Necator americanus in infant rabbits: complete development, humoral antibody, leukocyte response and serum protein changes following infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhopale ◽  
Sushila Menon ◽  
Laxmi Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Leukocyte Response ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Leukocyte Antibody

ABSTRACTNecator americanus, originally isolated from man, developed completely in infant rabbits (RSG-1). This infection was serially passed in infant rabbits up to the 6th generation without using any immunosuppressant. Two day old infant rabbits demonstrated a high degree of susceptibility to N. americanus. Studies revealed the retention of worms in the intestine for more than 150 days during which egg production was high. In this experimental model the leukocyte, antibody and serum protein responses due to N. americanus infection were monitored. Results showed that eosinophil numbers rose significantly from day 28 to 170. A maximum was observed on day 80 (41%) in rabbits of the fourth generation. Antibodies to N. americanus were detectable in infected rabbits by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using third stage larval antigen (Rabbit strain). Generally, total globulins increased with decrease in albumin. Serum protein increase was associated with alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin components.

CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: CLINICAL VALUE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF THE SERUM PROTEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Charlotte Marker Zitrin ◽  
Paraskevi Tsouros ◽  
Enriqueta Melly
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Tuberculous Disease

The blood serum protein fractions of 138 children with tuberculosis were analyzed by paper electrophoresis serially over a period of many months. Many manifestations of tuberculous infection were studied. The group was divided into 11 categories ranging from healed or arrested tuberculous disease to various stages of activity. The serum protein fractions were evaluated in terms of prognosis, type of tuberculous disease, effect of intercurrent infection and age of patient. It was found that the greatest changes occurred in the gamma-globulin and albumin fractions in reciprocal relation. With the exception of tuberculous meningitis, the increase in gamma-globulin usually corresponded to the severity of disease. Albumin was correspondingly decreased, and was low even in tuberculous meningitis. Both fractions approached normal levels as the patients improved. Relatively normal readings were found in patients with tuberculosis observation or arrested tuberculosis. The greatest deviation from normal was seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis and those with pleurisy with effusion. Here, the gamma and alpha2-globulins were very high and the serum albumin was low. The alpha2 fraction was elevated in the children with more severe disease, including tuberculous meningitis; with clinical improvement it returned to normal more rapidly than the gamma. A rise in the beta-globulin fraction suggests caseation. Confirmatory evidence was obtained in patients with endobronchial disease, tuberculous adenitis and from the only necropsy in the series. The significant changes in the various fractions are further described and discussed.

A simple method for the collection of Necator americanus larvae

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mueller ◽  
B. Ellenberger ◽  
A. C. Fusco ◽  
B. Salafsky ◽  
A. A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Simple Method ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Third Stage

ABSTRACTA simple method for the collection of third-stage larvae of Necator americanus has been described. This technique provides repeated recovery of very clean larvae from cultures in moderate numbers.

Automated Procedure for Simultaneously Measuring Total Globulin and Total Protein in Serum

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Savory ◽  
M Geraldine Heintges ◽  
Robert E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
A Minor

Abstract An automated continuous-flow procedure has been developed for simultaneously measuring total serum protein and globulin. The method for total protein is a minor modification of an existing automated method in which the biuret reagent is used. Total globulin is measured by reaction with glyoxylic acid, and standardized with N-acetyltryptophan. An empirical factor relating concentration of N-acetyltryptophan to human globulin has been derived. Values for total serum globulin obtained by this new automated procedure correlate closely with values obtained by electrophoresis, but do not agree with values obtained by use of procedures involving binding of anionic dye. Recovery of gamma globulin added to serum is essentially quantitative; the day-to-day precision (CV) is 4.31%.

Interdependency of local capillary density, blood flow, and metabolism in rat brains

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1333-H1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Klein ◽  
W. Kuschinsky ◽  
H. Schrock ◽  
F. Vetterlein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Brain Capillaries ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Previous investigations have established a strong correlation between local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). In the present study the relationship between density of perfused brain capillaries and LCBF or LCGU was investigated in conscious and anesthetized rats. Perfused capillaries were stained by labeling the plasma with the gamma globulin-coupled fluorochromes, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lissamine-rhodamine B 200 (RB 200). The density of perfused capillaries was determined in 12 different brain structures by fluorescence microscopy of embedded brain sections following coronal sectioning in a cryostat. Significant differences were found among brain structures investigated; the lowest density of perfused capillaries was found in the white matter (e.g., corpus callosum 162 fragments/mm2), whereas the highest values were determined in the structures of the auditory system (e.g., inferior colliculus 810 fragments/mm2). LCBF and LCGU were measured in two separate groups of rats using standard autoradiographic methods. In all three experimental groups, the same structures were identified and measured with a high degree of accuracy and local resolution. Density of perfused capillaries correlated well with LCBF (r = 0.93) and even better with LCGU (r = 0.97). In addition to the relationship between LCGU and LCBF established by earlier studies, these data show the intimate interrelationship between LCGU, density of perfused capillaries, and LCBF.

Effect of flubendazole on the number of first-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis released in the faeces of treated rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Maki ◽  
Toshio Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Third Stage

ABSTRACTThe effect of flubendazole orally administered at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days (the 11th, 20th or 40th post-infection) on the number of first-stage larvae (L1) of Angiostrongylus cantonensis released in the faeces of rats each infected with 40 third-stage larvae was determined. Faecal examination for 5 months, the period from medication to dissection of rats, showed that L1 release ceased in all the rats of medicated groups by about 1 week after the termination of dosing and resumed 1–2 months later in 86% of the rats which were dissected at the end of experiments with the recovery of adult worms of both sexes. Throughout the period of 5 months, about 2–4×104 L1/gram of fresh faeces was recorded in non-medicated control groups. There was a 38–79% reduction in adult worms at the dissection. Microscopic examination of the uteri of the remaining adult worms and lung tissues of rats confirmed no normal egg production in the adult worms from rats of medicated groups, except the rats with the resumption of faecal L1 release.

scholarly journals Observations on the feeding behaviour of parasitic third-stage hookworm larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hawdon ◽  
S. W. Volk ◽  
R. Rose ◽  
D. I. Pritchard ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancylostoma Caninum ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Small Intestines

SUMMARYThe feeding behaviour of parasitic 3rd-stage larvae (L3) of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum, A. ceylanicum and Necator americanus was examined. Less than 11% of A. caninum L3 recovered from the small intestines of dogs infected orally were feeding at 4–48 h post-infection (p.i.). and none of the A. ceylanicum L3 recovered from the intestines of orally infected hamsters had resumed feeding. All L4 of both species recovered at 36 and 48 h p.i. had resumed feeding. On the other hand, approximately 16% of the A. ceylanicum L3 recovered from the skin of percutaneously infected hamsters at 18 h were feeding, and the percentage feeding increased to nearly 58% at 44 h p.i. Necator americanus L3 recovered from the skin of percutaneously infected neonatal hamsters resumed feeding at 6–12 h p.i. and reached 90–94% by 18 h. Feeding began to decline at 66 h, and reached 29% at 120 h p.i. This decrease was associated with the migration of larvae from the skin to the lungs. By 192 h p.i. over 95% of the larvae had reached the small intestine, and all had moulted to the L4. The results indicate that parasitic L3 resume feeding in the skin during percutaneous infections, and suggest that feeding by hookworm L3 correlates with the resumption of development.

Temperature, Size and Egg Production in the Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris Rapae L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Jones ◽  
JR Hart ◽  
GD Bull
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
High Degree

Larvae reared at low temperatures produce larger pupae and adults than those reared at high temperatures, and pupal weight is linearly related to lifetime egg production; mean egg production in a group reared at 29-3l�C may be twice that of another reared at 17.5-19�C. The number of eggs visible with a dissecting microscope in the ovaries of young females is not proportional to their lifetime production. Once size is taken into account, there is no additional effect of temperature or larval diet on total egg production. The timing of egg production throughout an adult's life is unaffected by its size or by the conditions in which it was reared. but there are marked differences between Australian and Canadian (Vancouver) individuals. The size of eggs is inversely correlated with both the age and the size of the mother. In any particular set of rearing conditions, males tend to be larger than females, and the sexes show an equal and high degree of variation in size.

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