Components of Period Fertility in the Irish Republic, 1962–77

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wilson-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Irish Republic

SummaryThe method of decomposition is applied to evaluate the role played by fertility and changing nuptiality patterns in the number of legitimate live births in Ireland, 1962–77. In recent years there has been a demographic ‘transformation’ in Ireland with increasing proportions marrying and at younger ages than previously while the crude birth rate has remained one of the highest in Western Europe.The analysis shows that the upward trend in births between 1962 and 1977 was due to more women marrying than in previous years and marrying at younger ages, but that age-specific birth rates have declined dramatically.It is postulated that both the increasing nuptiality and the decreasing marital fertility have been occasioned by the increasing use of ‘artificial’ contraception in Ireland.

OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY E MYERS ◽  
ALEXANDER EP HEAZELL ◽  
REBECCA L JONES ◽  
PHILIP N BAKER
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Teenage Birth ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Obstetric Management

Adolescent pregnancy rates in the United Kingdom remain the highest in Western Europe. Interestingly, throughout most of Western Europe teenage birth rates fell during the 1970s, 80s and 90s, but in the United Kingdom rates have remained high. An increasing incidence has also been noted, with 49.9 births per 1,000 women under 18 in 2001 and 52.8 live births per 1,000 women in 2002.

scholarly journals Applying growth hormone as an adjuvant to correct poor prognosis outcomes in IVF: Study 2 compares dehydroepiandrosterone

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-190
Author(s):  
John Lui Yovich ◽  
Shanthi Srinivasan ◽  
Mark Sillender ◽  
Shipra Gaur ◽  
Philip Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Recurrent Implantation Failure ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Live Birth Rates

This retrospective study examines the influence of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) adjuvants on oocyte numbers, embryo utilization and live births arising from 3637 autologous IVF±ICSI treatment cycles undertaken on 2376 women across ten years (2011-2020) within a pioneer Australian facility. Despite using an FSH-dosing algorithm enabling maximal doses up to 450 IU for women with reduced ovarian reserve, younger women had significantly higher mean numbers of oocytes recovered than older women ranging from 11.1 for women <35 years to 9.4 for women aged 35-39 years reducing to 6.5 for women aged 40-44 years and 4.1 for those aged ≥45 years (p<0.0001). Overall, the embryo utilization rate was 48.5% and live birth productivity rate was 35.4 % across all ages and neither rGH nor DHEA showed any benefit on these rates, in fact, those women with nil adjuvants showed the highest live birth rate per initiated cycle (44.94% overall: p<0.0001, and 55.2% for the youngest group: p<0.001). Embryo utilization was increased by rGH in those women aged 40-44 years who had low ovarian reserve (p<0.0001), but this benefit did not translate into any improvement in the live birth rate, in fact those women who did not use adjuvants had the highest overall birth rate (p<0.0001). Similarly, other factors known to cause a poor prognosis, including low IGF-1 profile, recurrent implantation failure, and low oocyte numbers at OPU, showed no improvement in embryo utilization nor in live births from the adjuvants. The relevance of embryo quality was examined on 1135 women whose residual embryos after a single fresh-embryo transfer failed to develop to a suitable grade for cryopreservation. From 1727 cycles such women often displayed an improved embryo utilization rate with both rGH, and with DHEA or combined rGH+DHEA. Even so, live birth rates were not improved by either of the adjuvants excepting young women <35 years using rGH without DHEA (p<0.05). Examining poor prognosis sub-groups, indicated both rGH and DHEA or combined rGH+DHEA consistently improved embryo utilization in those women with low ovarian reserve (p<0.0001), or those with low IGF-1 levels (p<0.0001) or with recurrent implantation failure (p<0.02). All the poor-prognosis sub-groups showed low live birth rates and, notwithstanding the improvements in embryo utilization, the live birth rates were not significantly improved by the adjuvants, albeit the rates were closer to the nil adjuvant groups (not significantly different).

scholarly journals The population of Brazil

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Yunes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Crude Death Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

In 1970 the population of Brazil with 94,508,554 inhabitants was extreme youth, since 42.67% was composed of children under 14 years old. In that year the proportion of female was 50.2%. The population density increased from 1.17 inhabitants /km² in 1872 to 11.18 in 1970, and in this last year the range was 1.03 in the North region and 43.90 in the South-East region. The urban population increased from 31.24% in 1940 to 55.98% in 1970 and for the first time the rural population was smaller than the urban population. In 1950 concerning with marital status 39% of the population 15 years old and over was single and 54% married. In 1970 this rate was respectively 35.4% and 56.6%. The population economically inactive increased from 49.17% in 1940 to 52.24% in 1970. The literacy ratio increased from 43% in 1940, to 48% in 1950 and 68.04% in 1970. The crude birth rate was 43/1000 live births in 1950 and fell to 37.7/1000 in 1970. The fertility rate decreased from 179.3/1000 women (15-49 years old} to 156.7/1000 in 1960/70. The crude death rate decreased from 20.60/1000 inhabitants in 1940/50 to 9.4/1000 in 1960/70. The infant mortality rate still remains high: 171/1000 live births in 1940/50 and 170/1000 in 1971. Concerning with the size of the cities, 8 in 1940 had 100,000 or more inhabitants and in 1970 this number increased to 94 cities. The population growth increased from 2.38% in 1940/50, to 2.99% in 1950/60 and 2.83% in 1960./70. Brazil is the first country in population size in Latin America and the eighth in the world. Concerning his area, Brazil is the fifth country in size.

Fertility of the Korean population in Japan influenced by a folk superstition in 1966

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Shin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Koreans In Japan ◽  
White Horse

SummaryFertility trends for Korean populations in Japan and Korea and for Japanese have been examinated, with special reference to the Fire-Horse or White-Horse year, 1966.Koreans in Japan and the Japanese showed a remarkable drop in crude birth rates and a sharp increase in stillbirth rates in 1966, while Koreans in Korea showed only a steady decline in crude birth rate.It was concluded that the Japanese folk superstition of Hinoe-Uma influenced the crude birth rates and stillbirth rates of both Japanese and Koreans in Japan 1966 and that the fertility behaviour of these Koreans had come to resemble that of the Japanese through the effect of environment factors in Japanese society.

scholarly journals An Improved Method of calculating Birth-Rates

1905 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Newsholme ◽  
T. H. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Intercensal Period ◽  
The Right

1. The ordinary method of calculating the birth-rate does not distinguish between the influence of fertility and of variations in conditions of the population as to age and marriage.2. In ascertaining the true meaning of the great reduction of the birth-rate which has occured in the last 25 years it is necessary to have means for distinguishing between the accidental and the intrinsic causes of change.3. A step in the right direction is made when the legitimate births are stated in terms of the married women at child-bearing ages, and the illegitimate births in terms of the unmarried women of the same ages.4. This method fails to correct for the differences of fertility of the various ages comprised in the age-period 15–45.5. By calculating standard fertility-rates for given populations McLean overcame the above difficulty, and was thus able to compare experiences of a given community at different times with the standard.6. In this paper it is shown that by continuing the above process and obtaining corrected fertility-rates, the fertility-rates of different communities can be made directly comparable.7. The inconveniences of this new and unfamiliar method, and the necessity involved in it of calculating the crude as well as the corrected fertility-rate in every instance, indicate the desirability of obtaining a factor for each community which throughout an entire intercensal period can be applied to the crude birth-rate of that community.8. The desirability of such a factor is increased by the fact that the method of corrected fertility-rates does not take into account the proportion of married women in each population.9. In this paper a method is described of obtaining factors, which, when applied to the readily available crude birth-rates, correct completely both for the varying proportion of married women in compared populations and for the varying fertility at different periods of married life.10. The practical bearings of these corrected birth-rates will be discussed in a later paper.

Demographic echoes of the maternity data in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Marasovic Šušnjara
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Background The demographic situation in the Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) is characterized by negative trends in the new millennium. Such a demographic picture entails many societal challenges. Considering the far-reaching consequences of population decline, the goal is to show what maternity data have been like in the SDC in the last decade. Methods Individual birth reports from health institutions in the SDC were used in the presentation of the maternity data. Demographic indicators were calculated based on data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Results In 2018, in the SDC were reported 4,438 deliveries (13% less vs 2009; 5,103 deliveries) with a total of 4,577 children delivered, whereof 4,561 were live births and 16 were stillbirths. From a total of 4,516 live births, 13 live-born neonates died during the first week of their life. Most of women in labor (89%) were residents of the SDC. The average age of the new mothers was 28.9 years (in 2009; 26.9 years). Childbirth was most frequently recorded in the maternal age group 30 -34 (1,556 deliveries, i.e. 110,9/1,000 women of said age group; 92/1,000 in 2009). Among childbearing women with known data on earlier deliveries (4,431), 2,029 or 45.8% had their first deliveries, 1,549 or 35% had their second deliveries, 808 or 18% had their third or higher birth order deliveries. According to an estimate in 2018, 448,071 people lived in the SDC, less 1.5% from the last census (2011). The live birth rate was 9.5 /1,000 in 2018 (2009; 10.9/1,000). The total fertility rate was 1.53 in 2018 (2009; 1.6). The natural increase rate in 2018 was negative at -1.8 (-830 persons) (2009; 0.5 (250 persons)). Conclusions Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia, which requires adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture. Key messages Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia. Adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture are needed.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Poland: The First Nationwide Study 2010–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6539
Author(s):  
Michał S. Nowak ◽  
Bożena Romanowska-Dixon ◽  
Iwona Grabska-Liberek ◽  
Michał Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Focal Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of retinoblastoma in the overall population of Poland. Methods: The retrospective survey of both National Health Fund (NHF) and National Cancer Registry (NCR) databases were performed to identify all retinoblastoma cases in Poland in the years 2010–2017. Results: During 2010–2017, the mean age-standardised incidence of retinoblastoma (the unit of incidence is per 1,000,000 person-years) was 10.15 (95% CI 7.23–13.08) among children aged 0 to 4 years and 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.60) in those aged 0 to 9 years. During 2010–2014 (to allow 5 years of follow-up), the mean incidence of retinoblastoma by birth cohort analysis in Poland was 4.89 (95% CI 4.04–5.74) per 100,000 live births, corresponding to an incidence of 1 per 20,561 (95% CI 15,855–25,267) live births. In Poland, 14.6% of children with retinoblastoma had enucleation of the eye globe, 76.8% received different types of chemotherapy combined with focal treatment, 5.9% were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and 2.7% were treated with focal treatments only. Conclusions: The incidence of retinoblastoma and the pattern of medical management of retinoblastoma in Poland was similar to that reported in developed countries in Western Europe, Asia, and North America.

Epidemiology of Twin Births in Southeast China: 1993–2005

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yanyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Twin Birth

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the rate of multiple births in most developed countries. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in China regarding the epidemiology of twin births in recent years. We performed a descriptive analysis of twin births from 1993 to 2005 using data from a population-based perinatal care program in southeast China. The twin birth rate in southeast China was 0.65%, and the twin birth rates from 1993 to 2005 fluctuated between 0.60% and 0.70%. During the three periods of 1993–1996, 1997–2000, and 2001–2005, the twin birth rate increased from 0.57% to 0.71% in urban areas (p = .005) and from 0.59% to 0.68% in mothers who had an education level of high school or higher (p = .046). After 2000, the twin birth rate of primiparae 30 years of age and older significantly increased from 0.72% to greater than 1.20%. We concluded that the twin birth rates in southeast China from 1993 to 2005 stayed constant in the overall population but increased in certain subgroups of women, presumably due to increased use of fertility treatment and the development of assisted reproductive technology.

scholarly journals Time associations between U.S. birth rates and add-Ons to IVF practice between 2005–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Gleicher ◽  
Lyka Mochizuki ◽  
David H. Barad
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Live Birth Rates

AbstractUntil 2010, the National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System (NASS) report, published annually by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), demonstrated almost constantly improving live birth rates following fresh non-donor (fnd) in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Almost unnoticed by profession and public, by 2016 they, however, reached lows not seen since 1996–1997. We here attempted to understand underlying causes for this decline. This study used publicly available IVF outcome data, reported by the CDC annually under Congressional mandate, involving over 90% of U.S. IVF centers and over 95% of U.S. IVF cycles. Years 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2016 served as index years, representing respectively, 27,047, 30,425, 21,771 and 19,137 live births in fnd IVF cycles. Concomitantly, the study associated timelines for introduction of new add-ons to IVF practice with changes in outcomes of fnd IVF cycles. Median female age remained at 36.0 years during the study period and center participation was surprisingly stable, thereby confirming reasonable phenotype stability. Main outcome measures were associations of specific IVF practice changes with declines in live IVF birth rates. Time associations were observed with increased utilization of “all-freeze” cycles (embryo banking), mild ovarian stimulation protocols, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and increasing utilization of elective single embryo transfer (eSET). Among all add-ons, PGT-A, likely, affected fndIVF most profoundly. Though associations cannot denote causation, they can be hypothesis-generating. Here presented time-associations are compelling, though some of observed pregnancy and live birth loss may have been compensated by increases in frozen-thawed cycles and consequential pregnancies and live births not shown here. Pregnancies in frozen-thawed cycles, however, represent additional treatment cycles, time delays and additional costs. IVF live birth rates not seen since 1996–1997, and a likely continuous downward trend in U.S. IVF outcomes, therefore, mandate a reversal of current outcome trends, whatever ultimately the causes.

scholarly journals Validity of pre and post-term birth rates based on the date of last menstrual period compared to early obstetric ultrasonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nilza Lima Medeiros ◽  
Nádia Carenina Nunes Cavalcante ◽  
Fabrício José Alencar Mesquita ◽  
Rosângela Lucena Fernandes Batista ◽  
Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Preterm Birth Rate ◽  
Obstetric Ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the last menstrual period (LMP) estimate in determining pre and post-term birth rates, in a prenatal cohort from two Brazilian cities, São Luís and Ribeirão Preto. Pregnant women with a single fetus and less than 20 weeks' gestation by obstetric ultrasonography who received prenatal care in 2010 and 2011 were included. The LMP was obtained on two occasions (at 22-25 weeks gestation and after birth). The sensitivity of LMP obtained prenatally to estimate the preterm birth rate was 65.6% in São Luís and 78.7% in Ribeirão Preto and the positive predictive value was 57.3% in São Luís and 73.3% in Ribeirão Preto. LMP errors in identifying preterm birth were lower in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of LMP for the estimate of the post-term birth rate was very low and tended to overestimate it. LMP can be used with some errors to identify the preterm birth rate when obstetric ultrasonography is not available, but is not suitable for predicting post-term birth.

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