The control of bacterial blight in rain-grown cotton. II. Some effects of infection on growth and yield

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Three series of experiments are described from which minimum estimates of crop loss caused by bacterial blight were obtained. In the first two, the estimates were derived from seed-dressing trials, and in the third, seed dressing was used in conjunction with resistant varieties.Losses amounted to as much as 354 ± 39 lb. seed cotton/acre for a susceptible variety but could be reduced both by seed dressing and by using resistant varieties. The effectiveness of resistance in moderately resistant varieties varied from one season to the next, an effect comparable with the genotype-environment interactions previously described for reactions to inoculation.

scholarly journals Exploring of bacterial blight resistance in landraces, mining of resistant gene(s) and genetic divergence of resistant germplasm through molecular markers and quantitative traits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽  
Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad ◽  
Md. Al-Imran Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Ahasan Hossain ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Bacterial blight, one of the oldest and severe diseases of rice poses a major threat towards global rice production and food security. Thereafter, sustainable management of this disease has given paramount importance globally. In the current study, we explored 792 landraces to evaluate their disease reaction status against three highly virulent strains ( BXo69 , BXo87 and BXo93 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ). Subsequently, we intended to identify the possible candidate resistant ( R ) genes responsible for the resistant reaction using six STS markers correspond to Xa4 , xa5 , Xa7 , xa13 , Xa21 and Xa23 genes and finally, we evaluated morphological and molecular diversity of the potential bacterial blight resistant germplasm using quantitative traits and ISSR markers. Based on pathogenicity test, a single germplasm was found as highly resistant while, 33 germplasm were resistant and 40 were moderately resistant. Further molecular study on these 74 germplasm divulged that 41 germplasm carried Xa4 gene, 15 carried xa5 gene, 62 carried Xa7 gene, 33 carried xa13 gene, and 19 carried Xa23 gene. Only a single germplasm consisted of Xa21 gene. Interestingly, we found a wide range of gene combinations ranged from 2 to 4 genes among the germplasm resistant to bacterial blight and G3 genotype (Acc. No. 4216; highly resistant) having Xa4 , Xa7 , xa13 , Xa21 and G43 genotype (Acc. No. 1523; resistant) having Xa4 , xa5 , xa13 and Xa23 gene combination being the most effective against all the Xoo strains. Nonetheless, UPGMA dendrogram and heatmap analysis based on quantitative traits identified two important clusters viz. cluster-III and cluster-VIII with multiple desired traits However, genetic similarity based on ISSR marker data pointed out 3 germplasm, namely, G20 (Acc. No. 4004; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13 genes), G17 (Acc. No. 3981; contained Xa7, xa13 genes) and G6 (Acc. No. 991; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13, Xa23 genes) having comparatively lower genetic similarity (0.30, 0.37 and 0.38, respectively) with elite variety BRRI dhan28. Notably, Mantle test of molecular and morphological data indicated that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.113) between them.  The outcome of this study would enrich and diversify the rice gene pool and would be useful for the development of durable bacterial blight resistant varieties.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE GENETIC RESOURCE AGAINST BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF COTTON IN PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Muhammad A. Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Susceptible Response

Bacterial leaf Blight of cotton a major seed borne foliar disease that attacks the crop at all growth stages leading to cause severe losses in conducive environment. To find out best source of resistance against pathogen this research was conducted in the field area Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Incidence of bacterial blight of cotton was determined on twenty eight varieties/advanced lines sown in field to determine the resistance resource against the disease. Two years data showed that seventeen varieties (BT-Z-33, BT-S-78, BT-786, BT-A-ONE, BT -282, BT-886, BT-3701, BT-SPECIAL, BT-802, Non Bt-FH 901, BT-92, BT-131, BT-905, BT-SUPPER, Non Bt-MNH 496, Non Bt-FH 1000, and BT-121) expressed moderately resistant response with 21-50 % disease incidence (rating 4). Five varieties viz. Non Bt-FH 207, Non BT-N 112, Non BT-FH 942, Non BT-MNH 6070 and Non Bt-FH 941exhibited moderately susceptible response with 51-70% disease incidence under rating 5. Four varieties namely Non BT-N 814, Non Bt-FH 900, Non BT-ANMOL and Non Bt-FH 2015 showed susceptible response with 71-80% disease incidence (rating 6) while Non BT-REDACOLA and Non BT-C 26 expressed highly susceptible response with disease incidence 81-100% rating 7 against bacterial blight disease of cotton. Results indicate that a wide range of resistant resource is present in Pakistan against the disease. The selection of diverse germplasm/resistant varieties through screening is the most efficient, environment friendly and economical management strategy for farmers against this disease.

scholarly journals Preferensi Wereng Batang Cokelat terhadap Varietas Padi dan Ketahanan Varietas Padi terhadap Virus Kerdil Hampa

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suprihanto Suprihanto ◽  
Susamto Somowiyarjo ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Rice Ragged Stunt Virus

<p>Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) is transmitted by brown planthopper in the persistent manner. This disease in recent years has become a serious problem in Indonesia and some other countries, such as China, Vietnam, Philippines, and Thailand. Disease control is usually conducted by the vector control using insecticides, so often causes an environmental pollution. An alternative control method is using the environmentally friendly of resistant varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of preference of brown planthopper (BPH) to some varieties and rice germplasms, the resistance of several varieties against rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) disease and its effectiveness as an inoculum source of virus (RRSV). A total of 15 varieties of rice were used in preference test of BPH and resistance test to RRSV. The test for resistance varieties to RRSV was conducted by transmission of 2nd instar of BPH for 3 days of acquisition feeding period, 10 days incubation period and 24 hours inoculation period with population density of 3 BPH/plant. Disease index was calculated and used to determine the level of plant resistance. Varieties that showed resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible responses were selected and were used as a source of inoculum to be transmitted on to TN1 variety susceptible check variety to know the effectiveness of varieties as source of virus inoculum. The results showed that of the 15 varieties tested, Situ Bagendit, Utri Merah, Mentik Wangi, Mahsuri, and Inpari 1 each was less favored by BPH to settle and to multiply. Mentik Wangi, Tetep, Utri Merah, and Swarnalata each showed resistant response to RRSV. Transmission test to susceptible variety (TN1) showed that the variety of Situ Bagendit, Inpari 13, Mentik Wangi, and Tetep each has a fairly low effectiveness as a source of inoculum as indicated by the lower percentage of infection and disease index on the transmited test plants.</p>

scholarly journals Identification of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice landraces from Yunnan Province, China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caimei Zhao ◽  
Fuyou Yin ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Dingqin Li ◽  
Suqin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractBacterial blight (BB), a serious bacterial disease caused by pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) affects rice growth and yield. Yunnan Province is regarded as a center of rice diversity in China and indeed the world, and has abundant rice landrace resources, which may offer prospective candidate donors in rice improvement and breeding. In this study, a set of 200 rice landraces were evaluated to determine their resistance to 10 pathogenic Xoo strains resistance by the leaf-clipping method. The results indicated that the tested rice landraces had different resistance levels against different Xoo strains. Multiple comparisons showed that the Xoo strain PXO99 was virulent to the tested rice landraces. Sixty-six rice landraces conferred resistance against at least one Xoo strain. These resistant rice landraces screened were then performed the presence of 14 cloned BB resistance genes by closely linked molecular markers and designed specific primers. The results showed that none of these resistant accessions contained xa13, Xa21, Xa27, and Xa45(t) homologous fragments, while 9, 24, 4, 7, 9, 15, 1, 5, 4 and 27 accessions contained Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments, respectively. Sequence analysis further revealed that nucleotide variations around functional nucleotide polymorphisms region were observed within these accessions containing the Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments. These results along with phenotypic resistance spectrum supported that these accessions carried nine resistance homologous genes. Only one accession (Qishanggu_Wenshan) carried the Xa7 resistance gene. We also found that some resistant rice landraces, especially Xilandigu_Baoshan, and Laoyaling_Lincang without the above resistance genes, which mediated broad spectrum resistance to multiple Xoo strains, were identified as potential sources for breeding rice lines resistance to BB.

scholarly journals Resistance Response of Maize Germplasm to Downy Mildew [Peronosclerospora philipinensis]

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Syahrir Pakki ◽  
Mappaganggang Mappaganggang
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>Two experiments to study responses of resistance of maize germplasm to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philipinensis) have been conducted. Both experiments were arranged in randomized block design with two replication. The treatments in each experiment (2014 and 2016) were 70 maize accessions. The accessions were planted in planting distant of 75 cm × 20 cm, in 5 m rows, resulting in 20 plants per row. In every 10 rows, two check varieties were planted, i.e. one susceptible and one resistant variety. Ten days prior to planting, the soil was fertilized with mixed fertilizers consisted of urea, ZA, SP36, and KCl at a dose of 100, 100, 100, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Fertilization II and III was given at 30 days after planting, and 45 days after planting with a dose of 100 kg urea/ha. As a source of inoculum downy mildew, around the repeated plot was planted with varieties Anoman variety (susceptible variety) that was inoculated with a suspension of downy mildew pathogen. Observation was conducted at 25, 35, and 55 days after planting, with the standard score of resistant to downy mildew, followed: 0–10% = resistant, 11–25% = moderately resistant, 26–50% = moderately susceptible, &gt;50% = susceptible. The result of the experiments showed that there were 5 accessions resistant to downy mildew (P. philipinensis), i.e. CML 440×MR4-9-30-3, 664, 60, 572, and 554 with the intensity of downy mildew infection ranged from 5 to 10%. Twelve other accessions were classified as moderately resistant, i.e. CML 440×MR4-9-98-2, 440×MR4-9-98-4 CML, CML 440×MR4-9-124-1, 66, 71, 319, 108, 73, 48, 105, 554, and 682 with intensity of infection ranged from 13 to 25%. At the same experiments, the average intensity of downy mildew infection on susceptible check varieties reached 100 percent.</p>

scholarly journals Environmentally Induced Variability in the Host Reaction of Barley to Net Blotch

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Khan ◽  
WJR Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties

The host reaction of two Ethiopian and four Manchurian resistant varieties, and one susceptible variety of barley to isolate 177 of Drechslera teres was studied under a range of environmental conditions. The effects were specific to the variety(ies) used, with the exception of the factor of post-inoculation temperature. High post-inoculation temperatures brought about the breakdown of resistance in all the varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) using resistance genes linked markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khannetah K. R . ◽  
Ramchander S. ◽  
Andrew Peter Leon M. T ◽  
Shobha D. ◽  
Saravanan S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Among rice ( Oryza sativa L.) diseases, bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryza pv. Oryzae , plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. BB is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of bacterial blight resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 . Disease screening was carried out under glasshouse conditions using a BB culture isolated from BB-infected rice fields through the leaf clipping method. Analyses of 13 BB resistance genes linked with polymorphic microsatellites markers indicated the presence of single-, two-, three- and four-gene combinations of xa5, xa13, Xa4 and Xa21 . We found four accessions to be resistant; 34 accessions to be moderately resistant; 49 accessions to be moderately susceptible and 13 accessions to be susceptible. Among the resistant lines, IR12L110, Namcheonbyeo, Dhalaheera and SahbhagiDhan recorded a minimum lesion length of 3.7cm, 4.2cm, 4.67cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using molecular data, grouped the rice germplasm into four major clusters. R genes xa 5 and Xa4 contributed 14 positive compatible R genes, each belonging to 28 germplasm for BB resistance. The potential genetic resources identified as resistant to BB can be used as donors for the improvement of rice BB resistance in rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Resistance of Chinese asters (Callistephus chinensis Nees.) to Fusarium wilts (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi (Beach) Snyder and Hansen) evaluated using artificial inoculations

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nečas ◽  
F. Kobza
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Fusarium Wilts

The resistance of Chinese asters to <I>Fusarium</I> wilt was tested by artificially inoculating the root systems. A mixture of <I>Fusarium</I> isolates was prepared with a concentration of about 10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>9</sup> propagules per litre of the pathogen. 63 cultivars of both domestic and foreign origin were evaluated in the 1<sup>st</sup> year, 95 in the 2<sup>nd</sup> year and 89 in the 3<sup>rd</sup> year. Clear, statistically valid differences in mortality, both with experiments involving artificial inoculations and considering natural infections, make it possible to divide aster varieties into three groups based in their resistance to infections. The first set can be described as resistant. This includes the Matsumoto, Einf. Madeleine and Americká kráska series, and several others. The second set can be described as being moderately resistant. This includes the Chryzantémokvěté and Standy series, and the cultivars Matsumoto Pink, Princes Armida and Jitka. The third set can be described as sensitive. This includes the Průhonický trpaslík, Jehlicovité and Pastel series and several others. A statistical analysis of the results shows that the Einf. Madeleine series of cultivars is the most resistant to <I>Fusarium</I> wilt. This series is phenotypically similar to the original botanical species. Resistance was evaluated by recording the differences in mortality rates between artificially-inoculated plants and non-inoculated group (controls).

scholarly journals Direct and Residual Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Potato-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Tarafder ◽  
MQ Haque ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Boro Rice

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) sub-staion, Tajhat, Ranpure, using potato-Boro-T. aman rice cropping pattern with an objective to evaluate the direct and residual effects of sulphur and zinc on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the crops. The surface soil was sandy loam texture, pH 6.3, organic matter 1.24%, available sulphur 6.62 ppm and available zinc 0.45 ppm. The experiment comprised of eight treatments for potato S15Zn2 (T2, T4 and T8, S8Zn1 (T5 and T6)and S0Zn0 (T1, T3 and T7), for boro rice S20Zn4 (T3, T5, T6 and T7) and S0Zn0 (T1, T3, T4 and T6). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Average tuber yield of potato (var. cardinal) varied from 28.29 to 32.86 t ha-1 with the highest yield in S15Zn2 treatment (100% recommended dose) and the lowest was in the S0Zn0 treatment (control). In the second crop (Boro rice), growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yields responded significantly to S and Zn applied either in the first crop or in both crops. The average grain yield varied from 3.51 to 5.27 t ha-1 over the treatments. In the third crop (T. aman rice), the grain and straw yields responded significantly to S and Zn applied either in the first and second crop or in the third crops. The grain yield of T. aman rice varied from 2.96 to 4.46 t ha-1 over the treatments. The growth and yield contributing characters were also significantly influenced by the treatment. There was a significant direct and residual effect of the treatments on S and Zn uptake by the crops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.16987 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 33 - 38, 2008 

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