scholarly journals Comparison of Extractants for Calibrating Phosphorus Application Rates in a Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Yuncong C. Li ◽  
Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Mingjian Geng
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Preplant soil testing is essential for optimizing phosphorus (P) fertilization and minimizing the potential for soil P losses. Currently, there is no effective soil P extractant for calcareous soils in Florida. This study was conducted to compare Mehlich-3, ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), and Olsen for evaluating P availability, estimating soil-test P (STP) critical levels, and calibrating P application rates for fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in a calcareous soil. Tomatoes were grown during Winter 2014 and 2015 with P application rates of 0, 29, 49, 78, 98, and 118 kg·ha‒1 P. Water-extractable P (water-P) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in leachate were used to determine the STP change point of leaching potential. Results showed the greatest correlation occurred between Mehlich-3 and Olsen of the three STP extractants. For Mehlich-3-P, the medium STP level (producing 75% to 90% relative yield) was predicted from 76 to 89 mg·kg‒1 and the change point was predicted at 88 or 104 mg·kg‒1 by split-line models. The P requirement was calculated from 52 to 112 kg·ha‒1 when Mehlich-3-P was rated as low level (producing 50% to 75% relative yield), which was from 42 to 76 mg·kg‒1. The multiple regression models using AB-DTPA-P and Olsen-P could not predict either the medium STP level or the practical P application rates for the low level. Consequently, based on 2 years of data, Mehlich-3 was the most effective extractant for estimating soil P availability and calibrating P rates in calcareous soils with an extremely high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAARELA ◽  
H. HUHTA ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation ◽  
Annual Application

In order to update fertilisation recommendations for Finnish silty and sandy soils, the effects of repeated phosphorus (P) fertilisation on the yields of cereals, grasses and other crops were measured at ten sites for 9 to 18 years. Results of some earlier studies were also used in examining the relationships of the yield responses to applied P and to the soil test values measured by the Finnish ammonium acetate method (PAc). Significant effects of P fertilisation were observed at all sites that had low or medium PAc values; in the case of potatoes, even at sites with fairly high values. The mean relative yield without applied P divided by yield with 60 or 45 kg P ha-1 of the ten sites was 81% (mean PAc 11.6 mg dm-3) varying from 55% at the PAc value of 4.7 mg dm-3 to 100% at the highest PAc values. In order to achieve a relative yield of 97%, which is considered the optimum for cereals and leys, the required mean annual application of P in the later parts of the experiments was 25 kg ha-1 (variation 0-42 kg ha-1). On the six soils that had low or medium PAc values (4.5-9.1 mg dm-3, mean 8.0 mg dm-3), relative yield was 97% at the P application rate of 35 kg ha-1 (variation 22-42 kg ha-1), while 11 kg P ha-1 (variation 0-25 kg ha-1) sufficed on the four soils that had higher PAc values (mean 20.8 mg dm-3, variation 11.7-35.2 mg dm-3). Reasons for the poor availability of P in silty and sandy soils were discussed.;

Effect of rates and methods of phosphorus application on herb and oil yields and nutrient concentrations in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kothari ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
Kamla Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Placement Depth

Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.), one of the important essential-oil-bearing crops of India, is a potential source of natural menthol which is widely used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Generally under intensive cultivation, the application (broadcast with incorporation) of phosphorus leads to enhanced herb and oil yields of different mint species (Rao, Rao & Singh, 1983; Singh et al. 1983; Vadivel & Sampath, 1981), but the knowledge that P-adsorption to soil surface reduces plant availability suggests that a P application method limiting soil-P contact may improve P availability and use efficiency (Phillips & Webb, 1971). Therefore, the placement depth and method may be an important factor in the proper use of applied phosphorus. Since uptake of P is reduced in dry soils (Reichman & Grunes, 1966; Simpson, 1960), P placed deeper in the soil would remain more available because of increased soil moisture. Another factor involved is the positional availability of the P source (Cooke, 1954). If placed too close to the surface, the roots may not come in contact with the fertilizer or too few would contact the band to maximize uptake.

Influence of intra-row plant spacing, phosphorus application and growth stage on the forage, seed yields and quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) in subhumid area of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. T. Omokanye ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. O. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Forage, seed yields and herbage chemical composition of phasey bean Macroptilium lathyroides) were investigated at 3 intra-row plant spacings (15, 30 and 45cm between plants; 50 cm between roms), 4 phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates (O), 50, 100 and 750 kg/ha P) and 5 harvest stages (uncut control, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks post sowing) in two growing seasons at Shika in northern Nigeria. The least intra-row plant spacing (15cm) produced higher (p<0.01) total DM vield (1.50 t/ha) than wider spacings. The proportion of leaf was least (40 %) in the widest spacing compared with other spacings (59-62 %). The P-fertilized plots produced 58-60% more total DM vields than the unfertilized plots and total DM yields increased with advanced plant growth. The highest percentage (61-63) of leaf was recorded from 6 to 12 weeks post sowing. Nitrogen level in herbage increased (p<0.05) with increased intra-row plant spacing and P application. Phosphorus and Calcium. Levels in herbage did not respond to intra-row plant spacing but increased with P application. The Ca:P ratios at the harvest stages were between 1:1 and 6:1. The highest seed yields (198 and 188 kg/ha) were recorded respectiely in the least intra-row plant spacing and the application of 100 kg Piha. Supplementation of calves on grasses/cereal stovers with phasey bean hay in a sustainable crop livestock production systems is suggested.

Residual effects of phosphorus fertiliser in a stylo-native grass pasture on a duplex red earth soil in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
KA Shaw ◽  
MA Gilbert ◽  
JD Armour ◽  
MJ Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
P Application ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Establishment Phase

A field experiment was established to define the phosphorus (P) requirement for establishment and maintenance of a mixed legume pasture (Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca, S. hamata cv. Verano, S. guianensis cv. Graham, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro) introduced into a native grass pasture on an infertile duplex red earth. Rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 kg P/ha were applied to separate plots in year 1 (1982), 2, and 3. In year 5 (1986 growing season), half of each plot that had received 20 and 40 kg P/ha in year 3 was refertilised at the original rate to ensure that maximum yields were defined. Bicarbonate- or acid-extractable soil P concentrations of 8 mg/kg were sufficient for 80% maximum legume yield. The residual value of applied P in the surface soil, as measured by soil analysis, decreased exponentially, but an initial application of 40 kg P/ha was still sufficient to produce near-maximum legume yield after 5 years. Phosphorus application increased the dry matter yield of legume. During the establishment phase (years 1 and 2 after planting) yields reached maximum at 10 and 20 kg P/ha, respectively, but increased linearly in subsequent years. When the original rates were reapplied in year 5, peak yield occurred at 20 + 20 kg P/ha, and there was no difference between this yield and that from plots receiving 40 kg P/ha in year 1. Native grass yields increased with P application only in years 4 and 5 of the experiment. Stylos demonstrated good tolerance to low P supply. In year 1, 80% of the total legume yield consisted of Graham stylo and Siratro, whereas in subsequent years, Seca and Verano made up 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total, irrespective of treatment. Yield of legume at nil P, relative to maximum, increased from 5% in year 1 to 42% in year 5.

Response of irrigated soybeans (Glycine max) to phosphorus on an alkaline cracking clay in semi-arid tropical Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Garside ◽  
MC Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
P Application

The primary and residual effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on soybeans (Glycine max cv. Buchanan) were studied at one site for three seasons on Cununurra clay in the Ord Irrigation Area. Grain yield increased (P< 0.01) with both primary and residual P in all seasons. When grain yields over the 3 years were standardized to eliminate seasonal effects, relative grain yield (RGY) was positively related to each of bicarbonate-extractable soil P (EP), applied fertilizer P (FP) and fertilizer P applied to the previous crop (PFP). Seventy-three per cent of the variation in relative yield within years could be explained by the equation: RGY = 45.44 + 0.64FP + l.84EP + 0.197PFP R 2 = 0 . 7 3 , P < 0.01 Increasing P status was associated with increased plant height, dry matter production and weight of 100 seeds and increased the number of main-stem nodes, nodules, pods per plant and days to maturity, but had no effect on number of seeds per pod and number of days until commencement and completion of flowering. Concentrations of P in the whole tops and uppermost leaf increased with increasing rate of P application. However, there was a significant P x growth stage interaction on nitrogen concentrations in whole tops and upper-most leaf, these being lower in the high-P plots early in the season. Grain protein content increased with increasing P status while oil content was reduced. The results show that rates of P application higher than those being currently used are required to maximize soybean yield on Cununurra clay.

scholarly journals Towards optimal use of phosphorus fertiliser

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mart B. H. Ros ◽  
Gerwin F. Koopmans ◽  
Kees Jan van Groenigen ◽  
Diego Abalos ◽  
Oene Oenema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Because phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting nutrients in agricultural systems, P fertilisation is essential to feed the world. However, declining P reserves demand far more effective use of this crucial resource. Here, we use meta-analysis to synthesize yield responses to P fertilisation in grasslands, the most common type of agricultural land, to identify under which conditions P fertilisation is most effective. Yield responses to P fertilisation were 40–100% higher in (a) tropical vs temperate regions; (b) grass/legume mixtures vs grass monocultures; and (c) soil pH of 5–6 vs other pHs. The agronomic efficiency of P fertilisation decreased for greater P application rates. Moreover, soils with low P availability reacted disproportionately strong to fertilisation. Hence, low fertiliser application rates to P-deficient soils result in stronger absolute yield benefits than high rates applied to soils with a higher P status. Overall, our results suggest that optimising P fertiliser use is key to sustainable intensification of agricultural systems.

Effect of lime stabilisation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludges on the phosphorus availability to plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Seyhan ◽  
A. Erdincler
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

This study investigates the phosphorus (P) availability in lime stabilised biological phosphorus removal sludges. Lime-stabilised sludge amendments (LS), non-stabilised sludge amendments (S) and amendments with a chemical fertiliser (TSP) were compared through plant uptake of P and Olsen-extractable P for this purpose. In the first part of the study, pot experiments were performed, where a dewatered biological phosphorus removal sludge was applied to pots at increasing rates of P. A P-deficient, alkaline soil was used in the experiments and Lollium perenne was the testing plant. In the second part (incubation tests), the waste activated sludge from an Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) process was mixed with the same soil at a pre-determined P-based rate. The pot experiments showed that, the efficiency of the fertilising materials, based on the minimum P applied to reach the maximum yield, was in the following order: S∼LS&gt;TSP. However, the P concentration in the plant tissue was in the order of TSP&gt;S&gt;LS for all P application rates. In the incubation tests, the EBPR sludge raised the soil P-level from the low range to the medium range. The P-availability in TSP decreased rapidly with time whereas that in S and LS remained almost constant.

Response of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to phosphorus fertilisation on alkaline soils in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Dorahy ◽  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
G. J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Abstract. Seventeen field experiments were conducted on alkaline soils in eastern Australia between 1997 and 2000 to evaluate irrigated cotton response to phosphorus (P) fertilisation. Only 3 experiments demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in crop P uptake or lint yield with P application. Comparison of several soil P tests revealed that Colwell (bicarbonate) P provided the best correlation with P uptake at early flowering and lint yield. Soil P may limit cotton growth where Colwell-P concentrations are <6 mg/kg. Soil P concentrations at most of the sites were well above this critical limit, so P fertiliser application was not required. Average P uptake at physiological cut-out and P removal in seed cotton was 21 and 15 kg P/ha, respectively. Apparent P fertiliser recovery was variable (0–67%) and may have contributed to the lack of response that was observed in 14 out of the 17 experiments. It is recommended that at least 40 kg P/ha be applied to soils with Colwell-P concentrations <6 mg/kg to increase soil P reserves. Application rates of at least 20 kg P/ha are recommended where Colwell-P falls between 6 and 12 mg/kg to maintain soil P fertility.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Sources and Application Rates on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Rice Plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prosper I. Massawe ◽  
Jerome Mrema
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and P use efficiency from Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Minjingu mazao and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizers under irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Lekitatu village, Meru district, Arusha region, Tanzania. The initial soil pH in the two experimental sites was slightly alkaline while total N and available P was low and medium respectively. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted and phosphorus was applied at the rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1 as MPR, Minjingu mazao and TSP. Nitrogen was applied uniformly at a rate of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea taking into account the 10% N contained in the Minjingu mazao fertilizer. Phosphorus application increased N and P contents in the rice plants and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) with the increase of P levels from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1 for all P sources. The site 1 had more PUE than site 2 due to higher moisture content. These effects were due to increased availability and nutrients uptake by plants, particularly P. Based on the results, it is recommended that; Minjingu mazao at the rates of 40 to 60 kg P ha-1, MPR and TSP at a rate of 60 kg P ha-1, respectively have to be adopted for sustainable soil P use in rice production areas of Lekitatu village.

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