Exchange and the Protection of Java's Antiquities: A Transnational Approach to the Problem of Heritage in Colonial Java

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-916
Author(s):  
Marieke Bloembergen ◽  
Martijn Eickhoff
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Nation State ◽  
State Control ◽  
The World ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
Heritage Politics ◽  
Insight Into

Sites, here the eighth-century Buddhist shrine Borobudur and other remains of the Hindu-Buddhist past located in colonial (predominantly Islamic) Java, are in this article our analytical tool to provide insight into the local and transnational dimensions of heritage politics and processes of in- and exclusion in Asia and Europe around 1900. Because we recognize these “sites” as centers of multiple historical, political, and moral spaces that transgress state boundaries, we take this concept beyond the nation-state-centered lieu de mémoire. By exploring how site-related objects traveled from temple ruins in Java to places elsewhere in the world (here: Siam, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain) and back to Java, we show the transformation of heritage engagements around 1900 at multiple locations, and we make clear why, despite professionalizing state-centered heritage politics, state control was limited. We argue that the mechanisms of exchange and reciprocal interdependence, as theorized by Marcel Mauss, are crucial to understand the moral and economic engagements that define the problem of heritage, at local and transnational levels.

scholarly journals The Rethinking of Great Britain’s Role: From the World Empire to the Nation State

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
O. Zernetska
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Global State ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
British Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
Different Parts

In the article, it is stated that Great Britain had been the biggest empire in the world in the course of many centuries. Due to synchronic and diachronic approaches it was detected time simultaneousness of the British Empire’s development in the different parts of the world. Different forms of its ruling (colonies, dominions, other territories under her auspice) manifested this phenomenon.The British Empire went through evolution from the First British Empire which was developed on the count mostly of the trade of slaves and slavery as a whole to the Second British Empire when itcolonized one of the biggest states of the world India and some other countries of the East; to the Third British Empire where it colonized countries practically on all the continents of the world. TheForth British Empire signifies the stage of its decomposition and almost total down fall in the second half of the 20th century. It is shown how the national liberation moments starting in India and endingin Africa undermined the British Empire’s power, which couldn’t control the territories, no more. The foundation of the independent nation state of Great Britain free of colonies did not lead to lossof the imperial spirit of its establishment, which is manifested in its practical deeds – Organization of the British Commonwealth of Nations, which later on was called the Commonwealth, Brexit and so on.The conclusions are drawn that Great Britain makes certain efforts to become a global state again.

scholarly journals After Less Than 2 Months, the Simulations That Drove the World to Strict Lockdown Appear to be Wrong, the Same of the Policies They Generated

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233339282093232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
British Government ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Protection ◽  
New Evidence

Here, we review modeling predictions for Covid-19 mortality based on recent data. The Imperial College model trusted by the British Government predicted peak mortalities above 170 deaths per million in the United States, and above 215 deaths per million in Great Britain, after more than 2 months from the outbreak, and a length for the outbreak well above 4 months. These predictions drove the world to adopt harsh distancing measures and forget the concept of herd immunity. China had peak mortalities of less than 0.1 deaths per million after 40 days since first deaths, and an 80-day-long outbreak. Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, or Great Britain flattened the curve at 13.6, 28.6, 9.0, 10.6, and 13.9 deaths per million after 40, 39, 33, 44, and 39 days from first deaths, or 31, 29, 24, 38, and 29 days since the daily confirmed deaths reached 0.1 per million people, respectively. The declining curve is much slower for Italy, the Netherlands, or Great Britain than Belgium or Sweden. Opposite to Great Britain, Italy, or Belgium that enforced a complete lockdown, the Netherlands only adopted an “intelligent” lockdown, and Sweden did not adopt any lockdown. However, they achieved better results. Coupled to new evidence for minimal impact of Covid-19 on the healthy population, with the most part not infected even if challenged, or only mild or asymptomatic if infected, there are many good reasons to question the validity of the specific epidemiological model simulations and the policies they produced. Fewer restrictions on the healthy while better protecting the vulnerable would have been a much better option, permitting more sustainable protection of countries otherwise at risk of second waves as soon as the strict measures are lifted.

A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367
Author(s):  
J. Edward Gerald
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
International Federation ◽  
West Germany ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The World ◽  
The Welfare State

The first issues of the I. P. I. Report, published by the International Press Institute, appeared during this quarter. They furnish an unequalled report on communications around the world. L'Echo de la Presse became a weekly on April 11, realizing a seven-year dream of Editor Jacquemart. News developments included progress on reform of the British law of libel, evidence of the growth of advertising in Great Britain during the Socialist emphasis on the welfare state, and consideration of new basic press laws in West Germany, Pakistan and France. The chief editor of a leading Catholic daily in The Netherlands was dismissed. La Prensa of Buenos Aires reappeared as the painted darling of the Peron dictatorship and La Razon of La Paz appeared dead of intimidation by Estenssoro's revolutionary gangs. A leading Communist editor went to jail in France as part of the government's gesture of warning against armed agitation. A new international federation of journalists, the West's answer to the Communist IOJ, elected a famed British labor leader as president.

Australian and Indian Plants: Making Connexions in Nineteenth-Century Botany

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Maroske
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Species Limits ◽  
The World ◽  
Joseph Hooker

Despite the expectation in nineteenth-century botany that the plants of one country were most similar to those of adjacent countries, by the middle of the century it was accepted that there was a connexion between flora of northern Australia and ?India'. The pattern and reasons for plant distribution around the world were studied in the emerging science of phytogeography, but this paper suggests that the strength of the Indo-Australian connexion was influenced by species limits in the established science of phytography or descriptive botany. This paper also shows that while the botany of Australia and ?India' was predominantly studied in European nations, Ferdinand Mueller used resources obtained from Joseph Hooker in Great Britain, and Friedrich Miquel in the Netherlands to add new details to the distribution pattern of ?Indian' plants in northern Australia. Although Mueller was unwilling to reflect on these findings himself, they seemed to challenge attempts to introduce evolutionary and geological explanations into phytogeography.

The International Opium Commission

1909 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World

The International Opium Commission proposed by the United States and accepted by Austria-Hungary, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Russia, and Siam convened at Shanghai on the 1st of last February, completed its study of the opium problem throughout the world, and based on that study, issued nine unanimous declarations. The Commission adjourned on February 27th.

scholarly journals Geen Grenzen Meer: An American Musical's Unlimited Border Crossing

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA MACDONALD ◽  
MYRTE HALMAN
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
American Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
National Borders

Since its 2003 Broadway debut, Wicked's international audiences have embraced productions of the musical in a variety of countries. Wicked has thus conquered the world with its ideological framework of American values, as much as with its story of friendship between two young women. In transcending national borders, Wicked becomes a transnational commodity. We interview Dutch actress Willemijn Verkaik, who discusses her multiple, multilingual and transnational performances as Elphaba in Wicked, and analyse Dutch–American relations and the Netherlands’ lasting role as cultural middleman, suggesting that Verkaik's multinational Elphabas, constructed through a Dutch filter, make her a cultural diplomat, one consistent with the Netherlands’ larger role since the Pilgrims migrated there prior to crossing the Atlantic. The pilgrimages made by the actress, as well as by her international fan base, offer insight into Wicked's powerful position in constructing identities and communities that may no longer be bound by borders.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pollution Related Deficiencies Identified through PSC Inspections for the Period 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5956
Author(s):  
Helena Ukić Boljat ◽  
Merica Slišković ◽  
Igor Jelaska ◽  
Anita Gudelj ◽  
Gorana Jelić Mrčelić
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
State Control ◽  
International Convention ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Port State Control

The aim of this paper is to analyze the available data on recorded ship deficiencies during ship inspections which are related to pollution prevention. The purpose of these inspections regulated under the different Port State Control (PSC) regimes’ Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs), is to detect and disable the operation of substandard ships. The data obtained were sorted according to the six Annexes of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Convention, and a comparison was made within the scope of each Memorandum of Understanding by each of the Annexes and antifouling system. By using a Chi-Squared test and correlation analysis, MoUs are compared and analyzed. The conclusions thus obtained provide an insight into the most common deficiencies regarding pollution prevention in the world fleet, revealing which standards are most often met and which are trying to achieve a better degree of compliance with the standards envisaged by law.

Literary transnationalism: A Europeanist’s perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
World Literature ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Nation State ◽  
European Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
National Literatures

Literary transnationalism is a relatively new term critically mediating the relationships between national literatures and the wider forces of globalizing culture. ‘Literary’ or ‘critical’ ‘transnationalism’ describes aspects of literary circulation and movement that defy reduction to the level of the nation-state. The term originated in American Studies as a means of bringing American literary discourse into a new relationship with the world that it inhabits. Can the concept of ‘transnationalism’ help in broader discussions of world literature and literary globalization? Literary transnationalism in this sense would identify that point at which two or more geo-cultural imaginaries intersect, connect, engage with, disrupt or conflict with each other in literary form. In this article I discuss transnationalism in terms of its origins and intellectual history in order to suggest ways in which transnational theory might be developed as an analytical tool of both global breadth and historical depth with particular reference to European literature.

On Inclusions and Exclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wynne-Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Against the Grain is an approachable book that explores the world of the earliest states, found in Mesopotamia. It is framed by the rationale that a study of the state's deep history might give us insight into contemporary concerns via an understanding of the deep causal links between sedentism, agriculture and state control.

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