National Policy and Western Development in North America

1956 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
The West ◽  
General Theme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Underdeveloped Region

The general theme of these discussions calls for a reinterpretation of the West as an underdeveloped region. This lends credence to a hypothesis occasionally encountered that history is comprised of the examination of a succession of conceptual anachronisms devised in each case by the historian's generation for the solution of contemporary problems and applied as an afterthought to the reconstruction of the past. The adoption of the concept of underdevelopment in die present circumstance is in line with this hypothesis and is, in this regard, in good company with well-worn frames of reference utilized by earlier generations of North American economic historians. Turner advanced the frontier thesis as a tool of analysis of the past at a time when major concern was arising over the frontier's disappearance. Innis fashioned the staple-trade approach to Canadian economic development in the interwar years when for a time it appeared that Canadian prosperity and material advance had vanished coincidentally with the mortal illness of the last great Canadian staple, wheat.

scholarly journals First North American Records of the Old-World Tramp Ant Syllophopsis sechellensis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
James Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Tramp Ant ◽  
Old World Tropics

Syllophopsis  sechellensis  (Emery)  (formerly  Monomorium  sechellense) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a small, inconspicuous ant species native to the Old-World tropics. Syllophopsis sechellensis is widespread in Asia and Australia, and on islands the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. In the New  World,  all  published  records  come  from  West  Indian  islands.  Here,  I report the first records of S. sechellensis from North America: from four sites in Miami-Dade and Broward counties, Florida, more than 1500 km from the closest records in the West Indies. The ants of Florida have been well-studied in the past, so S. sechellensis appears to be a recent arrival.

scholarly journals A Magical Reorientation of the Modern: Professional Organizers and Thingly Care in Contemporary North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Kilroy-Marac
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
North American ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Double Movement ◽  
Domestic Variety

Within the past decade, material disorder—especially that of the domestic variety—has come to stand alternately as evidence, symptom, and potential cause of mental disorder in the North American popular and psychiatric imagination. Sources ranging from the newly defined Hoarding Disorder diagnosis in the DSM-V, to popular media, to agents of the burgeoning clutter-management industry describe disorder in terms of an irrational attachment, closeness, or overidentification with objects. At the same time, these sources imagine order to result from the cool distance and controlled passion a person is able to maintain toward his or her possessions. Drawing on more than twenty interviews and numerous fieldwork encounters with professional organizers (POs) in Toronto between 2014 and 2015, this article describes how POs aim to reorient their clients materially, morally, and affectively to relieve the disorder they report in their lives. Here, I argue, POs emerge as a species of late capitalist healer whose interventions are animated by a paradoxical double movement. For just as POs act to loosen the object attachments and disrupt the “secret sympathy” their clients share with their possessions, they operate within a realm of magical correspondence where matter and mind are imagined to reflect and affect one another, and where bringing order to a client’s possessions means also bringing order to his or her mind.

scholarly journals THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PEDILOPHORUS

1903 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
H. F. Wickham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North

The Byrrhidæ of this continent have received a comparatively small share of attention at the hands of systematists for many years, so that it is not at all surprising to find novelties among recently-collected material. Two new forms of the genus Pedilophorus have recently been detected among the accumulations in my cabinet, both of them from the west; no doubt still others remain to reward explorers of the mountain ranges and of the northern districts. The European fauna contains ten species, while but four were previously known from North America.

Is Your Power Plant Headed for a HILP? How to Avoid, Detect or Mitigate High Impact–Low Probability (HILP) Events

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Richwine ◽  
G. Scott Stallard ◽  
G. Michael Curley
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Low Probability

In recent years some power companies have instituted programs aimed at reducing or eliminating their power plants’ unreliability caused by abnormal events that occur infrequently but result in extended unplanned outages when they do occur, i.e. High Impact–Low Probability events (HILPs). HILPs include catastrophic events such as turbine water induction, boiler explosions, generator winding failures, etc. Many of these successful programs have relied on the detailed reliability data contained in the North American Electric Reliability Corporation’s (NERC) Generating Availability Data System (GADS) that contains data collected over the past 25 years from 5000+ generating units in North America. Using this data, these companies have been able to 1) benchmark their fleet’s unreliability due to HILPs against their North American peers, 2) prioritize their peer group’s susceptibility to various HILP modes and 3) use root cause data contained within the NERC-GADS data base to help identify and evaluate ways to proactively prevent, detect and/or mitigate the consequences of HILP events. This paper will describe the methods used in these successful programs in sufficient detail to enable others to adopt the techniques for application at their own generating plants.

Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Cousens ◽  
Jane M. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
North And South

AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.

scholarly journals Pacific North American circulation pattern links external forcing and North American hydroclimatic change over the past millennium

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3340-3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfang Liu ◽  
Yanlin Tang ◽  
Zhimin Jian ◽  
Christopher J. Poulsen ◽  
Jeffrey M. Welker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Pacific North American ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Instrumental Record ◽  
Hydroclimatic Change ◽  
Past Millennium

Land and sea surface temperatures, precipitation, and storm tracks in North America and the North Pacific are controlled to a large degree by atmospheric variability associated with the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern. The modern instrumental record indicates a trend toward a positive PNA phase in recent decades, which has led to accelerated warming and snowpack decline in northwestern North America. The brevity of the instrumental record, however, limits our understanding of long-term PNA variability and its directional or cyclic patterns. Here we develop a 937-y-long reconstruction of the winter PNA based on a network of annually resolved tree-ring proxy records across North America. The reconstruction is consistent with previous regional records in suggesting that the recent persistent positive PNA pattern is unprecedented over the past millennium, but documents patterns of decadal-scale variability that contrast with previous reconstructions. Our reconstruction shows that PNA has been strongly and consistently correlated with sea surface temperature variation, solar irradiance, and volcanic forcing over the period of record, and played a significant role in translating these forcings into decadal-to-multidecadal hydroclimate variability over North America. Climate model ensembles show limited power to predict multidecadal variation in PNA over the period of our record, raising questions about their potential to project future hydroclimatic change modulated by this circulation pattern.

The Naval Defence of British North America 1739–1763

1948 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
West Coast ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The West ◽  
British North America ◽  
European Theatre

UNTIL the eighteenth century, British naval operations rarely strayed outside the strictly European theatre. Engagements in North American waters were isolated enterprises, having little connection with the decisive area of battle which lay off the west coast of Europe in the vicinity of the British Isles. This concentration of forces in home waters was deter-mined as much by structural, technical and hygienic deficiencies as by strategic doctrine. Disease and gales were always the worst enemies, and in the manner bf continental armies, the ships of the Royal Navy sought winter quarters in or after November. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, improvements in naval architecture and the technique of navigation, as well as methods of preserving food and protecting health (slight as they may appear to this age), enabled ships to keep at sea for longer periods, and at greater distances from their home ports.

scholarly journals Tropical cooling and the onset of North American glaciation

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huybers ◽  
P. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Similar Estimate ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Abstract. We offer a test of the idea that gradual cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific led to cooling of North America and the initiation of glaciation ~3 Myr ago. Using modern climate data we estimate how warming of the eastern tropical Pacific affects North American temperature and ice-ablation. Assuming that the modern relationship holds over the past millions of years, a ~4°C warmer eastern tropical Pacific between 3–5 Ma would increase ablation in northern North America by approximately two meters per year. By comparison, a similar estimate of the ablation response to variations in Earth's obliquity gives less than half the magnitude of the tropically-induced change. Considering that variations in Earth's obliquity appear sufficient to initiate glaciations between ~1–3 Ma, we infer that the warmer eastern equatorial Pacific prior to 3 Ma suffices to preclude glaciation.

ORIGINS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN EPHEMEROPTERA FAUNA, ESPECIALLY THE LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (S144) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Peters
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Mexican Transition Zone

AbstractThe complex origins of the North American Ephemeroptera fauna extended from the Lower Permian to the Recent. This paper discusses origins of North American genera of the cosmopolitan family Leptophlebiidae with a few examples from other mayfly families. The two extant subfamilies, Leptophlebiinae and Atalophlebiinae, probably evolved at least by the mid-Cretaceous, or about 100 million years before present. The primitive Leptophlebiinae are distributed throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and the ancestors of the Leptophlebia–Paraleptophlebia complex within this subfamily dispersed widely by the North Atlantic route as early as the mid-Cretaceous and later probably by northern trans-Pacific dispersals through Beringia. The ancestors of Habrophlebia dispersed through the North Atlantic route at an early time, but the vicariant distribution of Habrophlebiodes in several areas of the Oriental Region and eastern North America correlates with the Arcto-Tertiary forest that covered most of the Northern Hemisphere including Beringia from the Early Tertiary into the Pleistocene. Within the nearly cosmopolitan Atalophlebiinae, Traverella is austral in origin and probably dispersed north through the Mexican Transition Zone during the mid-Tertiary as an ancient dispersal and then dispersed to its northern and eastern limits following the last Pleistocene deglaciation by way of the Missouri River tributaries. Thraulodes and Farrodes are both austral in origin and probably dispersed north through the Mexican Transition Zone during the Early Pleistocene as a relatively recent dispersal. The origins of Choroterpes sensu stricto and Neochoroterpes in North America are unknown. The mayfly fauna of the West Indies is Neotropical in origins, and no affinities between the West Indies and North America through Florida have ever been confirmed.

scholarly journals Impact of the El Niño type and PDO on the winter sub-seasonal North American zonal temperature dipole via the variability of positive PNA patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Ge ◽  
Dehai Luo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
The West ◽  
Anticyclonic Anomaly ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In recent years, the winter (from December to February, DJF) North American surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly in midlatitudes shows a “warm west/cold east” (WWCE) dipole pattern. To some extent, the winter WWCE dipole can be considered as being a result of the winter mean of sub-seasonal WWCE events. In this paper, the Pacific SST condition linked to the sub-seasonal WWCE SAT dipole is investigated. It is found that while the sub-seasonal WWCE dipole is related to the positive Pacific North American (PNA+) pattern, the impact of the PNA+ on the WWCE dipole depends on the El Niño SST type and the phase of Pacific decadal Oscillation (PDO). For a central-Pacific (CP) type El Niño, the positive (negative) height anomaly center of PNA+ is located in the west (east) part of North America to result in an intensified WWCE dipole, though the positive PDO favors the WWCE dipole. In contrast, the WWCE dipole is suppressed under an Eastern-Pacific (EP) type El Niño because the PNA+ anticyclonic anomaly dominates the whole North America.Moreover, the physical cause of why the type of El Niño influences the PNA+ is further examined. It is found that the type of El Niño can significantly influence the location of PNA+ through changing North Pacific midlatitude westerly winds (NPWWs). For the CP-type El Niño, the eastward migration of PNA+ is suppressed to favor its anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly appearing in the west (east) region of North American owing to reduced NPWWs. But for the EP-type El Niño, NPWWs are intensified to cause the appearance of the PNA+ anticyclonic anomaly over the whole North America due to enhanced Hadley cell and Ferrell cell.

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