Infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Independent Effects

SummarySocioeconomic differences and trends in infant and child mortality in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1975 World Fertility Survey and 1979 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. There is evidence of some recent decline in infant and child mortality. Logit analysis of infant and child mortality indicates that sociodemographic variables such as mother's education, recent period, or higher birth orders, had significant independent effects upon the reduction of infant and child mortality. Other variables such as fetal loss, father's education, or land ownership had no consistent significant effect of upon infant and child mortality. On the other hand, the effect of urban residence on infant and child mortality was positive after the control of the sociodemographic variables. Mere concentration on the supply of modern medical services may bring limited returns unless they are reinforced by appropriate social changes, in particular those affecting the socioeconomic status of women.

Infant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Rafiquel Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Child Health

SummaryInfant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Both infant and child mortality declined from the mid 1970s but infant mortality declined more quickly. The level of infant mortality in 1989 was around 100 per 1000 live births while child mortality (5q) was 200 per 1000 live births. Life table analysis confirms the change in infant and child mortality.The decline in infant mortality is attributed to the introduction of improved public health measures and access to maternal and child health services.

Maternal factors and infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Kashem Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age At Birth

SummaryMultivariate analysis of the effects of maternal age at birth, birth order and the preceding birth interval on mortality risks in early childhood, using data from the Bangladesh Fertility Survey, 1975–76, confirms that the length of the preceding birth interval is the most influential single factor. But the lower mortality risks among infants and children of educated mothers are due neither to the age at which childbearing was initiated nor to the spacing between births.

scholarly journals Determinants of Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality in Pakistan

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (4II) ◽  
pp. 723-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arshad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Independent Effects

Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. The inverse relationship between socio-economic variables of the parents and infant and child mortality is well established by several studies [Muhuri (1995); Forste (1994); Hobcraft, et al. (1984); Caldwell (1979); Sathar (1985, 1987)] and it holds true irrespective of the overall level of mortality in the national populations [Ruzicka (1989)]. The influence of parental education on infant and child health and mortality has proved to be universally significant [Bicego and Boerma (1993); Caldwell, et al. (1990)]. The father’s education, mother’s education and their work status each have independent effects upon child survival in developing countries [Sandiford, et al. (1995); Forste (1994); Caldwell, et al. (1983)]. Economic conditions of the household also help in explaining the variation in infant and child mortality. The nature of housing, diet, access to and availability of water and sanitary conditions as well as medical attention all depend on the economic conditions of the household. For example, poor families may reside in crowded, unhygienic housing and, thus, suffer from infectious disease associated with inadequate and contaminated water supplies and with poor sanitation [Esrey and Habicht (1986)].

Birth weight and other determinants of infant and child mortality in three provinces of China

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dankert ◽  
J. van Ginneken
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Mother’S Education

SummaryInformation on levels, trends and determinants of infant and child mortality was available from the 1985 In-depth Fertility Survey which was conducted in three provinces of China. Mortality of children below age 5 varied from 49 per 1000 live births in Shaanxi to 20 in Shanghai in 1980–85 and has declined substantially since 1960, from 206 in Shaanxi and 66 in Shanghai. Male mortality was considerably higher than female mortality in the neonatal and post-neonatal period, and at ages 1–5 years. Birth weight, place of residence and mother's education were found to be important determinants of mortality; age of mother and parity were less important.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY DETERMINANTS IN BANGLADESH: ARE THEY CHANGING?

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABUL KASHEM MAJUMDER ◽  
MARIAN MAY ◽  
PRAKASH DEV PANT
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

From the data of the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey, aggregate deaths reported at ages 0-12 and 13-60 months are used to estimate infant and child mortality. Multivariate analysis shows that preceding birth interval length, followed by survival status of the immediately preceding child, are the most important factors associated with differential infant and child mortality risks; sex of the index child and mother's and father's education are also significant. Demographic factors are influential during infancy as well as childhood, but social factors, particularly mother's and father's education, now emerge as significant predictors of infant mortality risks. This indicates a change in the role of socioeconomic factors, since the earlier Bangladesh Fertility Survey in 1975.

Factors affecting infant and child mortality

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun L. Adlakha ◽  
C. M. Suchindran
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Infant Loss ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThis paper examines the determinants of infant and child mortality variations in four near east countries using data from WFS surveys. The analysis considers biological correlates of mortality—mother's age, birth order, birth interval, and previous infant loss—and several social factors—mother's and father's education, mother's residence, father's occupation, and mother's work experience since marriage. A multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model is carried out to obtain the net effect of each factor on mortality. Separate models are constructed for infant mortality and childhood mortality and for each country.The four countries show large variations in mortality, but this is persistently higher in female than male children. All four demographic characteristics affect mortality significantly, especially the length of the preceding birth interval. Among the socioeconomic variables, only rural–urban residence is influential.

Effect of education and household characteristics on infant and child mortality in urban Nepal

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Dev Pant
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Using Data

SummaryInfant and child mortality differentials are analysed by education of parents and other family members, access to toilet, electricity and source of drinking water in urban Nepal, using data from the Nepal Fertility and Family Planning Survey, 1986. The analyses showed significant effects of education, access to toilet and electricity in lowering infant and child mortality. Access to toilet and electricity are proxies for house-hold socioeconomic status which suggests that education and household resources are complementary in lowering the infant and child mortality.

Infant and child mortality in Pakistan—some trends and differentials

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
First Order ◽  
Child Education ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
And Migration

SummaryData from reproductive histories collected in the Population, Labour Force and Migration Survey of 1979 are used to analyse trends and differentials in infant and child mortality in Pakistan. Comparisons with the Pakistan Fertility Survey findings are also presented. Whereas levels differ substantially across the two surveys, trends and differentials are generally similar. Infant–child mortality seems to have declined until the mid-1960s, stabilized for some years and even risen slightly in the latest period of the two surveys.Neonatal mortality is responsible for a high proportion of deaths under age 1 and is particularly high for first order births and children born to very young or very old mothers. Higher infant and childhood mortality are also related to these factors and also to a shorter preceding birth interval, the early death of the preceding child and sex of the child. Education of mother and residence were also found to be critical determinants of infant and child mortality.

Effect of birth spacing on infant and child mortality in rural Nepal

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhakta B. Gubhaju
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Rural Nepal

SummaryThis examination of the effect of birth spacing on infant and child mortality in rural Nepal is based on data from the Nepal Fertility Survey 1976 carried out by the Nepal Family Planning and Maternal Child Health Project in collaboration with the World Fertility Survey. The study confirms that the higher risk of infant death to first-born children is mainly due to the higher proportions of younger women having first births, rather than due to their being first order births per se. The effect of maternal age on infant and child mortality is largely associated with birth interval. Previous birth interval, therefore, stands out as the most important factor affecting infant mortality; the next most important factor is the survival of the preceding child.

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