Effects of planting density and plant arrangement pattern on growth and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in mixtures

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryThe growth and development of maize and soya bean when grown in mixtures in different proportions and arrangements were studied at Samaru (11° 11' N, 38° E) and Yandev (07° 23' N, 09° 10' E) in the savannah belts of Nigeria. The crops were sown in both pure and mixed stands. The pure-stand densities were 513 plants/m2 for maize and 20·15 plants/m2 for soya bean. Mixtures were made in three proportions: additive (100:100), containing 100% of the sole crop population of each crop; semi-additive (67:67), containing 67% of each crop's sole population; and replacement (67:33 and 33:67), containing 67% of one crop's population to the other's 33%. The mixtures were formed either on the same ridge (in-ridge) or on different ridges (alternate ridge).Maize grain yield at Samuru was not significantly reduced in mixtures except where its proportion was reduced to 33% of its sole crop density. Seed yields in soya bean were significantly reduced in all mixtures, and when associated with maize density of not greater than 67%, soya bean was capable of 50% of its sole crop yield. At Yandev, late planting coupled with inadequate rainfall in the month following planting depressed seed yields in both crops, the sole crop yields being only 1·53 t/ha in maize and 0·24 t/ha in soya bean. Also maize appeared to be adversely affected in the mixtures at this location, the yields being significantly reduced in the mixtures irrespective of planting ratios.All mixtures, except 100:100 at Yandev, proved beneficial by producing land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater than one, while 67:67 proportions made higher gross returns than any of the sole crops at Samaru. In this experiment moderately high populations of each crop were found to be necessary to obtain beneficial yields from the mixtures. In this regard semi-additive mixtures, with 67% of each crop's pure stand population, appeared most appropriate.Incidence of maize streak was significantly lower in alternate ridge mixtures; otherwise the crop in the mixtures seemed to be little affected by pattern of plant arrangement; while soya bean was quite sensitive, its flowering and podding being significantly delayed in in-ridge mixtures at Yandev. The legume yields in this mixture were also slightly, though not significantly, adversely affected. Thus alternate ridge arrangement was more favourable.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production of tropical grasses in Kenya. 4. The effect of fertilizer and planting density on Chloris gayana cv. Mbarara.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Germinable Seed

Rhodes grass sown broadcast or in rows 25-100 cm apart at 0.2-1.8 kg pure germinable seed/ha was given 0-80 kg seedbed P2O5 and 0-200 kg N/ha for each seed crop. Yields of DM in the establishment year were significantly higher at high seed rates and close spacing, whereas yields of clean seed were decreased from 145 kg/ha (50-cm rows) at the lowest seed rate to 110 kg/ha at the highest. Seed yields were highest, 160 kg/ha, from broadcast sowings at 1 kg/ha. Yields of pure germinable seed were not significantly affected by treatment. In 6 seed crops taken after establishment, the only factor of importance for seed yield was N; yields of pure germinable seed increased from 6.2 kg/ha without N to 36.7-41.0 kg/ha at 100 kg N/ha and 41.2-43.2 kg/ha at 150 kg N/ha. DM yields from these 6 crops were higher at the wider row spacings. Increased N and wider spacing accelerated the onset of heading. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Comparative analysis of the growth, development and yield of three soya-bean varieties (Glycine max L.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
High Seed Yield

SUMMARYThe growth, development and yield of three soya-bean varieties, Hampton, Kent and CNS, were compared in two field experiments during 1974 and 1975 in Nigeria. The results, which were similar for both years, showed that the varieties differed significantly in the order Hampton > Kent > CNS for the development per plant of leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes, number of mature pods, number of seeds, pod and seed yields, husk dry weight and seed to husk ratio as well as seed yield per hectare. The differences between the varieties in seed yield could be genetic but leaf area development seems important as well. Hampton therefore appears to have the potential for high seed yield under the prevailing local conditions.

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Seed Yields

<p>Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N &gt; FRT &gt; ASH &gt; CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg<sup>-1</sup> of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.</p>

Genotype Effects in Millet/Cowpea Intercropping in the Semi-arid Tropics of Niger

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Reddy ◽  
J. van der Ploeg ◽  
I. Maga
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Genotype Effects

SUMMARYThree pearl millet and three cowpea genotypes were examined in intercropping systems on deep sandy soils in Niger between 1984 and 1987. The intercropped pearl millet genotypes usually produced at least 80% of their sole crop yields when the cowpea was planted two or more weeks after the pearl millet. The early maturing and spreading cowpea genotype contributed most to LER. All cowpea genotypes yielded more when planted in association with dwarf rather than the traditional tall pearl millet genotypes because they received more light.

Effect of Panchagavya, Humic Acid and Micro herbal Fertilizer on the Yield and Post Harvest Soil of Soya Bean (Glycine max L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vijayakuma ◽  
R. Hiranmai Yadav ◽  
P. Gowri ◽  
L.S. Kandari
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals Planting Density and Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars Effects on Yield Components in the Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Priscila Pereira Sacramento ◽  
Letícia Cunha da Hungria ◽  
Jamil Chaar El-Husny ◽  
Luis De Souza Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density and cultivar of soybean on yield components in the southeast Amazon. The experiment was carried out in an Oxisol, with a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. The treatments were two soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8990 RR) and four planting densities (13, 15, 18 and 20 plants m-1), with three replications. First pod insertion height (IFP), plant height (H), number of pods per plant (NPP), grain yield (Y) and weight of 100 grains (W100) were evaluated. The insertion height of the first pod showed a tendency of increase with the increment of plants per linear meter for cultivar BRS 8990 RR, different of the behavior observed for the cultivar BRS 9090 RR, which only showed difference when the density of 300.000 plants ha-1 was tested. For plant height, among soybean cultivars, there was only difference in D400, with BRS 8990 RR showing a maximum height of 83.3 cm, 21% higher than BRS 9090 RR. When evaluated under D350, BRS 8990 RR showed an increase of 13% in the number of pods compared to BRS 9090 RR. Both cultivars showed linear behavior for the grain yield, increasing according the plant population, with the highest grain yield obtained under the density of 400.000 plants ha-1 (4527.3 kg ha-1). The weight of 100 grains was not influenced by any variation factor.

scholarly journals Diagnosing the Climatic and Agronomic Dimensions of Rain-Fed Oat Yield Gaps and Their Restrictions in North and Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Jiangang Liu ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Gaps

Confronted with the great challenges of globally growing populations and food shortages, society must achieve future food security by increasing grain output and narrowing the gap between potential yields and farmers’ actual yields. This study attempts to diagnose the climatic and agronomic dimensions of oat yield gaps and further to explore their restrictions. A conceptual framework was put forward to analyze the different dimensions of yield gaps and their limiting factors. We quantified the potential yield (Yp), attainable yield (Yt), experimental yield (Ye), and farmers’ actual yield (Ya) of oat, and evaluated three levels of yield gaps in a rain-fed cropping system in North and Northeast China (NC and NEC, respectively). The results showed that there were great differences in the spatial distributions of the four kinds of yields and three yield gaps. The average yield gap between Yt and Ye (YG-II) was greater than the yield gap between Yp and Yt (YG-I). The yield gap between Ye and Ya (YG-III) was the largest among the three yield gaps at most sites, which indicated that farmers have great potential to increase their crop yields. Due to non-controllable climatic conditions (e.g., light and temperature) for obtaining Yp, reducing YG-I is extremely difficult. Although YG-II could be narrowed through enriching soil nutrients, it is not easy to improve soil quality in the short term. In contrast, narrowing YG-III is the most feasible for farmers by means of introducing high-yield crop varieties and optimizing agronomic managements (e.g., properly adjusting sowing dates and planting density). This study figured out various dimensions of yield gaps and investigated their limiting factors, which should be helpful to increase farmers’ yields and regional crop production, as long as these restrictions are well addressed.

Soya Bean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Genotype Response to Early-season Flooding: I. Root and Nodule Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Henshaw ◽  
R. A. Gilbert ◽  
J. M. S. Scholberg ◽  
T. R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Genotype Response

EFFECTS OF INOCULATION AND FERTILIZER N LEVELS ON N2 FIXATION AND YIELDS OF SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST SEMU ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nodule Efficiency

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) often do not give yield responses to added fertilizer nitrogen (N) because high soil N levels inhibit fixation of atmospheric N2. Yield responses to N fertilizer applied at planting usually indicate that N2 fixation is less than optimal. The effects of inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum, and fertilizer N levels, on soybean N2(C2H2) fixation and seed yields in Ontario were investigated in ’ 1976 and 1977. Three locations were used each year, representing areas where soybeans had been grown for many years (Ridgetown), for only a few years (Elora), or not at all (Woodstock). Treatments were (a) Uninoculated + 0 N, (b–e) Inoculated + 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N/ha. Results indicated that inoculation increased seed yields only when soybeans were introduced into new areas. Fertilizer N applications at planting time did not increase yields in areas where soybeans had been grown several times previously, indicating that N2 fixation could support maximum yields. Nodule number and mass, and N2(C2H2) fixation rates were all decreased by fertilizer N. An increase in nodule efficiency, later in the season, in high N treatments was most marked at Ridgetown.

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