scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LIKELIHOOD OF FURTHER MOVEMENT AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA: A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT APPROACH

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Suryawanshi ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Shalini Bharat
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex

SummaryFemale sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to HIV infection. Their socioeconomic and behavioural vulnerabilities are crucial push factors for movement for sex work. This paper assesses the factors associated with the likelihood of movement of sex workers from their current place of work. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 5498 mobile FSWs in 22 districts of high in-migration across four states in southern India. A multinomial logit model was constructed to predict the likelihood of FSWs moving from their current place of work. Ten per cent of the sampled mobile FSWs were planning to move from their current place of sex work. Educational attainment, marital status, income at current place of work, debt, sexual coercion, experience of violence and having tested for HIV and collected the results were found to be significant predictors of the likelihood of movement from the current place of work. Consistent condom use with different clients was significantly low among those planning to move. Likewise, the likelihood of movement was significantly higher among those who had any STI symptom in the last six months and those who had a high self-perceived risk of HIV. The findings highlight the need to address factors associated with movement among mobile FSWs as part of HIV prevention and access to care interventions.

scholarly journals HIV testing behaviour and HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Ukraine: findings from an Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey, 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tokar ◽  
Iana Sazonova ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Pavlo Smyrnov ◽  
Tetiana Saliuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Test Result

ObjectivesUkraine has one of the largest HIV epidemics in Europe, with high prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs). We aimed to identify factors associated with HIV testing and receipt of the test result in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs in Ukraine.MethodsWe used data from an Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey among FSWs conducted in 2013–2014. The survey methodology combined three sampling strategies: time and location sampling, respondent-driven sampling and key informant recruitment. We used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with self-reported HIV testing in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs living with HIV. Explored factors included: age, age at first sex, age at entry into sex work, education, marital status, employment status beside sex work, condom use with last paying or non-paying sexual partner, drug or alcohol consumption and sex work venue.ResultsRecent HIV testing was low overall with only 63.2% of FSWs reported having tested and received their test result in the last 12 months prior to the survey. HIV prevalence was 7.1% overall, but only 45.0% of FSWs living with HIV were aware of their HIV status. Testing in the last 12 months with receipt of test result was less common among FSWs who used drugs ever in life (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9), women soliciting clients indoors (AOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) and those not using a condom with last paying sexual partner (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5). HIV positivity was associated with history of ever using drugs (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.6) and soliciting clients outdoors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0). Women working indoors were less aware of their positive status (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9).ConclusionHIV prevalence is high among FSWs in Ukraine, and testing and knowledge of one’s status remain insufficient. HIV testing programmes need to expand with strategies to reach specific subgroups of FSWs.

scholarly journals Factors associated with pathways toward concurrent sex work and injection drug use among female sex workers who inject drugs in northern Mexico

Addiction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan D. Morris ◽  
Hector Lemus ◽  
Karla D. Wagner ◽  
Gustavo Martinez ◽  
Remedios Lozada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals Factors associated with alcohol use before sex among HIV-negative female sex workers in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Kalonde Malama ◽  
Luis Sagaon-Teyssier ◽  
Rachel Parker ◽  
Amanda Tichacek ◽  
Tyronza Sharkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of HIV infection. Alcohol use prior to sex can compound this risk. We investigated the factors associated with having sex under the influence of alcohol among Zambian FSWs. Community health workers and peer FSWs recruited 331 HIV-negative FSWs in Lusaka and Ndola. In a cross-sectional survey, we asked FSWs how often they had sex under the influence of alcohol in the previous month and categorised responses as ‘always’ and ‘not always’. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of always having sex under the influence of alcohol were higher among FSWs who charged clients medium (AOR: 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.68) and low fees (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.26–5.60) for sex versus high fees; received 9–19 (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.15–4.91) and 20 or more clients per month (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.47–6.37) versus up to 8 clients per month; and never used condoms versus always used condoms with clients (AOR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.53–11.55). FSWs who always used alcohol before sex appeared more likely to engage in riskier sex and charge clients lower fees. Interventions for financial empowerment and alcohol risk reduction should complement existing HIV prevention interventions for FSWs.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Uchenna O. Okafor ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Egbe A. Awo ◽  
Bart Van Den Borne
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies

A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.

MOTIVATIONS FOR ENTRY INTO SEX WORK AND HIV RISK AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIRANJAN SAGGURTI ◽  
RAVI K. VERMA ◽  
SHIVA S. HALLI ◽  
SUVAKANTA N. SWAIN ◽  
RAJENDRA SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Family Tradition

SummaryThis paper assesses the reasons for entry into sex work and its association with HIV risk behaviours among mobile female sex workers (FSWs) in India. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 22 districts across four high HIV prevalence states in India during 2007–2008. Analyses were limited to 5498 eligible mobile FSWs. The reasons given by FSWs for entering sex work and associations with socio-demographic characteristics were assessed. Reported reasons for entering sex work include poor or deprived economic conditions; negative social circumstances in life; own choice; force by an external person; and family tradition. The results from multivariate analyses indicate that those FSWs who entered sex work due to poor economic conditions or negative social circumstances in life or force demonstrated elevated levels of current inconsistent condom use as well as in the past in comparison with those FSWs who reported entering sex work by choice or family tradition. This finding indicates the need for a careful assessment of the pre-entry contexts among HIV prevention interventions since these factors may continue to hinder the effectiveness of efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in India and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among female sex workers in Nagaland, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Gajendra K. Medhi ◽  
Jagadish Mahanta ◽  
Sanjib K. Phukan ◽  
Ramesh S. Paranjape ◽  
Michelle Kermode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex

Background: There is limited knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among women practicing sex work in the high HIV prevalence settings of northeast India, especially in Nagaland. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among female sex workers (FSW) in Dimapur, Nagaland.Methods: 417 FSWs were recruited into this cross–sectional study using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) in 2009. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviours and exposure to prevention interventions were collected from them and urine samples were tested for NG and CT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with NG and CT.Results: The RDS-adjusted prevalence of HIV, NG and CT was 11.4%, 6.6% and 19.5% respectively. The reported condom use with clients and regular sex partners were only 29.1% and 9.6% respectively. Being in the sex trade within the last 2 years was independently associated with greater risk for NG and CT. Having more than 5 clients was independently associated with greater likelihood for CT and seropositivity for HIV was independently associated with NG.Conclusions: High prevalence of NG/CT was documented among FSWs with relatively new entrants into sex trade having the highest risk. The combination of high STI prevalence and low consistent condom use is likely to contribute to an escalating HIV epidemic in this already high HIV prevalence setting. There is need to strengthen public health measures for screening and management of NG and CT among FSWs.

scholarly journals “I did not plan to have a baby. This is the outcome of our work”: a qualitative study exploring unintended pregnancy among female sex workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Faini ◽  
Patricia Munseri ◽  
Muhammad Bakari ◽  
Eric Sandström ◽  
Elisabeth Faxelid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Female Sex

Abstract Background High number of unintended pregnancies—often leading to induced abortions—are reported among female sex workers (FSWs), highlighting a major unmet need for contraception. To better understand barriers to contraceptive use, we explored FSW’s pregnancy perceptions and experiences of unintended pregnancy. We hypothesized that sex work exacerbates barriers to contraceptive use and that FSW’s pregnancy perceptions and experiences of unintended pregnancy influence future commitment to contraceptive use. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 FSWs (January–June 2019) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We purposively sampled FSWs with a positive pregnancy test from those participating in a HIV vaccine preparedness cohort. We used open ended questions to explore how FSWs make decisions when facing barriers to contraceptive use, dealing with unintended pregnancy and adhering to contraceptive use after experiencing unintended pregnancy. All interviews were conducted in Kiswahili, audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Grounded theory approach was used to analyse transcripts. Open and selective coding was performed using Nvivo software. Results FSWs reported that sex work impedes good contraceptive behaviour because sex workers felt unable to negotiate consistent condom use, avoided health services due to stigma, missed monthly contraceptive supplies because of inconvenient clinic operating hours or skipped contraceptive pills when intoxicated after taking alcohol. FSWs who perceived pregnancy to be a burden terminated the pregnancy because of fear of loss of income during pregnancy or child rearing expenses in case child support was not assured by their partners. FSWs who perceived pregnancy to be a blessing decided to keep the pregnancy because they desired motherhood and hoped that children would bring prosperity. Family planning counselling and availability of contraceptives during postpartum care influenced the initiation of contraception among FSWs. Financial hardships related to childrearing or painful abortion experiences influenced FSWs’ commitment to good contraceptive practices. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that FSWs face barriers to initiating and adhering to contraceptive use because of sex work stigma, inability to negotiate condoms and failure to access medical services at their convenience. Our findings underscore the need to integrate contraceptive services with HIV programs serving FSWs in their areas of work.

HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Moscow (Russia): prevalence and associated risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Adeline Bernier ◽  
Tatiana Rumyantseva ◽  
Laura Reques ◽  
Natalia Volkova ◽  
Yan Kyburz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with HIV and five other STIs among outdoor female sex workers (OSFW) and indoor FSW (IFSW).MethodsCross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling methodology. Participants answered a bio-behavioural questionnaire and were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), syphilis (lifetime contact) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Weighted HIV and other STIs prevalence and 95% CIs were calculated. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with having at least one STI (including HIV).ResultsBetween October 2017 and July 2018, 385 FSW participants were recruited, among whom 206 (53.5%) were IFSW and 179 (46.5%) were OFSW. The mean age was 31.4 years. Weighted HIV prevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 1.5 to 7.0). Weighted prevalence of other STIs was: 4.1% (95% CI 2.2 to 8.0) for NG, 8.8% (95% CI 5.9 to 13.0) for CT, 12.7% (95% CI 8.6 to 18.0) for TV, 13.9% (95% CI 9.9 to 19.0) for syphilis (lifetime contact) and 14.9% (95% CI 10.5 to 21.0) for MG. STI prevalence was significantly higher among OFSW for CT, TV and MG (p<0.001). In total, 43.2% of the participants had at least one HIV/STI. Factors associated with having HIV/STI were being an OFSW (OR 3.29; 95% CI 1.72 to 6.27); being registered in another Russian region (2.61 (95% CI 1.05 to 6.48)); having never been tested for HIV (2.51 (95% CI 0.98 to 6.41)) and having a low level of knowledge regarding HIV transmission (4.88 (95% CI 0.96 to 24.78)).ConclusionPrevalence of HIV and STIs was high among FSW in Moscow. OFSW were more vulnerable to STIs. There is an urgent need to tailor programmes for sexual and reproductive health for FSW in Russia.

scholarly journals Trust as a Determinant Factor for Condom Use among Female Sex Workers in Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Pande Putu Januraga ◽  
Hailay Abrha Gesesew ◽  
Paul R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex

Female sex workers (FSWs) decision to use or not to use condoms depends on several issues, including the decision to trust their client or not, a matter given little attention in previous research. This paper explores the role of trust in consistent condom use among FSWs. We used a cross-sectional survey among FSWs in Bali, Indonesia. The outcome variable for this study was condom use, and independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, social capital dimensions and HIV prevention practices. In total, 406 FSWs participated in the study. Of these, 48% of FSWs used condoms consistently with paying clients over the last month. The following FSWs were less likely to consistently use condoms with clients: FSWs who did not trust that their peer FSWs will use condoms (AOR = 9.3, 95% CI, 3.3–26.2), FSWs who did not feel valued by the people at their location (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–11.6), FSWs who did not graduate from primary or never went to school (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.03–5.6), and FSWs who have worked more than five years as FSWs (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI, 1.2–29.2). Our results highlight higher rates of inconsistent condom use related to lower trust and feelings of being valued between FSWs, identifying areas for policy and practice attention.

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