Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against WbSXP-1 for the detection of circulating filarial antigens

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janardhan ◽  
P. Pandiaraja ◽  
V. Pandey ◽  
A. Karande ◽  
P. Kaliraj
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Parasite Protein ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe importance of developing effective assays to diagnose, monitor and evaluate human lymphatic filariasis has been emphasized by the World Health Organization. Presently, few immunodiagnostics are available for filarial monitoring programmes. The Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) SXP-1 parasite protein, with 84% homology to Brugia malayi (Bm) SXP-1, was found to be highly immunogenic. WbSXP-1 is one among the diagnostic candidate molecules that were used for developing a rapid-antibody-flow-through diagnostic kit for filariasis. Studies were initiated with the aim of developing monoclonal antibodies against recombinant WbSXP-1 and prospective applications for the detection of both circulating Wb and Bm antigens in serum samples from infected individuals. The monoclones 1A6C2 of subclass IgG1k, and 2A12F8 of class IgM, specifically detected Wb and Bm microfilaria isolated from patients and did not show cross-reactivity with other filarial recombinant antigens. We anticipate that this work will address the problems faced in the rapid diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas in developing countries.

scholarly journals Interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Manaus, a former focus of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marilaine Martins ◽  
Rebeca Cristina Souza Guimarães ◽  
Gilberto Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Objective. To confirm the absence of Wuchereria bancrofti autochthonous cases in Manaus, a former focus of lymphatic filariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods. A field survey was carried out in 2016 using immunochromatographic rapid tests (ICT card) for the detection of circulating filarial antigens in blood. The sample included a group of 3 000 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in schools from different urban areas of Manaus (including the former lymphatic filariasis focus in the city) and a group of 709 adolescents and adults, between the ages of 11 and 85 years, born and raised in different areas of Manaus. Results. All of the individuals tested negative for W. bancrofti antigen. Conclusions. Although Manaus was once considered endemic, this focus no longer seems to be active for lymphatic filariasis transmission. The results of this study could support the certification by the World Health Organization of the lymphatic filariasis transmission elimination exercise in Brazil.

scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S33-S38
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha ◽  
Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte ◽  
Rubén Santiago Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.

scholarly journals Antibody titers measured by commercial assays are correlated with neutralizing antibody titers calibrated by international standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-An Kung ◽  
Chung-Guei Huang ◽  
Sheng-Yu Huang ◽  
Kuan-Ting Liu ◽  
Peng-Nien Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the importance of an international standard (IS) for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer detection, with the aim of calibrating different diagnostic techniques. In this study, IS was applied to calibrate neutralizing antibody titers (IU/mL) and binding antibody titers (BAU/mL) in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Serum samples were collected from participants receiving the Moderna (n = 20) and Pfizer (n = 20) vaccines at three time points: pre-vaccination, after one dose, and after two doses. We obtained geometric mean titers of 1404.16 and 928.75 IU/mL for neutralizing antibodies after two doses of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, respectively. These values provide an important baseline for vaccine development and the implementation of non-inferiority trials. We also compared three commercially available kits from Roche, Abbott, and MeDiPro for the detection of COVID-19 antibodies based on binding affinity to S1 and/or RBD. Our results demonstrated that antibody titers measured by commercial assays are highly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers calibrated by IS.

miR-9-1 Is a New Circulating Biomarker for Higher-grade Meningioma Regulated via the EGFR-FOS Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Baiz ◽  
Caterina Negroni ◽  
Sara Ferluga ◽  
Emanuela Ercolano ◽  
Claire L Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Grade ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tumor Growth Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Circulating Biomarker ◽  
Mirna Array ◽  
Malignant Grade ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary CNS tumors. According to the World Health Organization Classification (WHO), they are classified as benign (grade I), atypical (grade II), and anaplastic/malignant (grade III). Chemotherapy has proven ineffective in treating these tumors, which are primarily managed by surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination of them. Morbidity and mortality correlate with meningioma grade. Currently, risk assessment for treatment is based on the radiological assessment of tumor size, tumor growth rate, and/or clinical progression of symptoms. Methods: We performed a cancer miRNA array in an in vitro model of meningioma in order to identify circulating biomarkers in meningioma patients. We validated the miRNA biomarker candidate in cells and tissues and analyzed its regulation. We then investigated expression in tissues and blood. Results: We identified miR-9-1 as significantly overexpressed in atypical and anaplastic cells compared to benign. We further demonstrated that miR-9-1 overexpression is due to increased levels of FOS via upregulation of the EGFR receptor, and showed that miR-9-1 and FOS are upregulated in a cohort of higher-grade meningioma biopsies. Next, we isolated circulating exosomes from meningioma patients’ serum samples, and found higher levels of miR-9-1 in higher-grade compared to low-grade meningiomas patients. Conclusions: Overall, our study shows overexpression and the mechanism of miR-9-1 regulation and suggests miR-9-1 as a novel circulating biomarker candidate to identify tumor grade in meningioma.

scholarly journals Development of Vasoinhibin-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Müller ◽  
Juan Pablo Robles ◽  
Magdalena Zamora ◽  
Johannes Ebnet ◽  
Hülya Markl-Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

Vasoinhibin is a protein hormone with antiangiogenic, antivasodilatatory, and antivasopermeability effects generated by the proteolytic cleavage of prolactin. The discovery of its role in diabetic retinopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy led to the evaluation of new pharmacological treatments in clinical interventional trials. However, the quantitative evaluation of vasoinhibin in biological samples from patients has not been possible due to the lack of vasoinhibin-specific antibodies. Recently, loop 1 of vasoinhibin was identified to have a different three-dimensional structure compared to PRL, and thus to contain vasoinhibin-specific epitopes. Here, we report the development of two sets of vasoinhibin-specific monoclonal antibodies against two neighboring regions of the vasoinhibin loop 1. An experimental sandwich ELISA with two monoclonal anti-vasoinhibin antibodies was developed, which had no cross-reactivity to recombinant human full-length prolactin. The ELISA had a quantitation limit of 100 ng/ml, and intra-assay- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 12.5% and 14%, respectively. The evaluation of 15 human serum samples demonstrated concentrations of below limit of detection (n=3), below limit of quantitation (n=1) and between 0.23 µg/ml (230 ng/ml) to 605 µg/ml (n=12) in the quantifiable range. Despite the high specificity of the monoclonal-monoclonal antibody sandwiches which discriminate vasoinhibin from PRL, there might be cross-reactivities by serum proteins other than vasoinhibin. A fully established vasoinhibin ELISA may support diagnostic and therapeutic measures in vascular diseases.

scholarly journals An Initiative the Used of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) To Control Filariasis in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Beni Ernawan ◽  
Hadian Iman Sasmita
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Area ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Health Organization

Filariasis as part of the neglected tropical disease is one of the health problems in the world. Filariasis divided into onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. This disease caused by filarial nematode parasites Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Filariasis transmitted by several mosquito genera as the vector. Indonesia as endemic filariasis, agreed on plays a role on World Health Organization (WHO) global filariasis elimination in 2020. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential method which can be applied to filariasis elimination program by controlling the mosquito population. Basic principles of SIT involve mass rearing of species target, sterilization process using gamma-rays and releasing sterile male insect into a target area. SIT combined with other methods under one management as Area-wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to increasing effectiveness and successful filariasis elimination program in Indonesia. Filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has several challenges and needed public participation to achieve program goals.

scholarly journals Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A Beng ◽  
Mathias E Esum ◽  
Kebede Deribe ◽  
Abdel J Njouendou ◽  
Patrick WC Ndongmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
African Region ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Health Districts

Abstract Background The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques. Methods This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W . bancrofti . qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites. Results Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.2%. No W . bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence. Conclusions Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.

scholarly journals A community survey of coverage and adverse events following country-wide triple-drug mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination, Samoa 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008854
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Willis ◽  
Helen J. Mayfield ◽  
Therese Kearns ◽  
Take Naseri ◽  
Robert Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
Health Organization

The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has made considerable progress but is experiencing challenges in meeting targets in some countries. Recent World Health Organization guidelines have recommended two rounds of triple-drug therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and albendazole (IDA), in areas where mass drug administration (MDA) results with two drugs (DEC and albendazole) have been suboptimal, as is the case in Samoa. In August 2018, Samoa was the first country in the world to implement countrywide triple-drug MDA. This paper aims to describe Samoa’s experience with program coverage and adverse events (AEs) in the first round of triple-drug MDA. We conducted a large cross-sectional community survey to assess MDA awareness, reach, compliance, coverage and AEs in September/October 2018, 7–11 weeks after the first round of triple-drug MDA. In our sample of 4420 people aged ≥2 years (2.2% of the population), age-adjusted estimates indicated that 89.0% of the eligible population were offered MDA, 83.9% of the eligible population took MDA (program coverage), and 80.2% of the total population took MDA (epidemiological coverage). Overall, 83.8% (2986/3563) reported that they did not feel unwell at all after taking MDA. Mild AEs (feeling unwell but able to do normal everyday things) were reported by 13.3% (476/3563) and moderate or severe AEs (feeling unwell and being unable to do normal everyday activities such as going to work or school) by 2.9% (103/3563) of participants. This study following the 2018 triple-drug MDA in Samoa demonstrated a high reported program awareness and reach of 90.8% and 89.0%, respectively. Age-adjusted program coverage of 83.9% of the total population showed that MDA was well accepted and well tolerated by the community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document