The Sixteenth-Century Zinacantepec Census: Between Ethnohistory and Historical Demography

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-315
Author(s):  
Amos Megged
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Toluca Valley ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Town

Abstract While earlier census studies yielded population data mainly for the Tepetlaoztoc and Morelos regions of central Mexico during the 1530s and 1540s, this ethnohistoric study, based on a newly discovered manuscript, sheds light on household types and population density in the town of Zinacantepec by 1574. By comparing population figures, household types, and migration patterns, this article reconsiders how Aztec invasion, and thereafter the Spanish conquest, affected population movements and stability in the Valley of Toluca, a former Aztec stronghold in central Mexico. Furthermore, the nature of Toluca Valley habitats may prompt us to rethink about how we interpret the nature of indigenous demographic layouts before and after the Spanish conquest, whether its features be urban or rural.

Personal Names as Evidence for Migrants and Migration in Medieval England

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Peter McClure
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration

This chapter examines the extent to which given names (birth names) and second names (bynames and hereditary surnames) can reliably indicate the origins or ethnicity of individual migrants between the ninth and the fifteen centuries, and how such names may be used en masse to reveal migration patterns, whether they reflect military conquest, international trade or population movements within England itself. Particular attention is given to the names of Vikings, Normans, Flemings and Jews, among others, and to questions of social class and gender. A central theme is the sometimes complex, ambiguous or incomplete nature of the data and the need for a discriminating methodology in which onomastics(the study of names),historical linguistics and prosopography (the collective study of individuals’ lives) are seen as complementary disciplines, acting as checks and balances on each other’s conclusions.

The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-314
Author(s):  
A. Carrieri ◽  
M. Sans ◽  
J. E. Dipierri ◽  
E. Alfaro ◽  
E. Mamolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
South West ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Electoral Register ◽  
Range Migration ◽  
And Migration

AbstractSurname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of 2,501,774 people on the electoral register was studied in the nineteen departments of Uruguay. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate isonymic parameters. Isolation by Distance was measured by correlating isonymic and geographic distances. In the study sample, the most frequent surnames were consistently Spanish, reflecting the fact that the first immigration waves occurred before Uruguayan independence. Only a few surnames of Native origin were recorded. The effective surname number (α) for the entire country was 302, and the average for departments was 235.8 ± 19. Inbreeding estimates were lower in the south-west of the country and in the densely populated Montevideo area. Isonymic distances between departments were significantly correlated with linear geographic distance (p < 0.001) indicating continuously increasing surname distances up to 400 km. Surnames form clusters related to geographic regions affected by different historical processes. The isonymic structure of Uruguay shows a radiation towards the east and north, with short-range migration playing a major role, while the contribution of drift, considering the small variance of α, appears to be minor.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Underwater Archaeological Objects from the Nevado de Toluca, Mexico

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1705-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Martínez-Carrillo ◽  
C Solís ◽  
I Hernández Bautista ◽  
R Junco Sánchez ◽  
M Rodríguez-Ceja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Toluca Valley ◽  
Nevado De Toluca ◽  
Archaeological Objects ◽  
La Luna

ABSTRACTThe Nevado de Toluca is a stratovolcano located in the southwest of the Toluca Valley in central Mexico. At a height of around 4200 m there are two crater lakes: El Sol and La Luna. Since Precolumbian times, people in the surrounding valleys carried out rituals and deposited offerings into the lakes. After the Spanish conquest, these rituals were kept alive clandestinely. Currently, reminiscent of Mesoamerican rituals subsist. Due to the long duration of the ritual at the Nevado de Toluca, it is important to date the materials recovered in the underwater and terrestrial archaeological explorations. This article proposes a chronology of Prehispanic ritual activities performed in the Nevado de Toluca based on the characterization and radiocarbon (14C) dating performed to materials from the volcano’s lakes.

Enlightening Symbols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Number System ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Rhetorical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Different Cultures

While all of us regularly use basic mathematical symbols such as those for plus, minus, and equals, few of us know that many of these symbols weren't available before the sixteenth century. What did mathematicians rely on for their work before then? And how did mathematical notations evolve into what we know today? This book explains the fascinating history behind the development of our mathematical notation system. It shows how symbols were used initially, how one symbol replaced another over time, and how written math was conveyed before and after symbols became widely adopted. Traversing mathematical history and the foundations of numerals in different cultures, the book looks at how historians have disagreed over the origins of the number system for the past two centuries. It follows the transfigurations of algebra from a rhetorical style to a symbolic one, demonstrating that most algebra before the sixteenth century was written in prose or in verse employing the written names of numerals. It also investigates the subconscious and psychological effects that mathematical symbols have had on mathematical thought, moods, meaning, communication, and comprehension. It considers how these symbols influence us (through similarity, association, identity, resemblance, and repeated imagery), how they lead to new ideas by subconscious associations, how they make connections between experience and the unknown, and how they contribute to the communication of basic mathematics. From words to abbreviations to symbols, this book shows how math evolved to the familiar forms we use today.

Population trends and migration patterns in the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola) in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Chang-uk Park ◽  
Kyoung-Soon Jin ◽  
Yang-Mo Kim ◽  
Hee-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Trends ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration

STUDY OF CXCL12, CCR4, EGFR GENE EXPRESSION IN MIGRATING MYELOMONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. B. Filina ◽  
O. A. Svitich ◽  
Yu. I. Ammur ◽  
A. K. Golenkov ◽  
E. F. Klinushkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemokine Cxcl12 ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cell Chemotaxis

Аim. A study of CXCL12 effect on the migration of mononuclear cells isolated from healthy patients, from patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia before and after chemotherapy and the study of CCR4, EGFR and CXCL12 genes expression after exposure to CXCL12. Materials and methods. The chemotaxis of mononuclear cells (MNCs) of healthy donors and patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia was studied in a Boyden chamber, followed by isolation of RNA, reverse transcription and PCR-RV. Results. A significant increase in myelomonoblasic cell chemotaxis towards CXCL12 after chemotherapy was demonstrated, as well as a decrease in the expression of this chemokine in tumor cells before chemotherapy after exposure to CXCL12. Сonclusion. Presumably, the tumor cells themselves produce CXCL12 in large amounts, which is necessary for the disturbance of intercellular interactions and further intravasation, whose production may decrease with external stimulation by the same chemokine. CXCL12 also helps to increase the expression level of EGFR and CCR4, which leads to increased tumor proliferation and migration of tumor cells.

Migration Patterns and Labor Market Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anda David ◽  
Mohamed Ali Marouani
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatial Composition

This chapter focuses on the external effects of emigration on non-migrants, and particularly on the interactions with labor market outcomes in Tunisia before and after the revolution. Using the new Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey (TLMPS), we conduct an in-depth analysis of the structure and dynamics of migration, including the profile of migrants and their origin households, mainly in terms of skills and spatial composition. We investigate transition matrices, employment status, income for current migrants and returnees, and the evolution of remittances. Our analysis confirms the role of emigration as a safety valve for the Tunisian labor market. Moreover, origin households of migrants have a significantly higher wealth index. Our analysis also tends to confirm the effects of remittances on labor supply of non-migrants, which can have a negative impact on Tunisia’s unemployment rate when a crisis in destination countries affects the remittance rate negatively.

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

Residue Analysis of Cooking Vessels from Early Postclassic Xaltocan, Central Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kristin De Lucia ◽  
Linda Scott Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Ceramic Vessels

This article examines the use of cooking vessels from Early Postclassic (AD 900–1250) Xaltocan, Mexico, through residue analysis of ceramic sherds. The analysis combined phytolith and starch analyses with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Because our understanding of prehispanic foodways in central Mexico is based largely on sources that describe or depict Aztec practices in the sixteenth century, we ask how foods were similar or different prior to the Aztecs. We also seek a better understanding of how plainware vessels were used in prehispanic times. Although there is long-term continuity in the preparation of foods such as tamales and corn gruels, we find that additional foods such as tuber-based stews were prepared in the Early Postclassic. In addition, some ceramic vessels, such as comales and crude bowls, had a wider range of food preparation functions than expected.

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