Epidemiological approach to nematode polyparasitism occurring in a sympatric wild ruminant multi-host scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Carrau ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Carrasco ◽  
María Magdalena Garijo ◽  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Luis León Vizcaíno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract The epidemiology behind multi-host/multi-parasite systems is particularly interesting to investigate for a better understanding of the complex dynamics naturally occurring in wildlife populations. We aimed to approach the naturally occurring polyparasitism of gastrointestinal nematodes in a sympatric wild ruminant scenario present in south-east Spain. To this end, the gastrointestinal tract of 252 wild ruminants of four different species (red deer, Cervus elaphus; mouflon, Ovis aries musimon; Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica and fallow deer, Dama dama) were studied in Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (Andalusia, Spain). Of the analysed animals, 81.52% were positive for parasite infection and a total of 29 nematode species were identified. Out of these, 25 species were detected in at least two host species and 11 parasitized all ruminant species surveyed. The multi-host interaction between these nematodes and the four host species is discussed under the perspective of host family-based differences.

Some Remarks on Deer (Cervidae) in Ancient Egypt

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Patrick F. Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dama Mesopotamica ◽  
In The Wild

The evidence for deer (Cervidae) in ancient Egypt is reviewed briefly. The question of whether deer ever existed in the wild as an element of the Egyptian fauna, or were only known from rare exotic imports, cannot be conclusively answered yet. It is quite likely, however, based upon the records of the Egyptians themselves, that deer were native, whether naturally occurring or introduced. While the identification of the species depicted as the Persian Fallow Deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is probably correct, the Barbary Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) remains a possibility.

PCR-RFLP Authentication of Meats from Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Fallow Deer (Dama dama),Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), Cattle (Bos taurus), Sheep (Ovis aries), and Goat (Capra hircus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Fajardo ◽  
Isabel González ◽  
Inés López-Calleja ◽  
Irene Martín ◽  
Pablo E. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Pcr Rflp

scholarly journals Dietary habits in the endangered Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus from Upper Pleistocene to modern times in Spain: a paleobiological conservation perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONI MARGALIDA ◽  
ANA B. MARÍN-ARROYO
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Gypaetus Barbatus ◽  
Bearded Vulture

SummaryAlthough most Old World vulture species are declining or threatened in Asia and Africa, in Europe healthy vulture populations still exist. However, recent application of sanitary legislation that has greatly reduced the availability of animal carcasses is now a concern for conservationists. Until now, no studies have been undertaken to determine long-term dietary shifts in these species in Europe, but such studies are essential to optimising the resources invested in conservation and to anticipating the ecological needs of the target species. Here, we present a first attempt to examine the dietary variation in the Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus from the late Pleistocene to the present day. Medium-size wild ungulates such as southern chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica, Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica, red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus dominate the diet during the Pleistocene supporting the hypothesis that Bearded Vulture distribution was largely determined by the presence of such species. On the contrary, domestic species, such as sheep Ovis aries and goat Capra hircus, are the most common taxa in the diet in modern and historic periods. The actual dependence of the species on livestock, along with a restrictive sanitary legislation, threaten the conservation of this and other endangered avian scavengers in Europe. This new paleobiological conservation perspective confirms that efforts to establish a self-sustaining Bearded Vulture population should be enhanced by the widespread availability of medium-sized wild ungulates and by the presence of extensive and traditional grazing practices.

scholarly journals Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 in Wildlife Species in Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Czyżewska-Dors ◽  
José I. Núñez ◽  
Viviane Saporiti ◽  
Eva Huerta ◽  
Carme Riutord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
Free Ranging

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is the third member of the family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus, able to infect swine. A high prevalence of viral DNA has been recorded in wild boars. Recently, PCV-3 DNA was identified in Italian wild ruminants. Based on these previous results, this study assessed the frequency of PCV-3 DNA detection in free-ranging ruminants and Lagomorpha species in Spain. In addition, the genetic characterization of the PCV-3 PCR-positive samples was performed. A total of 801 serum samples, including red deer (Cervus elaphus, [CE]; n = 108), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, [CC]; n = 87), Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica, [RP]; n = 133), Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, [CP]; n = 92), mouflon (Ovis aries, [OA]; n = 91), fallow deer (Dama dama, [DD]; n = 104), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, [OC]; n = 101), and European hare (Lepus europaeus, [LE]; n = 85) from Catalonia (northeast Spain) were tested by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, when positive, sequenced. Overall, PCV-3 DNA was found in three out of 801 analyzed sera (0.37%) corresponding to one red deer (1/108, 0.9%), one mouflon (1/91, 1.1%), and one fallow deer (1/104, 0.96%). None of the samples collected from Lagomorpha species resulted PCR positive. The partial genome sequences detected in positive samples displayed high identity with some PCV-3 sequences detected in wild boars and domestic pigs (99.7% and 100%, respectively). In conclusion, the present study indicated that free-ranging ruminant and Lagomorpha species are not relevant in the epidemiology of PCV-3 in Spain.

scholarly journals Comparative sex chromosome hybridizations in Ruminantia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kozubska-Sobocińska ◽  
Barbara Rejduch ◽  
Barbara Danielak-Czech ◽  
Marek Babicz ◽  
Agnieszka Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Syntenic Conservation ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Painting Probes

AbstractThe syntenic conservation nature of some chromosomes enables the use of several molecular probes obtained from one species of animals to detect homologous DNA segments in other species. The aim of this study was to analyse homology between sex chromosomes in several species belonging to the suborder Ruminantia (sheep - Ovis aries, fallow deer - Dama dama, aoudad - Ammotragus lervia, red deer - Cervus elaphus) using bovine heterosome painting probes in FISH technique. The results obtained showed strong red fluorescence signals in small metacentric heterosomes Y and distinct yellow-green signals in large acrocentric chromosomes X of all compared species.

scholarly journals Multivariate Abundance Analysis of Multi-Host/Multi-Parasite Lungworms in a Sympatric Wild Ruminant Population

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Tessa Carrau ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Carrasco ◽  
María Magdalena Garijo ◽  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Dynamics

In the analysis of a multi-host/multi-parasite system and its associated risk factors, it is particularly interesting to understand the natural dynamics among pathogens, their hosts, and the environment in wildlife populations. This analysis is particularly feasible in a scenario where multiple overlapping host populations are present in high densities, along with a complex community of parasites. We aimed to describe and analyze the naturally occurring lungworm polyparasitism in a wild ruminant community in Southeast Spain. The respiratory tracts of 250 specimens belonging to four different species (red deer, mouflon, Iberian ibex, and fallow deer) were studied. Almost half (48.0%) of the animals were infected with bronchopulmonary nematodes. Seven different nematodes were identified of which two genera (Protostrongylus spp. and Dictyocaulus spp.) and three additional species (Cystocaulus ocreatus, Muellerius capillaris, and Neostrongylus linearis) were recorded in at least two ruminants, with the mouflon as the commonest host. Our study shows a significant effect of host species and sampling area, plus a marginal effect of age, on parasite multivariate abundance at the host population level. Mouflon and adults of all hosts appear to carry the highest parasite load on average. From a spatial perspective, the highest parasite abundance was detected at the central part of the park.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Iwona Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

scholarly journals Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain: solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Samer Angelone ◽  
Jesús M. Pérez ◽  
Anna Rita Molinar Min ◽  
Mario Pasquetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Genetic Strains

Abstract Background In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei “strains” circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. Methods Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. Results Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. Conclusions The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual “strains,” among other factors. Wildlife–livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of the cow, sheep, reindeer and red deer rumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Glendinning ◽  
Buğra Genç ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
Mick Watson
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Microbial Genomes ◽  
Ruminant Species

AbstractThe rumen microbiota comprises a community of microorganisms which specialise in the degradation of complex carbohydrates from plant-based feed. These microbes play a highly important role in ruminant nutrition and could also act as sources of industrially useful enzymes. In this study, we performed a metagenomic analysis of samples taken from the ruminal contents of cow (Bos Taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). We constructed 391 metagenome-assembled genomes originating from 16 microbial phyla. We compared our genomes to other publically available microbial genomes and found that they contained 279 novel species. We also found significant differences between the microbiota of different ruminant species in terms of the abundance of microbial taxonomies, carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and KEGG orthologs. We present a dataset of rumen-derived genomes which in combination with other publicly-available rumen genomes can be used as a reference dataset in future metagenomic studies.

Revision of Coronostrongylus (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Genus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Occurrences

The monotypic nematode genus Coronostrongylus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 from the stomachs of macropodid marsupials was reviewed and was found to consist of a least seven closely related species. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 is found most commonly in Macropus rufogriseus, but occurs occasionally in M. dorsalis, M. parryi and Petrogale inornata. Coronostrongylus johnsoni, sp. nov. is most commonly found in M. dorsalis, but occurs also in M. rufogriseus, M. parma, Thylogale stigmatica, Petrogale godmani and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus barkeri, sp. nov. is most prevalent in Onychogalea unguifera, but occurs also in M. rufus, M. robustus and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus closei, sp. nov. is restricted to Petrogale persephone. Coronostrongylus sharmani, sp. nov. occurs only in rock wallabies from eastern Australia: P.�coenensis, P. godmani and P. mareeba; C. spratti, sp. nov. occurs in P. inornata and P. assimilis. Coronostrongylus spearei, sp. nov. is restricted to Papua New Guinea where it is found in Dorcopsulus vanhearni, Dorcopsis hageni and D. muelleri. Although all of the nematode species occur in one principal host species or a series of closely related host species, occurrences in geographically disjunct areas and in phylogenetically distant hosts are features of C. coronatus, C. barkeri, sp. nov. and C. johnsoni, sp. nov. The occurrence of seven closely related nematode species found in a wide range of macropodid host species is more readily accounted for by a hypothesis involving multiple colonisations of hosts than by the hypothesis of co-speciation.

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