Wheat productivity and N use-efficiency as influenced by inclusion of cowpea as a grain legume in a rice–wheat system

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. YADAV ◽  
V. K. SINGH ◽  
B. S. DWIVEDI ◽  
A. K. SHUKLA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Available N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

In high productivity zones of the Indo–Gangetic Plain Region (IGPR) of India, the rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) is exhibiting a decline in factor productivity, low N use-efficiency and deterioration in soil health. Inclusion of legumes in RWCS is advocated as one of the promising agro-techniques to sustain productivity. A field experiment was conducted during 1996/97 and 1997/98 on sandy loam (Typic Ustrochrept) soil of Modipuram, India (29°4′N, 77°46′E, 237 m above sea level) to explore the possibilities of inclusion of cowpea as a break crop in RWCS. The effect of rice or cowpea was measured on the yield, fertilizer N requirement and N use-efficiency in wheat, and also on the soil organic carbon and available N content. The yields of wheat following cowpea were significantly (P<0·05) greater by 19–20%, compared with those following rice. In a cowpea–wheat rotation economic optimum dose of fertilizer N for wheat was smaller than that in a rice–wheat rotation due to increased N availability, better growing environment and greater N use-efficiency (measured as agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery and partial factor productivity) in the former case. On termination of the experiment, soil organic carbon and available N content increased over initial content with increasing rates of fertilizer N under both rotations, but the magnitude of increase was greater in treatments where cowpea preceded wheat.

scholarly journals Nitrogen efficiency in oat yield through the biopolymer hydrogel

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Ângela T. W. de Mamann ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
Ana P. Brezolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT The retainers of water in the soil can favor nitrogen (N) use efficiency in oat yield. The aim of the study was to determine if the conditions of use of the biopolymer hydrogel increase the fertilizer-N use efficiency in oat yield in succession systems of high and low residual-N release. In each succession system (soybean/oat, corn/oat), two experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, one to quantify biomass yield and the other to estimate grain yield and lodging. The design was randomized blocks with four replicates in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow with the seed, and N fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied in the fourth-expanded-leaf stage. The use of hydrogel increases N use efficiency in oat yield, especially under the conditions of 30 to 60 kg ha-1 of biopolymer; however, this effect is dependent on the succession system and on weather conditions.

Yield and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat, and soil fertility status as influenced by substitution of rice with pigeon pea in a rice - wheat cropping system

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Singh ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Rice–wheat cropping systems managed on 10 million ha in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region (IGPR) of India are the most important production systems for national food security. Recent reports, however, indicate that the system is under production fatigue and the growth rates of rice and wheat have started declining. We, therefore, conducted field experiments at Modipuram, Meerut, India, for 3 consecutive years (1998–99 to 2000–01), to study the conservation of soil organic carbon, improvement in nitrogen use efficiency and increase in system yields through inclusion of a grain legume (pigeon pea) in place of rice. The wheat yields following pigeon pea crops were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those following rice crops during 1999–2000 and 2000–01, but not during 1998–99. The economic optimum doses of fertiliser N for wheat in the pigeon pea–wheat system were smaller (128–133 kg N/ha) than those in the rice–wheat system (139–173 kg N/ha), owing to increased N supply, greater N use efficiencies and a better crop growth environment in the pigeon pea–wheat system. The post-wheat harvest nitrate-N (NO3-N) at 90–105 cm soil depth in plots fertilised with 120 or 180 kg N/ha was greater for the rice–wheat system (6.5–8.1 mg/kg) than for the pigeon pea–wheat system (5.8–6.0 mg/kg), suggesting that inclusion of pigeon pea may help to minimise NO3-N leaching to deeper soil profile layers. In plots of pigeon pea, soil organic carbon at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depths was increased at the end of the experiment compared with the initial organic carbon content. With continuous rice–wheat cropping, the bulk density of soil increased over the initial bulk density, at different soil profile depths in general, and at 30–45 cm soil depth in particular. Inclusion of pigeon pea in the system maintained soil bulk density at its initial level, and thus eliminated sub-surface soil compaction. Despite these advantages of pigeon pea over rice as a preceding crop to wheat, permanent substitution of rice with pigeon pea in rice–wheat system is unlikely, because rice is a staple foodgrain crop in India. Nonetheless, decline in wheat productivity owing to puddling-induced soil constraints that arise on continuous rice–wheat systems could be minimised by introduction of pigeon pea into the system at longer time intervals.

Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Nitrogen use efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

This study evaluated rate and timing of N fertilization effects on the N use efficiency characteristics of rain-fed Russet Burbank potato. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different rates of fertili zer N (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Whole-plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined at topkill. Soil inorganic N content was measured to 30-cm depth at planting and at tuber harvest. Soil N supply (plant N accumulation plus soil inorganic N content at harvest with no fertilizer N applied) varied from 77 to 146 kg N ha-1 depending on the year. Crop N supply (soil N supply plus fertilizer N applied) was a better predictor of plant N accumulation than fertilizer N rate, and was used to remove the confounding effect of variation in soil N supply when making among-year comparisons for N use efficiency characteristics. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N accumulation/crop N supply) decreased with increasing rates of N applied at hilling N rate in 1999, which was a dry year, but was not influenced by at-hilling N rate in 2000 and 2001, or by at-planting N rate in any year. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; dry matter accumulation/crop N supply) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation/plant N accumulation) decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply in each year. Similar relationships between NUE and crop N supply, and between NUtE and plant N accumulation, among the 3 yr of the study suggest that these relationships are largely independent of seasonal climatic variation, and are primarily genetically controlled. Timing of N fertilization had no effect on any N use efficiency parameter, with the exception of reduced NUpE associated with split N application in 1999. This suggests that under rain-fed potato production in Atlantic Canada, timing of N fertilization has no significant effect on N use efficiency of Russet Burbank potato in years of adequate soil moisture, but NUpE may be decreased by split application of N in dry years. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, soil inorganic N, apparent fertilizer N recovery

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation improves fertilizer-N use efficiency in tomatoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaosheng Wang ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Andreas de Neergaard ◽  
Christian Richardt Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Effects of spray application of urea fertilizer at stem extension on winter wheat: N recovery and nitrate leaching

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. READMAN ◽  
C. P. BECKWITH ◽  
P. S. KETTLEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

A field experiment was carried out at Harper Adams in Shropshire to investigate the effect of supplying the spring N application to winter wheat as different proportions of urea as a solution, rather than as conventional soil-applied solid urea, on N recovery in the above-ground crop, autumn soil mineral N and nitrate leaching over the subsequent winter. A solid ammonium nitrate treatment was also included to represent alternative commercial practice to solid urea. Treatments were repeated on the same plots over the 3 years 1992, 1993 and 1994. N recovery was measured in all 3 years by difference in N uptake between fertilized and unfertilized plots, and in 1993 for selected treatments, N was applied as 15N-labelled fertilizer to determine direct uptake of fertilizer N in the crop and soil. Both urea sprays and solid soil N applications were labelled with 15N. Urea sprays were split over several days to reduce scorch, whereas solid fertilizer was applied as a single dressing. For some urea spray treatments, apparent N recovery in the above-ground crop in 1992 and 1994 was less compared with soil-applied N treatments. These urea spray treatments were applied in the morning rather than the evening, and gaseous losses, most likely by volatilization, are suggested. In 1992 application of a large proportion of N as urea sprays, such that application of some N as urea solution was delayed to around GS 37, was associated with an increase in physiological N use efficiency. In 1993, there was no difference in direct or apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the crop or soil for N applied as ammonium nitrate, solid urea or as urea sprays. Mean nitrate concentration in the drainage water at 1 m was elevated for all N treatments in all years, but only in 1992 did nitrate concentration and leaching loss decrease with increasing proportion of N applied as urea sprays. It may therefore be possible to reduce gaseous losses by application of urea sprays under cool conditions in the evening and exploit the increased physiological N use efficiency for urea sprays applied later, such that total fertilizer N applied and N losses are reduced.

Effect of rate, frequency and method of liquid swine manure application on soil nitrogen availability, cropperformance and N use efficiency in east-central Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Mooleki ◽  
J J Schoenau ◽  
G. Hultgreen ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
J L Charles
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Liquid Swine Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Annual Application

A study was initiated in the fall of 1996 in the Black soil zone in east-central Saskatchewan (parkland region) to examine the soil and crop response to application of liquid swine manure at different rates, frequencies and methods of application. Low, medium and high rates of liquid swine manure (equivalent to approximately 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha-1, respectively) were applied annually and in reduced frequency applications using injection and broadcast/incorporated placement over a 4-yr period. Crops grown during this period were Argentine canola (Brassica napus L.) in 1997, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1998, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1999, and Argentine canola in 2000. Under an annual application regime, a significant elevation of pre-seeding available N in the 0–60 cm soil depth and increased grain yield and protein content with increasing application rates of liquid swine manure were observed. Under a reduced frequency application regime, elevation of pre-seeding available N, grain yield and protein content observed in the year of application declined in the second year, and were significantly diminished by the third year. Cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) was highest (50–60%) for low annual application and lowest (10–30%) for high annual application rates that were injected. Generally, injection of liquid swine manure into the soil resulted in better enhancement of pre-seeding available N, higher grain yield and protein content, and better NUE than broadcasting and incorporation. Type of opener used to inject swine manure had no significant effect on either crop response or available N. This study showed that in the Black soil zone of the parkland region of Saskatchewan, annual application of low to medium rates (100 to 200 kg total N ha-1) of liquid swine manure are sufficient for high grain yield and grain protein, without leaving excess nitrates in the soil. In contrast, annual application of high rates (400 kg total N ha-1) of liquid swine manure has no agronomic advantage over the lower rates, but may result in higher residual nitrates in the soil, increasing potential for environmental pollution. Key words: Swine manure, N availability, manure management, N use efficiency

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