied from 1991 to 1996. Weekly measurements of milk extracted for human consumption were used to estimate lactation length, total offtake and mean daily production. Calf live-weight data were used to estimate total milk yield. Least-mean squares regression and analysis of variance tests were adopted to assess the effect of a number of variables on milk production parameters.Data from a total of 650 lactations and 383 calvings were collected. Mean daily offtake was 891 ml. The length of lactation of frequently milked cows was 372 (s.e. 7·96) days. Total lactation offtake was estimated at 305 I. Herd, parity level and year of calving differences were observed. Multiple regression analyses indicated that some of the variation in daily offtake could be explained by stage of lactation, season of milking, herd, parity and year of calving. An average total yield of 2·73 I/day was estimated for the first 90 days of lactation. Of this, approximately 0·4 was used for human consumption. Overall, seasonality was seen as the major variable influencing production.

138. Effect of Breed, Size of Cow, Yield of Milk and Stage of Lactation upon Efficiency of Milk Production

1936 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
The Relationship

The records of 2400 cows on test at the London Dairy Show between the years 1922 and 1934 have been examined for the relationship between the gross physiological efficiency of milk production and the factors of breed, size of cow within a breed, actual yield of milk and stage of lactation. (“Gross Efficiency” is here the ratio of energy in the milk to the energy in the digestible nutrients consumed.)(1) It is shown that among the best representatives of the various dairy breeds there is little difference in gross efficiency of milk production. The lactation stimulus has been bred approximately in proportion to the size of the breed.(2) Cows, in spite of their greater weight, are more efficient than heifers, and animals milked thrice daily than those milked twice daily.(3) Within the breed there is a slight though definite tendency for gross efficiency to decrease with increase in live weight.(4) Greater than any of the foregoing differences in gross efficiency is that which exists within a breed due to differences in actual milk yield.(5) Stage of lactation has also much to do with gross efficiency. There is a steady decline in efficiency with advance in lactation from 38·75 to 29·25 per cent.

The measurement of the effects of inherent and environmental factors on the lactose content of the milk of individual cows and of the herd bulk milk in a number of commercial herds

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Walsh ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
F. H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Lactation Period ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Effect Of Age

Summary(1) In a previous paper (Walsh, Rook & Dodd, 1968) a scheme was devised in which the potential milk lactose content for individual cows was predicted from the observed potassium-to-lactose ratio in the milk, and the difference between the predicted potential and the actual milk lactose contents was partitioned into effects due to age, changes with stage of lactation and inter-quarter difference. The scheme was based on repeated analyses for potassium and lactose of milk from the separate quarters of the udder of each animal at intervals throughout a single lactation, and was applied to 2 commercial herds. A simplified scheme, in which analyses are confined to milk secreted in mid-lactation and in which the measurement of the effect of changes with stage of lactation is omitted, has now been applied to a further 6 commercial herds. The results are reported here, together with those for the mid-lactation period for the 2 herds studied previously.(2) The potassium and lactose contents of the milk of uninfected quarters of the heifers in 4 of the 6 herds and of the second-lactation animals in the 5th herd, which had no heifers, were found to conform with the relationship established previously (Walsh & Rook, 1964) on which the prediction of potential lactose content is based. The values for heifers in the 6th herd did not conform, and the results for this herd are therefore not reported.(3) The range of herd mean values for SNF content was 8·17–8·62% and for lactose content 4·33–4·72%. The overall range for all herds for the predicted potential lactose content of the milk of individual cows was 5·06–5·71 (g/100g milk water). Herd mean values for predicted potential lactose content were, however, generally similar, ranging from 5·240 to 5·486 (g/100g milk water).(4) The range of values for individual cows and the herd mean values for the effects of age and inter-quarter difference showed important differences from herd to herd. Herd mean values for the effect of age varied from −0·028 to −0·266 (g/100g milk water), and there was a similar range, of −0·074 to −0·251 (g/100g milk water), for the effect of inter-quarter difference. In herds where the effect of age was high, the effect of inter-quarter difference also was high.(5) The effects of inter-quarter difference and of udder infections were similar. The loss in milk lactose content was about twice as high in quarters infected with streptococci as in quarters infected with staphylococci.(6) Estimates of herd values for potential lactose content and for the combined effects of age and inter-quarter difference based on analyses of herd bulk milk agreed with corresponding estimates based on analyses of the milk of individual animals within the herd.(7) The importance of variation in milk lactose content as a source of variation in SNF content and the relative importance of predicted potential lactose content and the effects of age and inter-quarter difference as a source of variation in milk lactose content are discussed.

scholarly journals The milk production and prolification of Saanen goats of various body condition and ages

2008 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Myrtill Kocsisné Gráff
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Difference

In our experiments we tried to find correlation between the age and the body condition of milking goats. We found that these factors significantly incluence the economic parameters of the goats; they have effect on their milk production and reproduction as well. Body condition is the lowest in case of the 3-5-year-old goats, whereas it is the highest in case of the 1-2-year-old. The highest number of kids (2.5) are produced by the 3-5-year-old, while the 1-2-year-old have the fewest kids. Lactation milk production is the highest in case of the 4-5-year-old animals, the lowest in the 1-2-year-old. The lactation period is the longest in case of the 3-4-year old animals in contrast to the younger. The difference is significant in each experiment.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows depending on breeding value of their progenitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
L. V. Ferenz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The influence of bullock`s different breeding value for reproductive ability and milk production of their  daughters were investigated. Established that the age of first productive insemination of heifers Ukrainian black spotted milk breed, was 17.5–18.6 months and age of first calving – 26.6–27.8 months. Heifers` live weight at the first insemination was 361.4–407.1 kg. During first lactation the highest productivity had daughters from parents with breeding value by milk yield more than 801 kg. In the first lactation wasn’t found significant difference in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with different breeding value. In the second lactation best indexes in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg and more than 801 kg. In the third, the highest lactation, these indexes were best for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg. The difference in milk yield during first lactation between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value 401–600 kg was 292 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value  with breeding value 601–800 kg  was 660.3 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value more than 801 kg was  920.8 kg In the second lactation this difference was 589.8 (Р < 0.001), 841.5 (Р < 0.001) і 894.4 (Р < 0.001) kg of milk, in the third, the highest lactation – 754.5 (Р < 0.001), 951.8 (Р < 0.001) і 1335.7 кг (Р < 0.001).

Milk production in Awassi and Hungarian Merino sheep in Iraq

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Karam ◽  
K. H. Juma ◽  
M. Al-Shabibi ◽  
J. Eliya ◽  
H. N. Abu Al-Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYOn the Abu-Ghraib Experiment Station, milk production was investigated in 31 Awassi ewes of different ages and 12 newly imported Hungarian Merino ewes, two years old, together with the effect of age, lactation period, number of lambs born and reared and stage of lactation on milk production in the Awassi ewes. The relationships between milk production, birth weight and weaning weight of lambs were also investigated.First-lactation milk yield during the suckling period (90 days) based on 12 h milking interval was 114·58 kg in the Merino and 75·29 kg in the Awassi.Age had no significant effect on milk production in Awassi ewes although first-lactation yield was lower than that from subsequent lactations. Ewes that produced and nursed twins gave significantly more milk than ewes that produced and nursed single lambs.Milk yield in Merino and Awassi ewes increased with the decrease of milking interval from 12 to 4 h. The correlation coefficients between milk yield during 12 and 4 h were positive and significant.Correlation coefficients between birth and weaning weights and milk production were positive in both breeds. The correlation coefficient between weaning weight and milk production was 0·78 in the Awassi (P <0·01) and 0·65 in the Merino (P <0·05). The multiple correlation coefficient between weaning weight and birth weight and milk production was 0·67 in the Awassi and 0·43 in the Merino.

Some production traits and phenotypic relationships betweenudder and production traits of Hair goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Atay ◽  
Özdal Gokdal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Production Characteristics

The study was conducted to determine the production characteristics and to find out the phenotypic relationships between udder and milk production traits in Hair goats. A total of 403 Hair Goats under extensive conditions of Çine town of Aydin province of Turkey were constituted the animal material of the study. The live weights of all goats were recorded just before breeding season. Milk was measured in every month according to the basis of morning or evening milking in a day to estimation of milk yields. Live weights of kids were recorded monthly intervals. Measurements for udder characteristics were determined for two times at 30th and at 180th of the lactation period. Average lactation length, lactation milk yield and daily milk yield of goats were 192.4 days, 139.1 kg and 0.7 kg, respectively. The live weights at birth, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of goat kids were 3.1, 8.6, 13.9, 19.1 and 24.5 kg, respectively. Mean values of withers height, body length and live weight of goats were measured as 73.2 cm, 71.3 cm and 54.5 kg, respectively. Udder and teat characteristics of goats were found positively correlated with milk production characteristics both 30th and 180th days of the lactation period. It can be concluded that Hair goats in extensive conditions had a substantial level of milk yield and their kids had sufficient levels of live weight gains. Furthermore, the udder measurements at the beginning of the lactation could be used for identifying the differences among does.

Body composition and performance of autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during lactation: food intake, milk constituent output and live weight

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 100-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D Sutton ◽  
K. Aston ◽  
D.E Beever ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Friesian Cows

The importance of measuring partition between body and milk in dairy cows and identifying the factors underlying it has long been recognised. However accurate measurements of partition In the body are few because of the difficulty and expense of the techniques.The purpose of the present experiment was to measure the effects in autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian cows given grass silage ad libitum of amount of concentrate and stage of lactation on body composition by direct (Gibb et al 1992a, b) and Indirect (Kings et al 1992) techniques, adipose tissue metabolism (Walsh et al 1992) and milk production. In a related trial, energy balance was measured in other cows by Indirect calorimetry (Cammell et al 1992).This report covers silage Intake, milk production and live-weight change. Communications on the associated studies are given in the Proceedings of this Meeting.

Effects of magnesium supplements on the digestion of forages and milk production of cows with hypomagnesaemia

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plasma Magnesium ◽  
Large Interaction

ABSTRACT1. Ground forages were digested in vitro in rumen liquor supplemented with four concentrations of magnesium as MgSO4-7H2O (5, 20, 80, 320mg Mg/1) to determine the effects of magnesium on organic matter digestibility. A medium concentration of magnesium (generally 80 mg/1) resulted in optimum digestion although there was a large interaction between forage type and the response to magnesium.2. Supplements of MgSO4-7H2O (2g Mg/day) increased the apparent digestibility of two types of hay fed to sheep, the difference being significant for poor quality hay (P<0·05).3. The milk production of hypomagnesaemic cows given supplementary magnesium either orally, by rectal infusion, or by subcutaneous injection was compared. Plasma magnesium concentrations were increased to a similar and significant extent (P<0·01 ) but a significant increase in milk and fat production occurred only in the orally treated cows (P<0·05).It was concluded that a dietary magnesium deficiency results in reduced rumen fermentation and hence poor production, as well as hypomagnesaemia. It was suggested that the effects on performance of other mineral deficiencies may also be mediated in part through depressions in rumen digestion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document