scholarly journals An Initiative the Used of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) To Control Filariasis in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Beni Ernawan ◽  
Hadian Iman Sasmita
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Area ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Health Organization

Filariasis as part of the neglected tropical disease is one of the health problems in the world. Filariasis divided into onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. This disease caused by filarial nematode parasites Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Filariasis transmitted by several mosquito genera as the vector. Indonesia as endemic filariasis, agreed on plays a role on World Health Organization (WHO) global filariasis elimination in 2020. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential method which can be applied to filariasis elimination program by controlling the mosquito population. Basic principles of SIT involve mass rearing of species target, sterilization process using gamma-rays and releasing sterile male insect into a target area. SIT combined with other methods under one management as Area-wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to increasing effectiveness and successful filariasis elimination program in Indonesia. Filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has several challenges and needed public participation to achieve program goals.

scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S33-S38
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha ◽  
Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte ◽  
Rubén Santiago Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN ANEKA OLAHAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI (MP-ASI) BERBAHAN PANGAN LOKAL KAYA NUTRISI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Septian Emma Dwi Jatmika Jatmika ◽  
Siti Kurnia Widi Hastuti2
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Local Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Health Organization

This Community Service and Empowerment Program offers solutions to overcome problems encountered in Sedayu, especially the under-five health problems, such as the lack of knowledge about the provision of MP ASI according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, the lack of utilization of quality local foods for MP-ASI and many the provision of instant breastfeeding by mothers in infants, the provision of MP-ASI is less appropriate with the duration, frequency, texture and variation according to age stage and the lack of attention of parents related to the growth of infants. The data shows that there are many toddlers in Sedayu who suffer from malnutrition and even malnutrition and stunting (short). The purpose of this community service is to improve the community's knowledge about the making of MP ASI by optimizing the existing local wisdom. The hope of this program can improve the knowledge, behavior and health status of children under five. The target of this program is the mother of the students from the students of  TK ABA Argomulyo, TK ABA Sedayu and TK Tapen, Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul who have under five children. Activities undertaken include training on the basic principles of MP-ASI, training on making and assisting various processed MP-ASI using quality local food. And held a mini gallery of processed products of various variations of ASI MP using quality local food to promote MP ASI products to the public.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN KAPASITAS PEREMPUAN BAGI IBU-IBU RELAWAN PROGRAM PALIATIF DI DESA KAMBINGAN DAN DESA KREMBUNG, KECAMATAN CERME, KABUPATEN GRESIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Sulikah Asmorowati ◽  
Inge Dhamanty
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Community Project ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
End Stage

The high rate of deaths caused by serious illnesses has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend palliative care that is considered to be able to improve the quality of patient’s live Palliative care or service is service for patients with serious illnesses, such as cancer (stadium or end-stage). In this activity, however, palliative care and service is extended so that it includes diseases that are not contagious but deadly (thus, contributed significantly to mortality rate), including such illnesses as diabetes, high-blood pressure, cholesterol, stroke and other similar illnesses. These illnesses are now increasingly being suffered by and become the major cause of death (caused by illnesses) amongst Indonesians. In order to increase the availability of palliative services in the target area, this community project provides training and assistance to develop women’s capacity in the villages of Kambingan and Ngembung, Cerme, Gresik, so that they are ready to volunteers for palliative care and service in their respective communities. The projects were conducted by providing material through lectures, and modules; followed by assistance to form a team of palliative case and service. At the end, this project resulted in the increasing understanding, and capacity of women (and mothers or PKK member), as the target groups about palliative care and services. In turn, the women were then ready to become volunteers for palliative care and program.abstrakTingginya tingkat kematian akibat penyakit serius membuat WHO menyarankan untuk melakukan perawatan paliatif yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Program atau layanan paliatif adalah pelayanan kepada pasien dengan penyakit berat, yaitu kanker (stadium akhir). Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat (pengmas) ini, layanan paliatif diperluas sehingga meliputi pula penyakit-penyakit yang tidak menular namun mematikan, seperti penyakit diabates, darah tinggi, kolesterol, stroke dan sejenisnya yang dewasa ini semakin banyak di derita masyarakat Indonesia. Kegiatan pengmas ini memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk mengembangkan kapasitas ibu-ibu tim penggerak dan anggota PKK di Desa Kambingan dan Desa Ngembung, Kecamatan Cerme, Kabupaten Gresik agar siap untuk menjadi relawan program paliatif di lingkungan masyarakat masing-masing. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah dengan pemberian materi melalui ceramah, pemberian modul, serta pendampingan pembentukan tim paliatif sebagai follow-up kegiatan. Hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu tentang layanan paliatif, serta meningkatnya kapasitas mereka,sehingga siap menjadi relawan program paliatif.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

The annual military bill is now approaching 450 billion US dollars, while official development aid accounts for less than 5 per cent of this figure. Four examples: 1. The military expenditure of only half a day would suffice to finance the whole malaria eradication programme of the World Health Organization, and less would be needed to conquer river-blindness, which is still the scourge of millions. 2. A modern tank costs about one million dollars; that amount could improve storage facilities for 100,000 tons of rice and thus save 4000 tons or more annually; one person can live on just over a pound of rice a day. The same sum of money could provide 1000 classrooms for 30,000 children. 3. For the price of one jet fighter (20 million dollars) one could set up about 40,000 village pharmacies. 4. One-half of one per cent of one year's world military expenditure would pay for all the farm equipment needed to increase food production and approach self-sufficiency in food-deficit low-income countries by 1990.

Probiotics in Dental Caries Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmapriya Ramanujam ◽  
Saravanan Poorni ◽  
Manali Ramakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Chewing Gums ◽  
Health Organization

The prevalence of oral diseases is increasing and is becoming a major concern in the society. Treatment without prevention is simply unsustainable. One such preventable disease is dental caries. Several strategies for caries prevention have been developed over the years. Bacteriotherapy is one potential method. With better understanding on the importance of a well balanced oral microbial environment for maintaining good dental health, probiotics has gained great momentum in dentistry. The World Health Organization along with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations defined probiotics as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”. Several probiotic strains have been identified for caries prevention through various experimental studies. However, identifying the right vehicle for administration of probiotics on everyday basis is the need of the hour. Toothpastes, mouthrinses, powders, tablets, lozenges, chewing gums are some probiotic vehicles that have been studied. This paper would throw light on the microbial strains, mechanism of action, forms and future for probiotics in caries prevention.

scholarly journals Interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Manaus, a former focus of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marilaine Martins ◽  
Rebeca Cristina Souza Guimarães ◽  
Gilberto Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Objective. To confirm the absence of Wuchereria bancrofti autochthonous cases in Manaus, a former focus of lymphatic filariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods. A field survey was carried out in 2016 using immunochromatographic rapid tests (ICT card) for the detection of circulating filarial antigens in blood. The sample included a group of 3 000 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in schools from different urban areas of Manaus (including the former lymphatic filariasis focus in the city) and a group of 709 adolescents and adults, between the ages of 11 and 85 years, born and raised in different areas of Manaus. Results. All of the individuals tested negative for W. bancrofti antigen. Conclusions. Although Manaus was once considered endemic, this focus no longer seems to be active for lymphatic filariasis transmission. The results of this study could support the certification by the World Health Organization of the lymphatic filariasis transmission elimination exercise in Brazil.

scholarly journals Developing and validating a clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of podoconiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 916-925
Author(s):  
Kebede Deribe ◽  
Lyndsey Florence ◽  
Abebe Kelemework ◽  
Tigist Getaneh ◽  
Girmay Tsegay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
World Health ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Immunoglobulin G4 ◽  
Clinical Algorithm ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Difficulties in reliably diagnosing podoconiosis have severely limited the scale-up and uptake of the World Health Organization–recommended morbidity management and disability prevention interventions for affected people. We aimed to identify a set of clinical features that, combined into an algorithm, allow for diagnosis of podoconiosis. Methods We identified 372 people with lymphoedema and administered a structured questionnaire on signs and symptoms associated with podoconiosis and other potential causes of lymphoedema in northern Ethiopia. All individuals were tested for Wuchereria bancrofti–specific immunoglobulin G4 in the field using Wb123. Results Based on expert diagnosis, 344 (92.5%) of the 372 participants had podoconiosis. The rest had lymphoedema due to other aetiologies. The best-performing set of symptoms and signs was the presence of moss on the lower legs and a family history of leg swelling, plus the absence of current or previous leprosy, plus the absence of swelling in the groin, plus the absence of chronic illness (such as diabetes mellitus or heart or kidney diseases). The overall sensitivity of the algorithm was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.6 to 94.4) and specificity was 95% (95% CI 85.45 to 100). Conclusions We developed a clinical algorithm of clinical history and physical examination that could be used in areas suspected or endemic for podoconiosis. Use of this algorithm should enable earlier identification of podoconiosis cases and scale-up of interventions.

Differential diagnosis of tension headache and basic principles of treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Lev Borisovich Shlopak
Keyword(s):  
Tension Headache ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
World Health ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Organic Lesion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Headache (cephalalgia) is one of the most common symptoms and is a manifestation of more than 50 diseases. According to the World Health Organization, at least one episode of headache during a lifetime has occurred in almost every inhabitant of the Earth, and about half of them noted periodic headaches. In its etiology, cephalalgia can be primary, not associated with organic damage to tissues and organs, and secondary, which is based on pathological changes. In particular, cephalalgia in inflammatory lesions of the paranasal sinuses, brain tumors, encephalitis and meningitis, acute cerebrovascular accident, head trauma, arterial hypertension, aneurysm of the cerebral vessels, etc., should be attributed to the secondary headache. In 95–97 % of cases, the headache is not based on organic lesion, and in this case, the headache is primary. Primary cephalalgia can be based on both vegetative-vascular and metabolic-destructive changes. Primary headache can be noted with emotional or physical overstrain, exposure to a number of light, sound or olfactory stimuli, liquorodynamic or dysmetabolic disorders, when taking certain medications. Conventionally, primary headache can be divided into three groups — tension headache, migraine and cluster headache.

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against WbSXP-1 for the detection of circulating filarial antigens

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janardhan ◽  
P. Pandiaraja ◽  
V. Pandey ◽  
A. Karande ◽  
P. Kaliraj
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Parasite Protein ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe importance of developing effective assays to diagnose, monitor and evaluate human lymphatic filariasis has been emphasized by the World Health Organization. Presently, few immunodiagnostics are available for filarial monitoring programmes. The Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) SXP-1 parasite protein, with 84% homology to Brugia malayi (Bm) SXP-1, was found to be highly immunogenic. WbSXP-1 is one among the diagnostic candidate molecules that were used for developing a rapid-antibody-flow-through diagnostic kit for filariasis. Studies were initiated with the aim of developing monoclonal antibodies against recombinant WbSXP-1 and prospective applications for the detection of both circulating Wb and Bm antigens in serum samples from infected individuals. The monoclones 1A6C2 of subclass IgG1k, and 2A12F8 of class IgM, specifically detected Wb and Bm microfilaria isolated from patients and did not show cross-reactivity with other filarial recombinant antigens. We anticipate that this work will address the problems faced in the rapid diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas in developing countries.

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