scholarly journals EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE GENETIC RESOURCE AGAINST BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF COTTON IN PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Muhammad A. Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Susceptible Response

Bacterial leaf Blight of cotton a major seed borne foliar disease that attacks the crop at all growth stages leading to cause severe losses in conducive environment. To find out best source of resistance against pathogen this research was conducted in the field area Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Incidence of bacterial blight of cotton was determined on twenty eight varieties/advanced lines sown in field to determine the resistance resource against the disease. Two years data showed that seventeen varieties (BT-Z-33, BT-S-78, BT-786, BT-A-ONE, BT -282, BT-886, BT-3701, BT-SPECIAL, BT-802, Non Bt-FH 901, BT-92, BT-131, BT-905, BT-SUPPER, Non Bt-MNH 496, Non Bt-FH 1000, and BT-121) expressed moderately resistant response with 21-50 % disease incidence (rating 4). Five varieties viz. Non Bt-FH 207, Non BT-N 112, Non BT-FH 942, Non BT-MNH 6070 and Non Bt-FH 941exhibited moderately susceptible response with 51-70% disease incidence under rating 5. Four varieties namely Non BT-N 814, Non Bt-FH 900, Non BT-ANMOL and Non Bt-FH 2015 showed susceptible response with 71-80% disease incidence (rating 6) while Non BT-REDACOLA and Non BT-C 26 expressed highly susceptible response with disease incidence 81-100% rating 7 against bacterial blight disease of cotton. Results indicate that a wide range of resistant resource is present in Pakistan against the disease. The selection of diverse germplasm/resistant varieties through screening is the most efficient, environment friendly and economical management strategy for farmers against this disease.

scholarly journals Exploring of bacterial blight resistance in landraces, mining of resistant gene(s) and genetic divergence of resistant germplasm through molecular markers and quantitative traits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽  
Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad ◽  
Md. Al-Imran Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Ahasan Hossain ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Bacterial blight, one of the oldest and severe diseases of rice poses a major threat towards global rice production and food security. Thereafter, sustainable management of this disease has given paramount importance globally. In the current study, we explored 792 landraces to evaluate their disease reaction status against three highly virulent strains ( BXo69 , BXo87 and BXo93 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ). Subsequently, we intended to identify the possible candidate resistant ( R ) genes responsible for the resistant reaction using six STS markers correspond to Xa4 , xa5 , Xa7 , xa13 , Xa21 and Xa23 genes and finally, we evaluated morphological and molecular diversity of the potential bacterial blight resistant germplasm using quantitative traits and ISSR markers. Based on pathogenicity test, a single germplasm was found as highly resistant while, 33 germplasm were resistant and 40 were moderately resistant. Further molecular study on these 74 germplasm divulged that 41 germplasm carried Xa4 gene, 15 carried xa5 gene, 62 carried Xa7 gene, 33 carried xa13 gene, and 19 carried Xa23 gene. Only a single germplasm consisted of Xa21 gene. Interestingly, we found a wide range of gene combinations ranged from 2 to 4 genes among the germplasm resistant to bacterial blight and G3 genotype (Acc. No. 4216; highly resistant) having Xa4 , Xa7 , xa13 , Xa21 and G43 genotype (Acc. No. 1523; resistant) having Xa4 , xa5 , xa13 and Xa23 gene combination being the most effective against all the Xoo strains. Nonetheless, UPGMA dendrogram and heatmap analysis based on quantitative traits identified two important clusters viz. cluster-III and cluster-VIII with multiple desired traits However, genetic similarity based on ISSR marker data pointed out 3 germplasm, namely, G20 (Acc. No. 4004; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13 genes), G17 (Acc. No. 3981; contained Xa7, xa13 genes) and G6 (Acc. No. 991; contained Xa4, Xa7, xa13, Xa23 genes) having comparatively lower genetic similarity (0.30, 0.37 and 0.38, respectively) with elite variety BRRI dhan28. Notably, Mantle test of molecular and morphological data indicated that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.113) between them.  The outcome of this study would enrich and diversify the rice gene pool and would be useful for the development of durable bacterial blight resistant varieties.

scholarly journals The Pressure of Fusarium Disease and Its Relation with Mycotoxins in The Wheat Grain and Malt

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Bojan Sarkanj
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Type I Resistance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat fungal diseases, causing yield loss, quality reduction, and accumulation of mycotoxins. The aim of this research was to summarize the occurrence of major Fusarium mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) in two consecutive years to search the relationship between disease incidence and severity with mycotoxins found in control and inoculated grains and corresponding malt. In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in one-year research was measured. Tested wheat varieties showed infection scores of 3% (‘U1’ and ‘Sirban Prolifik’) to 79% (‘Golubica’) for Type I resistance evaluation. There were few moderately resistant varieties in view of their areas under the disease progress curve, which can be considered Type III resistance (‘Sirban Prolifik’ and ‘U1’). According to the data quantified by LC–MS/MS, DON decreased in infected malt in comparison to corresponding grain, while ZEN occurred only in infected malt samples. Both 3-AcDON and NIV increased in inoculated malt in comparison to corresponding grain, due to a combination of plant metabolism and de novo synthesis by molds during malting. Based on the results, we can draw a few conclusions: the resistance to Fusarium decreased quantified concentrations of DON; ZEN gets synthetized during malting; unregulated 3-AcDON and NIV increase during malting; more resistant varieties have converted DON to D3G more successfully. Modified mycotoxins should be also included to legislation, since they could be transformed back to the corresponding mycotoxins under food processing conditions or during digestion.

The control of bacterial blight in rain-grown cotton. II. Some effects of infection on growth and yield

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Three series of experiments are described from which minimum estimates of crop loss caused by bacterial blight were obtained. In the first two, the estimates were derived from seed-dressing trials, and in the third, seed dressing was used in conjunction with resistant varieties.Losses amounted to as much as 354 ± 39 lb. seed cotton/acre for a susceptible variety but could be reduced both by seed dressing and by using resistant varieties. The effectiveness of resistance in moderately resistant varieties varied from one season to the next, an effect comparable with the genotype-environment interactions previously described for reactions to inoculation.

Identification and Screening of Introduced Tomato Varieties Resistant to late Blight

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3472-3477
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xi Chun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Han Wen
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato late blight disease that infected by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary has already become one of the main obstacles that influence the tomato production. To resolve tomato late blight disease, cultivating the disease-resistant breed is importance. Based on the previous study, different introduced varieties were used as materials in this test for the identification and varieties selection of tomato resistant to late blight, by measuring the DIS of inoculated seedlings and detached leaves. It indicated that Jingle 502 and O-33-1 are possible to become resistant varieties to late blight or the parents for cultivating new disease resistant varieties.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHILLI LINES / VARIETIES TOWARDS CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH VECTOR CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Hussain ◽  
Khalid Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Atiq
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Chilli Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Susceptible Response ◽  
Leaf Curl

                                                                  Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a serious problem for chilli production in Pakistan and India. In this study, fourteen different chilli lines / varieties were screened for their resistance/susceptibility towards ChiLCV in open field trials. Data of disease severity and disease incidence was recorded on weekly basis. Out of all varieties screened, Tatapuri Chilli and CH111 showed high susceptibility towards the chilli leaf curl disease. Talhari, CH 99, CH103, CH 106, CH107, CH108, CH109, GSL111 showed susceptible response whereas CBS1292 showed moderately susceptible response towards the disease. Only two cultivars Hybrid-46 and Hot Queen were found as moderately resistant. The screening experiment showed that most of the chilli varieties are susceptible to chilli leaf curl disease and resistance is lacking in local germplasm. Furthermore, three insecticides: Imidacloprid, Polo and Emamectin were tested for their efficacy for the management of disease and whitefly vector in field conditions at weekly intervals. Out of three insecticides, Polo gave best results as compared to Emamectin and Imidacloprid against chilli leaf curl disease and whitefly vector.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry to Isofetamid Compared to other SDHIs

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230
Author(s):  
Adrian I. Zuniga ◽  
Michelle S. Oliveira ◽  
Carolina S. Rebello ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Sdhb Gene ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors ◽  
Selection Of Resistance

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are the fungicides most commonly used to control Botrytis fruit rot on commercial strawberry in Florida. The medium-to-high risk of selection of resistance in the causal agent Botrytis cinerea is a threat to the efficacy of this fungicide group. In this study, we characterized the sensitivity of B. cinerea to the SDHI isofetamid, evaluated the SdhB gene mutation associated with resistance, and monitored resistance frequencies to five SDHI fungicides for two consecutive seasons. EC50 values of 70 isolates were obtained using the spiral gradient dilution (SGD) method and averaged 0.098 µg/ml of isofetamid. EC50 averages of 3.04 and >500.00 µg/ml were obtained for isolates with the N230I and P225F mutations indicating moderate and high resistance to isofetamid, respectively. A total of 565 B. cinerea isolates collected during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 seasons from strawberry nurseries and Florida production fields were evaluated using conidial germination assays. Results for the first season showed resistance frequencies of 95, 33, 21, 25, and 0% to boscalid, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, benzovindiflupyr, and isofetamid, respectively. The respective resistance frequencies for the following season were 91, 95, 44, 27, and 1.3%. Only three isolates were found to be moderately resistant to isofetamid during the second season, and the mutation N230I was identified after sequence analysis. These isolates were confirmed to be resistant to isofetamid in fruit assays with disease incidence of 55.6 to 77.0%; however, the conidial production of the isolates was inhibited by an average of 83.9%. In general, isofetamid efficacy was higher than the other evaluated SDHIs, but a slight increase in resistance frequencies was observed in our study.

Response of Non–Dicamba-Resistant Soybean to Dicamba As Influenced by Growth Stage and Herbicide Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer McCown ◽  
Tom Barber ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIntroduction of the Roundup Ready® Xtend system (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO) provides an alternative weed management option for growers, but of concern is the risk of dicamba injury to sensitive crops, particularly soybean from off-target movement and tank contamination. Experiments were conducted to determine the response of soybean to low rates of dicamba over a wide range of application timings. Two glufosinate-resistant varieties (HBK 4950LL–indeterminate and HALO 5.45LL–determinate) commonly grown in Arkansas were chosen for these studies. Two rates of dicamba, 2.18 and 8.75 g ae ha–1(1/256× and 1/64× of the POST labeled rate for dicamba-resistant soybean), were applied at two vegetative (V4, V6) and six reproductive (R1 to R6) growth stages. Compared to the nontreated control, dicamba applied during late vegetative and early reproductive growth of soybean caused leaf injury, plant height reduction, and seed yield loss for both soybean cultivars. Averaged across dicamba rates applied at R1, soybean seed yield was reduced 14% for the HBK 4950LL cultivar and 19% for the HALO 5.45LL cultivar. Averaged over rates, dicamba applied at R1 to the HALO 5.45LL and HBK 4950LL soybean resulted in 48% and 43% visible injury 4 wk after treatment, respectively. Grain yield was similar to that of the nontreated control when dicamba was applied at the later reproductive stages averaged across rates.

scholarly journals Identification of Rice Genotypes Resistant To Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease Using Ssr Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
A. Acharya ◽  
N. R. Adhikari ◽  
R. B. Amgain ◽  
A. Poudel ◽  
R. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Almost All

 Bacterial blight disease of rice is a growing and challenging concern in Nepal. Since bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) is difficult to manage by other means effectively, development of host plant resistance is the most effective mean to control this disease. This study was carried out to identify the bacterial leaf blight resistant genotypes of rice by using of molecular markers linked with bacterial blight resistant genes. Sixty genotypes of rice were screened at glass house for BB resistance and they were tested for the presence of Xa4, Xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes using markers MP, RM122, M5 and pTA248 respectively. IRBB 60 and Jumli Marshi were used as resistant and susceptible check respectively. Twenty five genotypes of rice were detected with presence of Xa4 gene, 24 genotypes with Xa5 gene and fourteen genotypes with Xa7 gene. Twenty four genotypes did not showed presence of any gene. Twenty four genotypes showed the presence of more than one gene with the specific molecular markers. Almost all genotypes that did not show presence of any gene were found highly susceptible in greenhouse conditions with both inoculums. Genotypes having more than one BB resistance gene were found resistant in greenhouse conditions with both inoculums suggesting combination of BB resistance gene through gene pyramiding will provide BB resistant varieties in rice breeding.

scholarly journals Impact of chemicals, plant extracts and their combination on bacterial blight of cotton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Shahabaz Talib Sahi ◽  
Muhammad Atiq ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Rashida Perveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Green House ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
The Impact

Five chemicals, incuding Flare, Plant Protector, Mancozeb, Agrimycine, and Copper oxychloride, and five plant extracts including N. tabacum, A. indica, M. oleifera, D. alba and C. longa were evaluated against bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (a bacterium). The impact of chemicals and plant extracts on bacterial development was tested in laboratory while on disease reduction was tested in green house and field experiments. Laboratory experiments showed that maximum inhibition zone of bacterial growth was expressed by Flare (1.693cm) at all concentrations followed by Plant Protector (1.473 cm), Mancozeb (1.290 cm), Agrimycine (1.150 cm) and copper oxy-chloride (0.953) cm respectively while in case of plant extracts maximum inhibition was expressed by N. tabacum (0.650 cm) followed by A. indica (0.486), M. oleifera (0.350), D. alba (0.256 cm) and C. longa (0.168 cm). Green house experiment revealed that the best result was produced by the combination of Flare and N. tabacum by indicating lowest disease incidence (32.27%) at all the tested concentration. Same results were obtained in field experiment, where the lowest disease incidence (40.41%) was recorded when the ,Flare and N. tabacum were applied in combination although it was higher then green house. This study concludes that N. tabacum and Flare are better option against bacterial disease development and even their combination is more significant lowering the bacterial blight disease incidence on cotton. Selection of suitable formulation and method of application could be the future aspects of plant product especially N. tabacum related research.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION AND SELECTION OF RHIZOBACTERIA THAT INHIBIT PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Aulia Zakia ◽  
Satriyas Ilyas ◽  
Candra Budiman ◽  
Syamsuddin . ◽  
Dyah Manohara
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Heated Sample ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Exploration and Selection of Rhizobacteria that Inhibit Phytophthora capsici in vitro. Phytophthora capsici, a seed borne and the soil borne fungal pathogen is the cause of phytophthora blight on chili. The disease is difficult to control because of the resistant varieties unavailability in Indonesia. The aimed was to obtain isolates of rhizobacteria which has the ability to inhibit P. capsici in vitro. Rhizobacteria exploration was conducted in the chili production center in East Java (Malang, Batu, and Kediri) and West Java (Bogor). In one location, chili plant that had symptoms of phytophthora blight disease and a healthy plant next to it were chosen as samples to isolate P. capsici and the rhizobacteria. The rhizobacteria were isolated on NA, TSA, and TSAP (TSA with heated sample). Samples of diseased plants were used in isolation of P. capsici on V8 agar. The inhibition and compatibility of the rhizobacteria to inhibit P. capsici in vitro were tested by dual culture method. In this experiment, it was obtained 252 isolates of rhizobacteria and one isolate of P. capsici. Isolates of rhizobacteria with high to medium inhibition were E1, E3C2, and F2B1 respectively. All three isolates were then combined and tested against P. capsici in vitro. The highest inhibition was indicated by four isolate and combination of isolates, which were E1 isolate (58%), the combination of E1 + E3C2 isolates (58%), E1 + F2B1 (60%) and E1 + E3C2 + F2B1 (58 %).

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