PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF DRINKS FROM FENUGREEK SEEDS

Background. Today, diabetes is one of the most common diseases with a steady upward trend. In particular in Ukraine it ranks 2nd among endocrine diseases in the number of patients. The annual growth of such patients averages 9.8–11 %. In the treatment of endocrine diseases, dietary nutrition aimed at normalizing metabolismis of great importance. It is recommended to add to the diet special, func­tionally-oriented foods based on biologically valuable raw materials. The aim of the workis to determine the physiological efficiency of drinks from fenugreek seeds. Materials and methods. The physiological effects of fenugreek seed drinks were determined from clinical trials involving 54 patients with type II diabetes and 40 patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Two groups of 32 patients who did not consume the product were also selected. Biochemical methods were used to assess the effect of the product on the correction of condition of patients according to the indicators of the general condition of patients, the indicator of the level of glucose and cholesterol in the blood.The assessment of physical and psycho-emotional states was conducted by a survey. Drink is a plant-based milk analogue from the fenugreek seeds is presented in a ready-to-drink form.Depending on the disease and the condition of the body, participants in clinical trials drank the developed drink daily at 200–400 cm3/day (1–2 times a day at 200 cm3) for 30–60 days together with an individually prescribed treatment package. Results. It was found that patients who consumed a drink of fenugreek seeds in addition to the main diet had a faster normalization of blood glucose levels, more pronounced improvement in physical condition, as well as a reduction in the overall duration of treatment than patients in the control group. There was an improvement in lipid metabolism in patients of both study groups who drank a plant-based milk analogue from fenugreek seeds, and patients have noted that consumption of the developed drink helped to improve the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.This can be explained by the large number of galactomannans in the fenugreek seeds, which promote the secretion of mucous substances during the production of the drink. Conclusion. The new plant-based milk analogue from fenugreek seeds helps to normalize blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and therefore can be recommended for use in dietary and therapeutic diets of people with diabetes and atherosclerosis during treatment and recovery. Taking into accountthe properties of fenugreek seeds, the developed product can be recommended to protect the organs of the gastrointestinal tract in these diseases and in general to normalize metabolism.

Up-to-date techniques for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons

Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstrained ranks second among occupational pathologies depending on an influencing adverse occupational factor. Given that, it seems vital and promising to develop industrial exoskeletons as they are able to protect a worker’s musculoskeletal system from excessive physical loads. And absence of a relative regulatory and technologic base is a challenge here as it imposes substantial limitations on industrial exoskeletons implementation in productions both in Russia and in other countries. A significant role in creating regulatory and technological base belongs to a possibility to accomplish an objective medical and biological examination of industrial exoskeletons safety and physiological efficiency. Developed and properly tested procedures for examining physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons will make a substantial contribution into a system of complex ergonomic tests accomplished at stages when exoskeletons are developed, created, and put into trial operation. The present paper dwells on up-to-date medical and biological procedures for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons. There are examples on using a «movement seizure» procedure performed with inertial sensors, ergospirometry, electromyography, and myotonometry for estimating physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons at a modeled working place. Results obtained via this research involving all the above mentioned procedures confirmed that it was safe and quite efficient to apply industrial exoskeletons for workers who had to deal with physical labor when performing work tasks similar to those used in developed models. Applied procedures can substantially enhance approaches to examining a worker’s functional state and obtained results will make a significant contribution into development of a regulatory and technological base for promising individual protection means used to protect the musculoskeletal system within the existing System of occupational safety standards.

Up-to-date techniques for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons

Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstrained ranks second among occupational pathologies depending on an influencing adverse occupational factor. Given that, it seems vital and promising to develop industrial exoskeletons as they are able to protect a worker’s musculoskeletal system from excessive physical loads. And absence of a relative regulatory and technologic base is a challenge here as it imposes substantial limitations on industrial exoskeletons implementation in productions both in Russia and in other countries. A significant role in creating regulatory and technological base belongs to a possibility to accomplish an objective medical and biological examination of industrial exoskeletons safety and physiological efficiency. Developed and properly tested procedures for examining physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons will make a substantial contribution into a system of complex ergonomic tests accomplished at stages when exoskeletons are developed, created, and put into trial operation. The present paper dwells on up-to-date medical and biological procedures for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons. There are examples on using a «movement seizure» procedure performed with inertial sensors, ergospirometry, electromyography, and myotonometry for estimating physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons at a modeled working place. Results obtained via this research involving all the above mentioned procedures confirmed that it was safe and quite efficient to apply industrial exoskeletons for workers who had to deal with physical labor when performing work tasks similar to those used in developed models. Applied procedures can substantially enhance approaches to examining a worker’s functional state and obtained results will make a significant contribution into development of a regulatory and technological base for promising individual protection means used to protect the musculoskeletal system within the existing System of occupational safety standards.

Effect of Phosphorus on Yield, Nutrient Acquisition and Use Efficiency of Groundnut in West Bengal, India

Background: Phosphorus is the crucial element to enhance yields as well bio-chemical properties namely protein and oil content in groundnut. Buildup of insoluble phosphates and chemical fixation in soil reduces phosphorus consumption ability in plants. Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can be increased with higher levels of phosphorus rate. The study was framed to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield, nutrient acquisition, use efficiency and bio-chemical compositions of groundnut. Methods: The experiment was conducted in summer seasons of 2016 and 2017, using split plot design with three varieties (‘JL-24’, ‘Gangapuri’, ‘TAG-24’) in main plot and four fertilization levels (0, 40, 60, 80kg P2O5 ha-1) in sub plots. Result: The study revealed that pod yield enhanced significantly by 15.4%, 27.3% and 39.9% with increase in fertilization rates from 40kg to 80kg ha-1 compare to unfertilized plots. Protein and oil content showed a positive response with phosphorus application. Agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and utilization efficiency were also increased with phosphorus rates, whereas, partial factor productivity, agro-physiological efficiency and physiological efficiency had decreasing trends. ‘Gangapuri’ gave higher pod yield (1.80t ha-1), protein (24.27%) and oil (45.41%) content than other selected varieties. Enhanced phosphorus rate also increases nutrient uptake in groundnut.

Short Communication Physiological Efficiency and N Recovery of Wheat Influenced by Different N Sources Under Naturally Salt-Affected Soil

A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of different N fertilizer sources (urea, nitrophos, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate) on the productivity of wheat (var. Inqlab) in naturally salt-affected soil (pH = 8.79; ECe = 6.46; Sandy loam). A significant difference was observed in wheat grain and straw yield with the application of different N sources. Maximum wheat grain and straw yields (3203 and 3489 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded when ammonium sulphate was applied. Various N sources followed the order: Ammonium sulphate > urea > calcium ammonium nitrate and/or nitrophos. Comparatively higher N uptake by wheat (117.26 and 114.00 kg/ha) was observed with Ammonium sulphate and urea application, respectively. Similarly, maximum N recovery was observed with both these N sources followed by nitrophos, and calcium ammonium nitrate. However, the highest physiological efficiency (14.29 kg/kg fertilizer applied) was noted with the application of ammonium sulphate.

Salinity-triggered compositional and metabolic responses of autotrophic prokaryotes in Tibetan lacustrine sediments

Background Autotrophic prokaryotes are crucial participants in the global carbon cycle, and autotrophic carbon fixation contributes approximately 50% of the global net primary production in aquatic ecosystems per year. Salinity is a prominent regulator structuring microbial communities in diverse aquatic ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding the compositional and physiological response of autotrophic microbial communities to salinity change. Here, we used genome-resolved metagenomics to study autotrophic microbial communities in 25 Tibetan lacustrine sediments with a salinity gradient (from 0.54‰ to 82.6‰). Results117 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with carbon fixation potential belonging to 12 phyla were retrieved, of which approximately 21% were not affiliated with the known orders, suggesting taxonomically diverse autotrophic assemblages in sediments. The total abundance of these putative autotrophs decreased significantly with increasing salinity, and the variation of sediment autotrophic communities was mainly driven by salinity, pH and TOC. Notably, a change in the predominant lineage from Betaproteobacteria to Deltaproteobacteria was observed along the salinity gradient, and the dominant pathway for carbon fixation shifted from the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle to more energy efficient Wood-Lungdahl (WL) pathway with glycolysis from Entner-Doudoroff to more exergonic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, demonstrating that the physiological efficiency increases from freshwater to hypersaline autotrophic communities. Metabolic inference revealed major links for carbon fixation to the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds, ferrous iron and carbon monoxide, denitrification and nitrogen fixation in these MAGs, as well as the occurrence of dissimilatory sulfate reduction and the WL pathway dominating hypersaline sediments, greatly extending the understanding of metabolic versatility and diverse ecological niches of autotrophic microorganisms. Conclusions This study provided a systematic attempt to characterize the response of carbon fixation pathways to salinity and the knowledge essential for revealing ecological roles of autotrophic prokaryotes in aquatic habitats. These findings suggest with increased salinity, physiological efficiency of the autotrophic community increases, which has important implications for understanding the carbon budget in aquatic ecosystems.

Economics, PUE and P balance as influenced by different P levels and P fertilization with AM fungi to rabi maize and summer green crop sequence

The relative the maximum agronomical phosphorus use efficiency was recorded (18.0 kg/kg) with the T8F1 treated plot. While the physiological efficiency was higher (205.8, 204.9, 204.8 and 200.9 kg/kg) with the application of T12F1, T6F1, T14F2 and T13F1 treated plots, respectively. The phosphorus use efficiency was maximum (40.8 kg/kg) with the application of T8F1. Highest net monetary returns from maize were (T8, 58390 /h followed by (T5, 57817 /ha), (T10, 55756 /ha) and (T14, 55348/ha). The highest net returns from green gram 76808 per hectare with B:C ratio of 3.8 was observed under the treatment T8F1 followed by treatment T8F2 with net returns of 69676 per hectare and B:C ratio of 3.4. The lowest net realization of 14905 and 14818 per hectare and B:C ratio of 0.7 was noted under T2F1 and T2F2 plots. on the basis of maize equelvent yield the maximium net returns was recorded under treatment T8 131632 follwed by T10, 119881 and T14, 117446 while B:C ratio was higher under treatment T10 (3.1) fallowed by treatment T8 (3.0). The highest balance of available P2O5 was recorded after harvesting green gram with the addition of (T8F1) and (T8F2) treatments respectively fallowed (T7F2), (F5F1), and (T5F2) treatments respectively.

Nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice genotypes under LCC- based N application during summer

A field experiment was undertaken at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, OUAT Bhubaneswar to study the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to LCC based nitrogen application under Real Time Nitrogen Management (RTNM) during summer 2015 in split plot design with three replications. Four varieties (V1- Lalat, V2- Naveen, V3- Hiranmayee and V4- Gobinda) were in main plot and sub plots were assigned with six N- management practices (N1- Control, N2- RDN@ 80 kg N ha-1 while in treatment N3 to N6, 20 kg N was applied in each split at LCC level 3 ( N3), LCC level 4( N4), LCC level 5(N5) and LCC level 6 (N6). A uniform dose of phosphorous and potassium @ 40 kg ha-1 each along with well decomposed FYM @ 5t ha-1 were applied to all the plots as basal. Nitrogen uptake was maximum (88.59 kg ha-1) in variety Naveen, whereas, the variety Gobinda had maximum agronomic efficiency (24.12 kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (37.23 kg kg-1), physiological efficiency (53.33 kg kg-1) and partial factor productivity (44.58 kg kg-1).Application of RDF resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen (94.20 kg ha-1) and registered the highest agronomic efficiency (32.86 kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (55.40 kg ka-1)and partial factor productivity (65.61 kg ka-1). The highest physiological efficiency of 63.93 kg ha-1 and minimum N loss of 29.35 kg ha-1 was recorded forLCC 4 (N4) threshold value.