The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-314
Author(s):  
A. Carrieri ◽  
M. Sans ◽  
J. E. Dipierri ◽  
E. Alfaro ◽  
E. Mamolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
South West ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Electoral Register ◽  
Range Migration ◽  
And Migration

AbstractSurname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of 2,501,774 people on the electoral register was studied in the nineteen departments of Uruguay. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate isonymic parameters. Isolation by Distance was measured by correlating isonymic and geographic distances. In the study sample, the most frequent surnames were consistently Spanish, reflecting the fact that the first immigration waves occurred before Uruguayan independence. Only a few surnames of Native origin were recorded. The effective surname number (α) for the entire country was 302, and the average for departments was 235.8 ± 19. Inbreeding estimates were lower in the south-west of the country and in the densely populated Montevideo area. Isonymic distances between departments were significantly correlated with linear geographic distance (p < 0.001) indicating continuously increasing surname distances up to 400 km. Surnames form clusters related to geographic regions affected by different historical processes. The isonymic structure of Uruguay shows a radiation towards the east and north, with short-range migration playing a major role, while the contribution of drift, considering the small variance of α, appears to be minor.

The Sixteenth-Century Zinacantepec Census: Between Ethnohistory and Historical Demography

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-315
Author(s):  
Amos Megged
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Toluca Valley ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Town

Abstract While earlier census studies yielded population data mainly for the Tepetlaoztoc and Morelos regions of central Mexico during the 1530s and 1540s, this ethnohistoric study, based on a newly discovered manuscript, sheds light on household types and population density in the town of Zinacantepec by 1574. By comparing population figures, household types, and migration patterns, this article reconsiders how Aztec invasion, and thereafter the Spanish conquest, affected population movements and stability in the Valley of Toluca, a former Aztec stronghold in central Mexico. Furthermore, the nature of Toluca Valley habitats may prompt us to rethink about how we interpret the nature of indigenous demographic layouts before and after the Spanish conquest, whether its features be urban or rural.

Personal Names as Evidence for Migrants and Migration in Medieval England

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Peter McClure
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration

This chapter examines the extent to which given names (birth names) and second names (bynames and hereditary surnames) can reliably indicate the origins or ethnicity of individual migrants between the ninth and the fifteen centuries, and how such names may be used en masse to reveal migration patterns, whether they reflect military conquest, international trade or population movements within England itself. Particular attention is given to the names of Vikings, Normans, Flemings and Jews, among others, and to questions of social class and gender. A central theme is the sometimes complex, ambiguous or incomplete nature of the data and the need for a discriminating methodology in which onomastics(the study of names),historical linguistics and prosopography (the collective study of individuals’ lives) are seen as complementary disciplines, acting as checks and balances on each other’s conclusions.

Population trends and migration patterns in the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola) in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Chang-uk Park ◽  
Kyoung-Soon Jin ◽  
Yang-Mo Kim ◽  
Hee-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Trends ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

Lake Sturgeon Geographic Range, Distribution, and Migration Patterns in the Saskatchewan River

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Wishingrad ◽  
Meghan K. Carr ◽  
Michael S. Pollock ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Range Distribution ◽  
And Migration

Variations in the distribution and migration of centriole duplexes in mitotic PtK2 cells studied by immunofluorescence microscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Aubin ◽  
M. Osborn ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Membrane Breakdown ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Tubulin Antibodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules ◽  
And Migration

The localization and migration of centriole duplexes have been studied in PtK2 cells by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using specific tubulin antibodies. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the immunofluorescence technique to quantitate studies of centriole migration and concomitant events such as cytoplasmic microtubule breakdown in large populations of cells. Centriole duplex locations in normal and Colcemid-treated interphase populations have been compared with duplex locations in prophase cells. A higher percentage of duplexes were found close to the nucleus in prophase than in interphase cells, but approximately 5% of the duplexes remained in the cytoplasm far removed from the nucleus in prophase and throughout the course of duplex separation. Duplex separation occurred along a wide variety of paths and duplexes did not have to be closely juxtaposed to the nuclear envelope for separation to occur. Some duplexes separated in the cytoplasm with no detectable nuclear attachment, with spindles forming far to the side of the condensing chromosomes. The timing of duplex separation did not always coincide either with chromosome condensation or with nuclear membrane breakdown, and in a small percentage of the cells separation occurred as late as prometaphase. These data suggest that normal spindle formation can occur despite the large variability in initial and final centriole duplex location, their migration patterns, and the timing of the different events. Breakdown of cytoplasmic microtubules began in prophase and progressed until prometaphase; the last cytoplasmic microtubules disappeared soon after the loss of the nuclear membrane.

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