scholarly journals Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. RAO ◽  
S. E. BEEBE ◽  
J. POLANIA ◽  
M. GRAJALES ◽  
C. CAJIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Mostafavi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.

Analysis of tolerance indices for germplasm evaluation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) subjected to terminal drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Mehdi Savadkohi Mahforojaki ◽  
Reza Talebi ◽  
Sayyed Saeid Pourdad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Tolerance Indices

In order to evaluate quantitative drought resistance criteria in some safflower genotypes, fiftheen genotypes were evaluated both under moisture stress and non-stress field environments using a randomized complete block design for each environment. The genotypes showed significant differences in grain yield and other traits. Grain yield under irrigated conditions was adversely correlated with water deficit condition, suggesting that high potential yield under optimal conditions does not necessarily result in improved yield under stress conditions. Genotypes G64, G92 and PI253527 showed lower yield reduction than the average of other genotypes. Surprisingly, most of the genotypes showed more than 30% yield reduction under drought stress. The positive correlation between TOL and irrigated yield (Yp) and the negative correlation between TOL and yield under stress (Ys) suggest that selection based on TOL will result in reduced yield under well-watered conditions. We conclude that GMP and STI are able to discriminate tolerant group of genotypes under both environments. Therefore, genotypes G47, G64, G42 and S411 are superior genotypes for both environments. Genotypes S310 , S149 and Almaneriz are more suitable for non-moisture stress than moisture-stress environment.

scholarly journals Improving adaptation to drought stress in white pea bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.): Genotypic effects on grain yield, yield components and pod harvest index

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Assefa ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Steven B. Cannon ◽  
Jixiang Wu ◽  
Zenbaba Gutema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Drought ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship between Distributions of Photosynthetic Assimilates Related Traits and Grain Yield in Wheat Genotypes under Terminal Drought Stress Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Seyed Javad Talebzadeh1 ◽  
Hashem Hadi ◽  
Reza Amirnia ◽  
Mehdi Tajbakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Rezaei Morad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ethiopian Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Under Terminal Drought Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Selamawit Abebe Gitore
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Water Treatments

The aim of this study was to evaluate twenty-five common bean genotypes for terminal drought stress. Simple lattice designs were used with two replications under stress and non-stress growing conditions on the field. The experiment was performed using irrigation water during the dry season (December-March). Up to flowering, the stress plots were irrigated and the non-stress plots were provided with water up to physiological maturity. Under both stress and non-stress conditions, several plant characteristics related to yield were assessed. The generated data in this study was subject to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software version 9.0.0. Data from non-stress (NS) and drought stress (DS) treatments were compared to assess the effect of drought stress or water regime on yield-related traits. In order to perform a combined analysis of variance, the datasets from the two treatments were combined (ANOVA). In this experiment, all the genotypes used showed significant differences in yield and some of the components of yield. For all the characteristics measured, except for flowering days, there were substantial variations between the two water treatments. There was no significant correlation between genotypes and water treatments for almost all the traits tested, with the exception of days to flowering, harvest index and root pulling resistance. Genotypes such as SER 125, MALB-67, MALB-65, MALB-51 and MALB-3 performed better under the two water treatments on the basis of mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean (GM). Understanding the relationships between plant characteristics related to drought stress tolerance and their genetic variability for stress-related grain yield, especially terminal water stress conditions, should prompt common bean breeders to take better measurements of yield and more comprehensive features of drought response.

scholarly journals Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship with harvest index in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy ◽  
Junichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Satoshi Tobita ◽  
Osamu Ito ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Reference Collection

Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), an integrator of plant behaviour influencing transpiration efficiency (TE), is an important component of yield under drought. The variation in Δ13C and its association with yield was assessed in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm. Drought stress reduced shoot biomass by 36–39% and grain yield by 23%. Mean Δ13C was low and the range of genetic variation was high under drought stress. Largely, high Δ13C accessions were early in flowering (40–50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI). Δ13C was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008–09 under optimal irrigation. This positive association was very close with HI. Among the yield components, Δ13C was closely associated with pod numbers per unit area and seed size under drought stress. Path coefficients showed no direct association of Δ13C with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI. The closest association of HI or shoot biomass was seen in the maturity group of accessions that experienced the optimum terminal drought stress.

Tolerance to drought stress among selected Indian wheat cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. DHANDA ◽  
G. S. SETHI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Experiments were designed to examine differences in some morpho-physiological characters among wheat genotypes in response to drought stress at anthesis and maturity and to determine the relationships between these characters. In three sets of experiments, one set was evaluated under well-irrigated conditions and two sets under drought stress conditions by developing terminal drought stress at anthesis in one set and at maturity in the other, for 2 years. Genotypes differed in their response at both stages of plant growth for grain yield, days to heading, excised-leaf water loss, leaf membrane stability and relative water content under drought stress. Under irrigated conditions differences in the genotypes for water retention traits were not clear. There were significant genotype×environment interactions. Terminal drought stress resulted in reduced mean values and variability for all characters. The varieties WH 147 and WH 147(U) showed a combination of drought resistance, water retention and high grain yield, whereas C 306, Kharchia 65 and Hindi 62 showed a lower percentage injury in plasma membrane and better water retention in the leaves. Drought resistance index was associated with other characters.

Mapping QTL Associated with Traits Affecting Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Terminal Drought Stress

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. U. Rehman ◽  
R. S. Malhotra ◽  
K. Bett ◽  
B. Tar'an ◽  
R. Bueckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Mapping Qtl ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

scholarly journals Comparative productivity and drought response of semi-tropical hybrids and open-pollinated varieties of sorghum

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blum ◽  
G. Golan ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
B. Sinmena ◽  
T. Obilana
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index

SUMMARYWhile the relative advantage of hybrids over open-pollinated varieties has long been established for temperate sorghums in developed countries, similar information for semi-tropical sorghums used in Africa and India is relatively scant, especially under conditions of drought stress. This study compared 23 hybrids with 21 open-pollinated varieties, all developed in India and/or Southern Africa. Materials were field-tested under conditions of stored soil moisture at two levels of drought stress (dryland or one supplemental irrigation) at Bet Dagan, Israel in 1989.Irrespective of the water regime, grain yield and harvest index increased and leaf area index decreased with a shorter growth duration of the genotypes. Hybrids were earlier, had a larger leaf area index, more than double the harvest index and produced more grain compared with varieties. In spite of their longer growth duration, varieties were less water-stressed than hybrids, as judged by their midday leaf water potential, relative water content and the extent of leaf rolling. The relatively poor plant water status of the hybrids could be partly ascribed to their larger leaf area index. Hybrids produced more biomass per day than varieties under low stress while varieties produced more biomass per day than hybrids under high stress. Thus, in terms of plant water status and mean daily biomass production, varieties were more drought resistant than hybrids. However, the physiological superiority of the varieties under drought stress did not result in a higher grain yield because of their inherent relatively poor harvest index, typical of the tall and late African sorghums. The superior physiological resistance to drought stress of these varieties could be translated into a yield advantage under drought stress if their potential harvest index is improved.

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