Effect of P fertilizer and precipitation on wheat under permanent beds in the absence of N fertilizer application

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Limon-Ortega ◽  
A. Baez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Supply ◽  
P Application

Abstract Environmental conditions contribute to a large percentage of wheat yield variability. This phenomenon is particularly true in rainfed environments and non-responsive soils to N. However, the effect of P application on wheat is unknown in the absence of N fertilizer application. This study was conducted from 2012 to 2019 in permanent beds established in 2005. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and consisted of superimposing three P treatments (foliar, banded and broadcast application) plus a check (0P) within each one of four preceding N treatments (applied from 2005 to 2009). Foliar P generally showed a greater response than granular P treatments even though the soil tests high P (>30 mg/kg). Precipitation estimated for two different growth intervals explained through regression procedures the Years' effect. Seasonal precipitation (224–407 mm) explained variation of relative yield, N harvest index (NHI) and P agronomic efficiency (AE). Reproductive stage precipitation (48–210 mm) explained soil N supply. In dry years, foliar P application improved predicted relative yield 14% and AE 155 kg grain/kg P compared to granular P treatments. Similarly, soil N supply increased 15 kg/ha in dry moisture conditions during the reproductive stage. The NHI consistently improved over the crop seasons. This improvement was relatively larger for 0 kg N/ha. On average, NHI increased from about 0.57 to 0.72%. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings at the booting growth stage were negatively associated with NHI. Foliar P in this non-responsive soil to N showed the potential to replace granular P sources. However, the omission of granular P needs to be further studied to estimate the long-term effect on the soil P test.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil phosphorus of a low productivity Brachiaria brizantha pasture

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edemar Joaquim Corazza ◽  
Michel Brossard ◽  
Takashi MuraokaI ◽  
Maurício Antonio Coelho Filho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
P Application

Studies on soil phosphorus (P) of low productivity cultivated pastures in Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) areas and surveys on other possible problems related to P are scarce. The spatial variability of soil phosphorus content of a Rhodic Ferralsol was studied in a low productivity pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (BB) grown for 10 years, without fertilizer application, in an experimental area at Planaltina (GO), Brazil. Soil samplings were performed on a regular grid of 10 by 10 meters, with 98 sampling points before (between tussocks and under tussocks) and after the establishment of the experiment (after fertilizing). On the same grid, forage plants were collected and separated into fractions for N and P content analyses. Soil available phosphate was determined by the resin method (Pr) and complemented by the 32P isotopic exchange kinetics analysis. Descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses were utilized to describe the spatial variability. The Pr content on soil samples under tussocks presented mean and median values 45% larger than in soil samples taken between tussocks. The higher variation is probably related to the greater concentration of BB roots, soil organic matter content and soil P recycled through the plants tussocks. The spatial variability of Pr in this soil was high especially after fertilizer application. This variable did not present spatial dependence for the regular 10 m sampling. The generated knowledge on P variability of soils under low productivity cultivated pastures revealed problems related to the sampling methodology traditionally utilized and to P application.

Response of irrigated soybeans (Glycine max) to phosphorus on an alkaline cracking clay in semi-arid tropical Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Garside ◽  
MC Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
P Application

The primary and residual effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on soybeans (Glycine max cv. Buchanan) were studied at one site for three seasons on Cununurra clay in the Ord Irrigation Area. Grain yield increased (P< 0.01) with both primary and residual P in all seasons. When grain yields over the 3 years were standardized to eliminate seasonal effects, relative grain yield (RGY) was positively related to each of bicarbonate-extractable soil P (EP), applied fertilizer P (FP) and fertilizer P applied to the previous crop (PFP). Seventy-three per cent of the variation in relative yield within years could be explained by the equation: RGY = 45.44 + 0.64FP + l.84EP + 0.197PFP R 2 = 0 . 7 3 , P < 0.01 Increasing P status was associated with increased plant height, dry matter production and weight of 100 seeds and increased the number of main-stem nodes, nodules, pods per plant and days to maturity, but had no effect on number of seeds per pod and number of days until commencement and completion of flowering. Concentrations of P in the whole tops and uppermost leaf increased with increasing rate of P application. However, there was a significant P x growth stage interaction on nitrogen concentrations in whole tops and upper-most leaf, these being lower in the high-P plots early in the season. Grain protein content increased with increasing P status while oil content was reduced. The results show that rates of P application higher than those being currently used are required to maximize soybean yield on Cununurra clay.

Relationship of the Illinois soil nitrogen test to spring wheat yield and response to fertilizer nitrogen

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Steckler ◽  
D J Pennock ◽  
F L Walley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrate N

The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) has been used to distinguish between soils that are responsive and non-responsive to fertilizer N in Illinois. We examined the suitability of this test, together with more traditional measures of soil fertility, including spring nitrate-N and soil organic carbon (SOC), for predicting yield and N fertilizer response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) on hummocky landscapes in Saskatchewan. The relationship between ISNT-N and wheat yield and fertilizer N response was assessed using data and soils previously collected for a variable-rate fertilizer study. Soils were re-analyzed for ISNT-N. Our goal was to determine if ISNT-N could be used to improve the prediction of crop yields. Although ISNT-N was correlated with both unfertilized wheat yield (r = 0.467, P = 0.01) and fertilizer N response (r = -0.671, P = 0.01) when data from all study sites were combined, correlations varied according to landscape position and site. Stronger correlations between nitrate-N and both unfertilized wheat yield (r = 0.721, P = 0.01) and fertilizer N response (r = -0.690, P = 0.01) indicated that ISNT-N offered no advantage over nitrate-N. Although both tests broadly discriminated between sites with high or low N fertility, few relationships were detected on a point-by-point basis within a field. Stepwise regression equations predicting yield and yield response did not include ISNT-N, due in part to the high degree of collinearity between ISNT-N and other variables such as SOC, suggesting that ISNT-N alone was not a key indicator of soil N supply. Key words: Illinois soil nitrogen test, potentially available N, soil N, fertilizer N recommendations

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of winter oats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CHALMERS ◽  
C. J. DYER ◽  
R. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
N Fertility

Amounts of spring nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0–240 kg/ha), combined with three timing treatments (single, divided early or divided late), were tested at 14 sites in England and Wales between 1984 and 1988 to determine the optimum fertilizer N requirement for winter oats. The trials were superimposed on commercial crops of the cultivars Pennal (9 sites) or Peniarth (5 sites). Optimum amounts of N ranged from nil to 202 kg/ha (mean 119) and optimum yields varied between 5·8 and 9·9 t/ha (mean 7·3). Much (c. 60%) of the inter-site variation in N optimum was explained by differences in soil N supply, as indicated by N offtake in the grain at nil applied N. Mean yield differences between single and early (+0·08 t/ha) or late (−0·04 t/ha) divided dressings were slight, although significant (P<0·05) but inconsistent yield effects were obtained from early N at two sites and late N at three sites.Lodging occurred at 11 of the 12 sites where lodging scores were recorded and always increased significantly (P<0·05) with applied N. The amount of crop lodging at N optimum was, on an area basis, <50% at nine of the sites. The overall extent of site lodging was also influenced by soil N fertility and hence inversely related to N optimum. However, multiple regression, using site lodging as well as soil N supply, only accounted for slightly more (65%) of the variation in N optimum, which suggests that lodging was not a major limiting factor. Lodging was unexpectedly less from early N (mean 43%), but more from late N (53%) divided dressings, compared with a single N dressing (49%). Early N reduced lodging significantly (P<0·05) at four sites, although the actual reduction was only large at one site where early N also increased yield significantly (+0·57 t/ha).Grain N concentrations increased significantly (P<0·05) with applied N, on average by 0·12% per 40 kg/ha N increment. Timing effects on grain N concentration were very small, with mean values of 1·94, 1·91 and 1·96%N respectively from single, early and late divided dressings. Apparent recovery in grain of fertilizer N at the optimum amount ranged from 13 to 57% (mean 37), with better N recovery at the more yield-responsive sites. Changes in mean grain weight due to the amount and timing of fertilizer N were small, with an average reduction of 0·6 mg/grain per 40 kg/ha N applied. The adverse effects of N fertilizer on grain quality were slight and unlikely to have commercial significance. The agronomic implications of these results on the N fertilization of winter oats are discussed.

Nitrogen use and agronomic efficiency of rainfed wheat in permanent beds as affected by N fertilizer, precipitation and soil nitrate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agustin Limon-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Rates

Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an input that has played an important role in grain yield, N use efficiency (NUE), and agronomic efficiency (AE) that needs to be studied on rainfed wheat grown in permanent beds as a planting system. The objective of this study was to test the effect of N treatments on yield, NUE and AE from 2005 to 2009. The experimental design consisted of three N rates (25, 50 and 75 kg/ha) and four N timing treatments (two single basal applications and two splits), plus a control plot (0 N). Results showed that N rate and N timing treatments had no effect on grain yield, but years, meanwhile Year–N rate interaction affected NUE and AE. Precipitation and post-harvest soil N-NO3 were identified as factors to test the years' effect on yield, NUE and AE. Regression procedures showed that the effect was greater for 25 kg N/ha treatment. The relationships between these variables and precipitation were positive, whereas the opposite occurred with soil N-NO3. NUE and AE, however, showed negative values in crop seasons with moisture constraints from precipitation (<335 mm) and soil N-NO3 (>90 kg N-NO3/ha). This result indicated that N removal and yield in these years were larger in control plots (0 N) than fertilizer application. Precipitation and soil N-NO3, rather than N treatments, explained most of the yield, NUE and AE variation over years. Therefore, to enhance that effect of weather and soil, further research on alternate N sources is needed.

Spatial variability of n fertilizer application and wheat yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meirvenne ◽  
G. Hofman ◽  
P. Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer

ECONOMICS OF N-FERTILIZATION OF DRYLAND GRASSES FOR HAY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
E. G. SMITH ◽  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Response Data ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Application Rates

An economic analysis was conducted on N fertilizer response data of four dryland grass species on two soil types. Clay-loam soils were more productive than sandy-loam soils. The N supply required to obtain optimum economic yield was determined and results showed that producers must increase N fertilizer application rates over current rates of application in order to maximize profit.Key words: Bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, nitrogen fertilizer, economics

scholarly journals Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 8. Effect of duration of lucerne ley on soil nitrogen and water, wheat yield and protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
E. J. Weston ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
K. J. Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Soil nitrogen (N) supply in the Vertosols of southern Queensland, Australia has steadily declined as a result of long-term cereal cropping without N fertiliser application or rotations with legumes. Nitrogen-fixing legumes such as lucerne may enhance soil N supply and therefore could be used in lucerne–wheat rotations. However, lucerne leys in this subtropical environment can create a soil moisture deficit, which may persist for a number of seasons. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of varying the duration of a lucerne ley (for up to 4 years) on soil N increase, N supply to wheat, soil water changes, wheat yields and wheat protein on a fertility-depleted Vertosol in a field experiment between 1989 and 1996 at Warra (26°47′S, 150°53′E), southern Queensland. The experiment consisted of a wheat–wheat rotation, and 8 treatments of lucerne leys starting in 1989 (phase 1) or 1990 (phase 2) for 1, 2, 3 or 4 years duration, followed by wheat cropping. Lucerne DM yield and N yield increased with increasing duration of lucerne leys. Soil N increased over time following 2 years of lucerne but there was no further significant increase after 3 or 4 years of lucerne ley. Soil nitrate concentrations increased significantly with all lucerne leys and moved progressively downward in the soil profile from 1992 to 1995. Soil water, especially at 0.9–1.2 m depth, remained significantly lower for the next 3 years after the termination of the 4-year lucerne ley than under continuous wheat. No significant increase in wheat yields was observed from 1992 to 1995, irrespective of the lucerne ley. However, wheat grain protein concentrations were significantly higher under lucerne–wheat than under wheat–wheat rotations for 3–5 years. The lucerne yield and soil water and nitrate-N concentrations were satisfactorily simulated with the APSIM model. Although significant N accretion occurred in the soil following lucerne leys, in drier seasons, recharge of the drier soil profile following long duration lucerne occurred after 3 years. Consequently, 3- and 4-year lucerne–wheat rotations resulted in more variable wheat yields than wheat–wheat rotations in this region. The remaining challenge in using lucerne–wheat rotations is balancing the N accretion benefits with plant-available water deficits, which are most likely to occur in the highly variable rainfall conditions of this region.

scholarly journals Comparison of Extractants for Calibrating Phosphorus Application Rates in a Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Yuncong C. Li ◽  
Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Mingjian Geng
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Preplant soil testing is essential for optimizing phosphorus (P) fertilization and minimizing the potential for soil P losses. Currently, there is no effective soil P extractant for calcareous soils in Florida. This study was conducted to compare Mehlich-3, ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), and Olsen for evaluating P availability, estimating soil-test P (STP) critical levels, and calibrating P application rates for fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in a calcareous soil. Tomatoes were grown during Winter 2014 and 2015 with P application rates of 0, 29, 49, 78, 98, and 118 kg·ha‒1 P. Water-extractable P (water-P) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in leachate were used to determine the STP change point of leaching potential. Results showed the greatest correlation occurred between Mehlich-3 and Olsen of the three STP extractants. For Mehlich-3-P, the medium STP level (producing 75% to 90% relative yield) was predicted from 76 to 89 mg·kg‒1 and the change point was predicted at 88 or 104 mg·kg‒1 by split-line models. The P requirement was calculated from 52 to 112 kg·ha‒1 when Mehlich-3-P was rated as low level (producing 50% to 75% relative yield), which was from 42 to 76 mg·kg‒1. The multiple regression models using AB-DTPA-P and Olsen-P could not predict either the medium STP level or the practical P application rates for the low level. Consequently, based on 2 years of data, Mehlich-3 was the most effective extractant for estimating soil P availability and calibrating P rates in calcareous soils with an extremely high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content.

scholarly journals Wheat yield and seed physiological quality as influenced by seed vigor, nitrogen fertilization and edaphoclimatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3581-3602
Author(s):  
Diogo Nascimento de Souza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Initial Seed

Wheat is one of the most important cereals grown in the world, and in Brazil, increasing national production is still a challenge. Nitrogen (N) supply can favor grain yield and the physiological quality of wheat seeds. However, the definition of adequate N rate and fertilization timing must consider genotype, cultivation environment, and initial seed vigor level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of initial seed vigor and the combinations of rates and timings of N application on grain yield and seed physiological quality of wheat cultivars under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was carried out in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, state of Paraná, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 7 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two seed vigor levels (vigorous and non-vigorous seeds), two wheat cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá) and seven combinations of fertilization timings and N rates (kg ha-1) (control-0N; 20N at sowing and 60N at tillering; 40N at sowing; 80N at sowing; 40N at sowing and 40N at tillering; 40N at tillering; 80N at tillering). Number of emerged seedlings, vegetation index, shoot dry matter, number of fertile spikes m-2 and grain yield were evaluated. Additionally, the physiological potential of seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by the testes of first count, germination, seedling emergence in sand and emergence speed index. The climatic conditions during the experiment, in both cultivation environments, were similar to average historical records, with some periods of water deficit. The highest grain yield was obtained with the BRS Gralha-Azul in Londrina, and with BRS Sabiá in Ponta Grossa. The use of vigorous seeds favored the stand establishment and the response of plants to N fertilization. The treatments 40N + 40N, and 40N + 0N favored the majority of evaluated variables. Both cultivars showed potential for the production of high physiological potential seeds in Londrina environment. Inadequate N supply impairs wheat grain yield and seed production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document