Long-term effects of fertilizers and integrated nutrient supply systems in intensive cropping on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and yield of rice

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAIK MOHAMMAD
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Available P ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Continuous Application

The long-term effect of fertilizers and an integrated nutrient supply system was studied in a rice–rice sequence for 8 years at Hyderabad in India from 1988/89 to 1995/96. Nutrient uptake and seed yield improved with increase in fertilizers up to the recommended dose of 120, 60, 40 kg/ha, N, P2O5 and K2O in the rainy and post-rainy seasons during the 8 years sequence cycles. The soil became enriched in organic carbon (OC) and maintained the available P while K concentration was reduced from medium to low status after 8 years. Integrated nutrient supply by incorporating glyricidia or FYM 15 days before transplanting the rice thereby substituting 25% nitrogen in the rainy season and application of only 75% of the recommended fertilizers in the post-rainy season maintained the overall mean yield at a level equal to that from the continuous application of the recommended fertilizer dose. The practice saved 30 kg N, 15 kg P2O5 and 10 kg K2O/ha in every season and improved the OC% and available P of the soil. The overall mean production of rice grain following the substitution of 50% nitrogen with glyricidia in the rainy season and fertilizer application at the recommended dose in the post-rainy season was also equal to that given by the application of the recommended fertilizer dose applied in every season and increased the OC% and available P of the soil. This procedure reduced the fertilizer dose in the rainy season by 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O/ha.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF GRAIN LEGUMES ON RAINY-SEASON SORGHUM PRODUCTIVITY IN A SEMI-ARID TROPICAL VERTISOL

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. REGO ◽  
V. NAGESWARA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Central India ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sorghum Grain

In southern and central India, farmers crop Vertisols only in the post-rainy season, to avoid land management problems in the rainy season. In 1983 ICRISAT established a long-term trial seeking to intensify cropping. The trial included intercrops, sequential crops and appropriate Vertisol management technology to allow consecutive rainy-season and post-rainy season crops to be grown. Benefits provided by legumes to succeeding rainy-season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were analysed in relation to a non-legume system of sorghum + safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Rainy-season sorghum grain yield production was sustained at about 2.7 t ha−1 over 12 years within a continuous sorghum–pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercrop system. With a cowpea–pigeonpea intercrop system, succeeding sorghum benefitted each year by about 40 kg N ha−1 (fertilizer nitrogen (N) equivalent). Without N fertilizer application the sorghum grain yield was around 3.3 t ha−1. Legume benefits were less marked in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based rotation than in the pigeonpea system, in which a 12-year build up of soil total N (about 125 μg g−1) was observed. Although sorghum benefitted from this system, pigeonpea yields declined over time due to soil-borne fungi and nematodes. Wider rotations of crops with pigeonpea may help to overcome these problems, while sustaining sorghum production.

Long-Term Effects of Sustained Beef Feedlot Manure Application on Soil Nutrients, Corn Silage Yield, and Nutrient Uptake

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1672-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Ferguson ◽  
John A. Nienaber ◽  
Roger A. Eigenberg ◽  
Brian L. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Beef Feedlot Manure

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Drought Period

A study was conducted from 1947 to 1966 to determine the long-term effects of row spacings and applications of ammonium phosphate fertilizer (16–20–0) on the productivity and persistence of Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch.The optimum row spacing for highest seed production was 0.9 m, whereas for highest forage production it was 0.6 m. The 280-kg/ha rate of fertilizer significantly increased the seed and forage yield over the 151-kg/ha rate, which in turn significantly increased the yield over the zero fertilizer treatment.Increases in precipitation in August and September increased the seed yield of Russian wild ryegrass the following year. Significant positive correlations were found between forage yields and precipitation during March, April, May, and the previous September for practically all treatments.Width of row increased with age of stand. During the 19-year period there was still bare ground between the grass rows seeded 0.9 and 1.2 m apart. These areas of bare ground were slightly narrower when fertilizer was used, indicating that fertilizer application tended to accelerate row-width development.Russian wild ryegrass was found to have excellent cold tolerance, drought tolerance and persistence. It survived through a long drought period and resisted invasion by weeds and volunteer grass seedlings after the third crop year.

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND THREE ROTATIONS ON WEED COMMUNITIES IN WHEAT (AFTER 21–22 YEARS AT INDIAN HEAD, SASKATCHEWAN)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY HUME
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effect of fertilizer application and three rotations (continuous cropping, fallow-wheat, and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations) on the species composition of the weed community was examined using rotations that had been running for 21–22 yr at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Before spring seeding, stinkweed and lamb’s-quarters were more abundant on wheat after fallow than they were on either wheat following wheat after fallow or on continuous cropping. After seeding, continuous cropping produced the largest weed densities of green foxtail, thyme-leaved spurge, and vetch. In most instances, Canada thistle was most abundant on continuously cropped and nonfertilized plots. After spring seeding, green foxtail was the only species with a larger density on fertilized plots. Interactions between fertilizer application and rotation, and among species, influenced species composition in the weed community. Fertilizer application tended to reduce community differences between continuous cropping and short-term wheat-fallow rotations. Allelopathic effects of Canada thistle may have reduced green foxtail and redroot pigweed densities. With the use of 2-or 3-yr wheat-fallow rotations and herbicide application, weed problems can be minimized in southeastern Saskatchewan.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Quality in Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Peng Zeng ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Jian-Ming Lu ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Li-Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and development; however, long-term effects of N application levels on cane and sugar production in different sugarcane cultivars under field conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the agronomic, yield, and quality traits in three sugarcane cultivars (GT11, B9, and ROC22) under different N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha urea) from 2015 to 2019. Continuous four-year field experiments of plant and ratoon crops were carried out by using two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that N fertilizer application improved the tillering rate, stalk diameter, plant height, stalk weight, millable stalks/ha, cane yield, sugar yield and juice rate of cane, and the difference between N application and non-N application was significant. The cane yield, millable stalks/ha, juice rate, and juice gravity purity increased with the increase of N application, but the milled juice brix and sucrose % cane decreased with the increase of N application. The sugar yield was the highest at 150 kg/ha urea application, while the cane yield was the highest at 300 kg/ha urea application. Different N fertilizer application levels significantly regulated the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate N in plant leaves, which reflected the regulation in nitrogen metabolism and alteration in dry matter production and distribution, cane yield and sugar accumulation in different sugarcane cultivars. During the four-year experiment duration, the cane yield and sugar yield generally showed ROC22 > B9 > GT11. These data suggested that 300 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the plant and first ratoon crops, and 150 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the second and third ratoon crops. Both cane and sugar yields could be the highest in a four-year production cycle under this circumstance.

Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

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