scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S33-S38
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha ◽  
Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte ◽  
Rubén Santiago Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.

scholarly journals Interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Manaus, a former focus of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marilaine Martins ◽  
Rebeca Cristina Souza Guimarães ◽  
Gilberto Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Objective. To confirm the absence of Wuchereria bancrofti autochthonous cases in Manaus, a former focus of lymphatic filariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods. A field survey was carried out in 2016 using immunochromatographic rapid tests (ICT card) for the detection of circulating filarial antigens in blood. The sample included a group of 3 000 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in schools from different urban areas of Manaus (including the former lymphatic filariasis focus in the city) and a group of 709 adolescents and adults, between the ages of 11 and 85 years, born and raised in different areas of Manaus. Results. All of the individuals tested negative for W. bancrofti antigen. Conclusions. Although Manaus was once considered endemic, this focus no longer seems to be active for lymphatic filariasis transmission. The results of this study could support the certification by the World Health Organization of the lymphatic filariasis transmission elimination exercise in Brazil.

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against WbSXP-1 for the detection of circulating filarial antigens

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janardhan ◽  
P. Pandiaraja ◽  
V. Pandey ◽  
A. Karande ◽  
P. Kaliraj
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Parasite Protein ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe importance of developing effective assays to diagnose, monitor and evaluate human lymphatic filariasis has been emphasized by the World Health Organization. Presently, few immunodiagnostics are available for filarial monitoring programmes. The Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) SXP-1 parasite protein, with 84% homology to Brugia malayi (Bm) SXP-1, was found to be highly immunogenic. WbSXP-1 is one among the diagnostic candidate molecules that were used for developing a rapid-antibody-flow-through diagnostic kit for filariasis. Studies were initiated with the aim of developing monoclonal antibodies against recombinant WbSXP-1 and prospective applications for the detection of both circulating Wb and Bm antigens in serum samples from infected individuals. The monoclones 1A6C2 of subclass IgG1k, and 2A12F8 of class IgM, specifically detected Wb and Bm microfilaria isolated from patients and did not show cross-reactivity with other filarial recombinant antigens. We anticipate that this work will address the problems faced in the rapid diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas in developing countries.

scholarly journals Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Occurring in the Third Ventricle

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Kim ◽  
Myongjin Kang ◽  
Sunseob Choi ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health Organization

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare central nervous system tumor that has been included in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Due to its more aggressive behavior, PMA is classified as Grade II neoplasm by the World Health Organization. PMA predominantly affects the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and occurs in children (mean age of occurrence = 10 months). We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Brain CT and MRI revealed a mass occupying only the third ventricle. We performed partial resection. Histological findings, including monophasic growth with a myxoid background, and absence of Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies, as well as the strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with PMA.

scholarly journals A cluster of rubella in Malta, December 2007 - January 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Spiteri ◽  
A-M Fenech Magrin ◽  
M Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Control

A cluster of rubella has been identified by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit (IDCU) of Malta in the beginning of January 2008. Two men and a woman aged between 23 and 28 years were affected. The index case had onset of illness on 23 December 2007. The second case had onset of rash on 3 January and the third case displayed symptoms on 6 January 2008. Two of the three cases were laboratory-confirmed (IgM positive), the third displayed typical symptoms and was a close contact of a laboratory-confirmed case but was IgM and IgG negative. None of the affected patients had received vaccination against rubella and there was no history of recent travel abroad. All three cases were linked through a work place. Blood samples were submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Luxembourg, for further investigations. None of the cases had any complications. To date no further cases have been identified.

Healthwise, Part 3. The importance of remaining active

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 384-391
Author(s):  
Linda Nazarko
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

The old adage, ‘sitting will be the death of you’, is proving to be a grim prediction that is borne out by research. Globally, physical inactivity leads to approximately 5 million deaths per year and is the fourth leading cause of death and disability ( Kohl et al, 2012 ; World Health Organization (WHO), 2020 ). Evidence suggests that, in the UK, inactivity leads to around 69 000 preventable deaths annually ( Heron et al, 2019 ). This article, the third in a series, explores inactivity, its consequences and how readers can remain healthy and well by maintaining or increasing activity levels.

Hanseníase: formas sociais da doença no Brasil e na Índia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Parente Costa
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Field Work ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

The research proposes a study of the social representations of leprosy, we seek three times to understand the sense of every society and their dynamics in relation to disease. The first in the city of Sobral/CE, where we carry out research in the years 2008 and 2009; the second moment in the city of Mogi das Cruzes/SP, with a man who has gone through several periods of hospitalization and overcame the stigma through work aimed at manufacture of prosthetic patients amputees; and the third time in New Delhi in India, where we find the largest number of leprosy patients. The places chosen for the field work were selected after repeated bibliographical research, readings of scholarly articles, medical texts and physicians about the disease and mainly with the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) and of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We investigate the sociocultural reality of people afflicted by illness and how these could be with the disease.

scholarly journals Adverse reactions to docetaxel: an active survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559
Author(s):  
Leandro Cabral Pereira ◽  
Thaísa Amorim Nogueira ◽  
Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Sabrina Calil-Elias ◽  
Selma Rodrigues de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
The Third ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization

The rates of breast cancer mortality remain high in Brazil. Docetaxel is a semi-synthetic taxane used to treat various tumors, particularly tumors of the breast, lung and prostate. In this study ADR that occurred in 45 docetaxel users with breast cancer were surveyed. They were identified by type, causality (Naranjo algorithm and World Health Organization categories) and, if considered probable or defined, rated for severity according to SOBRAFO proposal (2007). A total of 325 ADR were observed: 165 in the first, 137 in the second and 23 in the third cycle. Fifty seven ADR were immediate and the others, late. Fatigue and exhaustion for more than five days, classified as Grade 3 by SOBRAFO (2007), were reported as the primary late RAM. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of immediate and late ADR between cycles (p=1 and p=0.3577, respectively). The presence of a pharmacist gave the patients a better understanding of the occurrence of RAM, especially those that occur outside the hospital, between chemotherapy cycles and are often not reported to the healthcare team, creating institutional demands and reaching the goal to track, observe and correlate the RAM for each user.

scholarly journals PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: EDUCATION NETWORKS: STRENGTHENING GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS THROUGH CONNECTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S421-S422
Author(s):  
Judith L Howe ◽  
Kathryn Hyer
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The AGHE Presidential Symposium, related to the theme of the annual scientific meeting, underscores the importance of networks, collaborations and partnerships in advancing education in gerontology and geriatrics. AGHE has been at the forefront of many innovative programs since it was founded in 1974, contributing to the growth of the field and the recognition of education as one pillar of the field of gerontology and geriatrics, along with research, policy and practice. This symposium highlights three ongoing initiatives that promote connections and collaborations. The first paper discusses the Age-Friendly University (AFU) network which is made of institutions around the globe who have committed themselves to becoming more age-friendly in their programs and policies. AGHE endorses the AFU principles and invites its members and affiliates to call upon their institutions become part of this pioneering initiative. The AFU initiative is one of several international activities that AGHE, global leaders in education on aging, has engaged in. The second paper describes international networking activities such as collaborations with international organizations including the World Health Organization and connecting international and US students. In the third paper, initiatives to connect disciplines and professions through competency-based education and curricula are discussed. For instance, the Gerontology Competencies for Undergraduate and Graduate Education and the Program of Merit promote competency-based gerontology education across disciplines and professions.

scholarly journals Mental health in the Dominican Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Hernández ◽  
Tresha Ann Gibbs ◽  
Luisa Gautreaux-Subervi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pan American ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

The Dominican Republic is located in the Caribbean Sea and comprises three-quarters of the island Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. According to the 2002 census, approximately 8.5 million people live in the Republic, with 64% residing in urban areas (Oficina Nacional Estadística, n.d.). During 1990 and 2000, the Dominican Republic was a leader in economic development for Latin America and the Caribbean; however, this was not reflected in the areas of human and social development (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2007). Less than 1 % of the health budget administered by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MISPAS) is allocated to mental health and the public system is generally underfunded (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2008). However, there is an array of mental health services within the country when privately funded facilities are taken into account.

scholarly journals Continued low efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in Angola, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Rafael Dimbu ◽  
Roberta Horth ◽  
Ana Luisa M. Cândido ◽  
Carolina Miguel Ferreira ◽  
Felismina Caquece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Late Failure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Parasitological Response

Background: Biennial therapeutic efficacy monitoring is a crucial activity for ensuring efficacy of currently used artemisinin-based combination therapy in Angola. Methods: Children with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in sentinel sites in Benguela, Zaire, and Lunda Sul Provinces were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate amodiaquine (ASAQ) and followed for 28 days to assess clinical and parasitological response. Molecular correction was performed using seven microsatellite markers. Samples from treatment failures were genotyped for the pfk13, pfcrt, and pfmdr1 genes. Results: Day 3 clearance rates were ≥95% in all arms. Uncorrected Day-28 Kaplan-Meier efficacy estimates ranged from 84.2 to 90.1% for the AL arms, and 84.7 to 100% for the ASAQ arms. Corrected Day-28 estimates were 87.6% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 81–95%) for the AL arm in Lunda Sul, 92.2% (95%CI: 87-98%) for AL in Zaire, 95.6% (95%CI: 91-100%) for ASAQ in Zaire, 98.4% (95%CI: 96-100%) for AL in Benguela, and 100% for ASAQ in Benguela and Lunda Sul. All 103 analyzed samples had wildtype pfk13 sequences. The 76T pfcrt allele was found in most (92%, 11/12) ASAQ late failure samples but only 16% (4/25) of AL failure samples. The N86 pfmdr1 allele was found in 97% (34/35) of treatment failures. Conclusion: AL efficacy in Lunda Sul was below the 90% World Health Organization threshold, the third time in four rounds that this threshold was crossed for an AL arm in Angola. In contrast, observed ASAQ efficacy has not been below 95% to date in Angola, including this latest round.

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