scholarly journals New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (125) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumu Ohmura ◽  
Niels Reeh
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

AbstractAnnual total precipitation and the annual accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet are evaluated and presented in two maps. The maps are based on accumulation measurements of 251 pits and cores obtained from the upper accumulation zone and precipitation measurements made at 35 meteorological stations in the coastal region. To construct the accumulation map, the annual precipitation was split into solid and liquid precipitation components. Annual total precipitation exceeding 2500mmw.e. occurs on the southeastern tip of Greenland, while the minimum precipitation is estimated to occur on the northeastern slope of the ice sheet. The mean annual precipitation for all of Greenland is 340 mm w.e. The largest annual accumulation of about 1500 mm w.e. is found on the glaciers in the southeastern corner of Greenland, while the smallest accumulation is found on the northeastern slope of the ice sheet west of Danmarkshavn. The mean accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet is estimated at 310mmw.e. The regional difference in accumulation is examined with respect to the 850hPa(mbar) level circulation. The present surface topography is found to play an important role in determining regional accumulation on the ice sheet.

scholarly journals New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (125) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumu Ohmura ◽  
Niels Reeh
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

Abstract Annual total precipitation and the annual accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet are evaluated and presented in two maps. The maps are based on accumulation measurements of 251 pits and cores obtained from the upper accumulation zone and precipitation measurements made at 35 meteorological stations in the coastal region. To construct the accumulation map, the annual precipitation was split into solid and liquid precipitation components. Annual total precipitation exceeding 2500mmw.e. occurs on the southeastern tip of Greenland, while the minimum precipitation is estimated to occur on the northeastern slope of the ice sheet. The mean annual precipitation for all of Greenland is 340 mm w.e. The largest annual accumulation of about 1500 mm w.e. is found on the glaciers in the southeastern corner of Greenland, while the smallest accumulation is found on the northeastern slope of the ice sheet west of Danmarkshavn. The mean accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet is estimated at 310mmw.e. The regional difference in accumulation is examined with respect to the 850hPa(mbar) level circulation. The present surface topography is found to play an important role in determining regional accumulation on the ice sheet.

scholarly journals Snow Accumulation in North Greenland

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Available Information ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractMeasurements of the annual snow accumulation have been made at many points on a traverse of north Greenland. In lat. 77–78° N. the annual accumulation above 1800 m. was about 13 gm. cm.−2in the years 1948–53 and, in contrast to results which have been obtained further south, did not vary with longitude. In 1953–54 the accumulation was greater. The annual accumulation in north and central Greenland has varied significantly over the last 50 years, but similar variations are not shown in the precipitation records at coastal stations. Using all the available information, the mean annual accumulation on the Greenland Ice Sheet has been calculated as 29±3 gm. cm.−2.

scholarly journals Air Temperature and Precipitation on the Greenland Ice Sheet

1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 558-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

AbstractMean annual air temperatures and precipitation on the Greenland Ice Sheet, as estimated from snow profile studies and long-term meteorological records at coastal stations, have been used to prepare mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation charts for the Greenland Ice Sheet. It is shown that melting of surface snow may occur at elevations of about 1,300 m. in north Greenland and up to 2,700 m. in south Greenland. The warming trend in the Arctic, as indicated by increases in mean annual air temperature, may have occurred to a lesser extent on the ice sheet than at sea-level coastal stations. Annual accumulation of precipitation is two or three times as great at 2,700 m. on the west side of the ice sheet as at the crest. South of lat. 66° N., precipitation may be about twice as great on the east side of the crest as on the west side.

scholarly journals Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating the precipitation distribution in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Antal ◽  
Pedro M. P. Guerreiro ◽  
Sorin Cheval
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Distribution ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Methods

Abstract Precipitation has a strong and constant impact on different economic sectors, environment, and social activities all over the world. An increasing interest for monitoring and estimating the precipitation characteristics can be claimed in the last decades. However, in some areas the ground-based network is still sparse and the spatial data coverage insufficiently addresses the needs. In the last decades, different interpolation methods provide an efficient response for describing the spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study, we compare the performance of seven interpolation methods used for retrieving the mean annual precipitation over the mainland Portugal, as follows: local polynomial interpolation (LPI), global polynomial interpolation (GPI), radial basis function (RBF), inverse distance weighted (IDW), ordinary cokriging (OCK), universal cokriging (UCK) and empirical Bayesian kriging regression (EBKR). We generate the mean annual precipitation distribution using data from 128 rain gauge stations covering the period 1991 to 2000. The interpolation results were evaluated using cross-validation techniques and the performance of each method was evaluated using mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and Taylor diagram. The results indicate that EBKR performs the best spatial distribution. In order to determine the accuracy of spatial distribution generated by the spatial interpolation methods, we calculate the prediction standard error (PSE). The PSE result of EBKR prediction over mainland Portugal increases form south to north.

Assessment of changes in air temperature and precipitation in Transbaikalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
V.K. Smakhtin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Water ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total Precipitation ◽  
Lena Basin ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Weather Stations

Assessment of changes in air temperature and precipitation in Transbaikalia/ Smakhtin V.K. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 2 (380), pp. 138-146. The paper analyzes long-term fluctuations in average air temperature and annual total precipitation in Transbaikalia. Between 1951 and 2020, air temperature increased by 2.3 °C according to 40 weather stations. Warming is mainly manifested in the air temperature rise in February, March and April. From 1955 to 2017, the decrease in annual total precipitation was 56 mm in the Amur basin and 39 mm in the Yenisei basin. The trends are reliable at the 5% significance level. In the Lena basin, annual total precipitation during the mentioned period increased by 7 mm, the trend is not reliable at the 5% significance level. The high-water phase has been observed since 2017. Taking into account that two previous high-water phases lasted 16‒17 years, it may be supposed that a risk of precipitation above the normal will be kept in the next 13–14 years. Keywords: climate change, air temperature, precipitation, phases of water content, trendsRef. 81.

scholarly journals Mass Balance Studies in Antarctica

1959 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 522-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
A Value ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Iceberg Calving ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe general characteristics of the coastal regions between long. 45° E. and long. 80° E. are described. The features and conditions are similar to those found along the coasts of the Australian sector further to the east. Measurements of accumulation, snow transport, ice flow and ablation are described and results are given.Accumulation, measured from stakes and pits, is 1.0 × 1014gm./yr. in a 1 km. wide strip running 850 km. inland from the coast of MacRobertson Land. The methods of gauging drifting snow and extrapolating the results are given and a meridional mass transport of 0.16 × 1014gm./km. yr. is deduced. Iceberg calving rates given in a previous paper are again quoted, although they are now felt to be too low. Net ablation is 0.053 × 1014gm./km. yr. and additional evaporation above the firn limit accounts for 0.045 x 1014gm./km. yr. The estimates are compared with old and new observations from other parts of Antarctica and the problem of bottom melting beneath ice shelves is discussed.A distinction is made between the meteorological water budget for Antarctica and the glaciological mass balance for the ice sheet. Mass budgets for the sector between long. 45° E. and long. 80° E. and for the whole of Antarctica are drawn up. In each case a surplus of accumulation over losses appears, but it is felt that the data are insufficient to claim that the ice sheet is growing at the present time. The drift snow and ablation losses are added to the net accumulation to give a figure of14cm. of water as the mean annual precipitation over Antarctica, a value lying between the estimates of Meinardus and Kosack.

scholarly journals The Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Area ◽  
Inland Ice

AbstractPlanimetry of the 15 maps of scale 1:1,000,000 of the World Aeronautical Chart, U.S.A.F., gives 1.726 × 106 km.2 for the surface area of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The hypsometric curve obtained by measuring the area between contours at 1000-ft. (305 m.) intervals with a planimeter gives 2135 m. for the mean height of the ice sheet. The normal area distribution curve of the ice sheet shows that is certainly in the “Inland Ice” type in Ahlmann’s classification. The mean firn line of the ice sheet is at a height of 1390 m. The discharge from the glaciers in the form of icebergs is estimated to be 215 km.3 of water per year, and the nett balance of the ice cap is negative and about 100 km.3 of water per year.

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