An estimate of the effect of abortions on the stillbirth rate

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
The Impact

SummaryConsideration is given to the impact of the change in the Abortion Laws in 1968 on the national stillbirth rate. From investigation of the demographic characteristics of women having abortions it appears that abortions accounted for at least 26% of the fall in the stillbirth rate from 1969 to 1974.

The Digital Divide and K-12 Student Computer Use

10.28945/2926 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Morgan ◽  
Craig A. VanLengen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

The divide between those who have computer and Internet access and those who do not appears to be narrowing, however overall statistics may be misleading. Measures of computer availability in schools often include cases where computers are only available for administration or are available only on a very limited basis (Gootman, 2004). Access to a computer and the Internet outside of school helps to reinforce student learning and emphasize the importance of using technology. Recent U.S. statistics indicate that ethnic background and other demographic characteristics still have substantial impact on the availability and use of computers by students outside of the classroom. This paper examines recent census data to determine the impact of the household on student computer use outside of the classroom. Encouragingly, the findings of this study suggest that use of a computer at school substantially increases the chance that a student will use a computer outside of class. Additionally, this study suggests that computer use outside of the classroom is positively and significantly impacted by being in a household with adults who either use a computer at work or work in an industry where computers are extensively used.

Wybrane socjodemograficzne determinanty postaw konsumentów wobec żywności o obniżonej zawartości cukru

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Staniewska ◽  
Danuta Jakubowska ◽  
Monika Radzymińska
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Indirect Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of socio-demographic variables on consumer attitudes towards food with a reduced sugar content. The study was conducted in educational institutions, a university and educational centers for seniors located in the Warmia-Mazury, using a survey research method, indirect technique (an original interview questionnaire). In total, 750 respondents were interviewed. The majority of respondents, regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, assesses the health benefits of the sugar content reduction as large and rather large. Despite this, a relatively small portion of respondents, varied by gender and age, used in their diets sugar substitutes and was interested in products with a reduced sugar content. According to the most of the respondents, lowering the sugar content of a product affects the deterioration of its flavor.

Zastosowanie modelu logitowego do analizy czynników wpływających na bezrobocie wśród ludności wiejskiej

2015 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kmieć
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Personal Competencies ◽  
The Impact

The paper attempts to identify the causes of unemployment among the rural population. Logit model was used to determine the size of the impact of explanatory factors examined the situation in the labor market. The following potential predictors were considered: socio-demographic characteristics and household income, improving one’s skills through training and personal competencies.

scholarly journals Impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluso Ishola ◽  
U. Vivian Ukah ◽  
Arijit Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Women’S Health Services ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A country’s abortion law is a key component in determining the enabling environment for safe abortion. While restrictive abortion laws still prevail in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many countries have reformed their abortion laws, with the majority of them moving away from an absolute ban. However, the implications of these reforms on women’s access to and use of health services, as well as their health outcomes, is uncertain. First, there are methodological challenges to the evaluation of abortion laws, since these changes are not exogenous. Second, extant evaluations may be limited in terms of their generalizability, given variation in reforms across the abortion legality spectrum and differences in levels of implementation and enforcement cross-nationally. This systematic review aims to address this gap. Our aim is to systematically collect, evaluate, and synthesize empirical research evidence concerning the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on changes in abortion laws and women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will search Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as grey literature and reference lists of included studies for further relevant literature. As our goal is to draw inference on the impact of abortion law reforms, we will include quasi-experimental studies examining the impact of change in abortion laws on at least one of our outcomes of interest. We will assess the methodological quality of studies using the quasi-experimental study designs series checklist. Due to anticipated heterogeneity in policy changes, outcomes, and study designs, we will synthesize results through a narrative description. Discussion This review will systematically appraise and synthesize the research evidence on the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will examine the effect of legislative reforms and investigate the conditions that might contribute to heterogeneous effects, including whether specific groups of women are differentially affected by abortion law reforms. We will discuss gaps and future directions for research. Findings from this review could provide evidence on emerging strategies to influence policy reforms, implement abortion services and scale up accessibility. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019126927

The Impact of Recent Changes in Therapeutic Abortion Laws

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES B. KAHN ◽  
JUDITH P. BOURNE ◽  
CARL W. TYLER<
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Scams Among Us: Who Falls Prey and Why

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142199548
Author(s):  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Stacey Wood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
The Impact

Not a week goes by without stories about scams appearing in popular media outlets. Given the ease with which scams can be circulated, they have become one of the most common crimes globally, inflicting high emotional, financial, and psychological tolls on millions of individuals. Despite their profound and pervasive impact, researchers know relatively little about why some individuals fall victim to scams but others remain immune to the techniques utilized by scammers to lure potential victims. For example, research thus far provides mixed results about the impact of demographic characteristics (e.g., age) as well as personality variables (e.g., risk taking) on individuals’ susceptibility to scams. Even less is known about how the nature or type of scam affects an individual’s susceptibility. Gaining a deeper understanding of these issues is the key to being able to develop preventive programs and reduce the prevalence of victimization. Here, we discuss some promising directions, existing gaps in current knowledge, and the need for decision scientists to address this important problem.

Abstract P116: VARIATION IN MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP) AND ITS HEMODYNAMIC COMPONENTS DURING 24-HOUR AMBULATORY PULSE WAVE ANALYSIS: IMPACT OF AGE, RACE, GENDER AND BODY SIZE

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Nagpal ◽  
Debduti Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Peter Osmond ◽  
Joseph E Schwartz ◽  
Joseph L Izzo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Pulse Wave Analysis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
The Impact

BP is highly variable within and between individuals but the impact of variation in underlying hemodynamic components is unknown. We tested the feasibility and clinical associations of quantitated variances in MAP and its hemodynamic components [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and total vascular resistance (TVR)] obtained by 24-hr ambulatory pulse wave analysis (PWA, Mobil-O-Graph, IEM, Stolzberg, DE). BP and PWA were measured every 20 min for 24 hrs. Indexed to body surface area, MAP = HR*[SV index (SVI)]*[TVR index (TVRI)]; ln(MAP) = ln(HR) + ln(SVI) + ln(TVRI); and total MAP variability = var [ln(MAP)] = covariance (cov)[ln(HR), ln(MAP)] + cov[ln(SVI), ln(MAP)] + cov[ln(TVRI), ln(MAP)]. Relative contributions to var[ln(MAP)] for each hemodynamic component (as %) were calculated and associations with demographic characteristics were analyzed by correlations and t-tests. We studied 152 people (49% women, 23% black); mean(SD): # readings 57(11), age 59(16) yr, BMI 29.9(6.5) kg/m 2 , systolic BP 135(18) and MAP 106(14) mmHg. Mean(SD) 24-hr values were: ln(MAP) 4.64 (0.13), ln(HR) 4.20 (0.15), ln(SVI) -3.32 (0.15), and ln(TVRI) 3.75 (0.18). Relative contributions of hemodynamic components to total 24-hr ln(MAP) variation were: TVRI 54(36)%, HR 33(38)%, and SVI 13(40)%. The large SDs of these relative contributions led to analysis of potential contributing factors: TVRI contribution was correlated with 24-hr mean MAP (r=0.24, p=0.003) and was higher (>54%) in males (p=0.03) and blacks (p=0.04); HR contribution was inversely related to MAP (r=-0.26, p=0.001), age (r=-0.29, p=0.0003) and BMI (r=-0.173 p=0.05) and was lower (<33%) in blacks (p=0.008); SVI contribution was correlated with age (r=0.31, p<0.0001) and BMI (r=0.23, p=0.005) and was higher (>13%) in women (p=0.03). We conclude that 24-hr ambulatory PWA can identify components of MAP variation within individuals and their associations with demographic factors. The relative contributions of hemodynamic components (HR, SV, TVR) to 24-hr variability in ln(MAP) varies systematically with 24-hr mean MAP, age, race, gender, and BMI. Theoretical clinical implications may include therapeutic adjustments for extremes of variation in HR (beta-blockers), TVR (vasodilators) or SV (diuretics).

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