Observations on the Evolution of Immunity in Disease

The following experiments constitute an attempt to follow out in detail the stages by which immunity is established, in the course of a generalised bacterial infection (Pseudotuberculosis of rabbits). Two aspects of immunity are considered, firstly the presence, in the circulating fluids, of specific antibacterial substances, and secondly the power of rapidly producing such substances in answer to the specific stimulus. That is to say, attention is directed, not only to the quantity of specific antibodies present on any day of the disease, but also to the response which the animal can make to various doses of bacterial vaccine. For the immune animal is both more vigorous and more sensitive than the normal, in its reaction to a renewed dose of poison (Wassermann and Citron, 1905). Naturally the facts established with regard to one disease only, cannot be predicated at once of other diseases, in other animals. Still it is hoped that the systematic study of one disease may give some help in coordinating the large but somewhat disjointed mass of clinical observation which is already available.

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Metasiphilis problem

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj76589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 531-545

Author(s):

D. Markov

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Statistical Method ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Anatomical Studies

Pathological and anatomical studies on the issue of "syphilis-metasiphilis" came to the aid of methods of long-term clinical observation, systematic study of cerebrospinal fluid, statistical method and even experiment.

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Mice Lacking CD21 and CD35 Proteins Mount Effective Immune Responses against Borrelia burgdorferi Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01920-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 2075-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amanda C. Jacobson ◽

Ying Ma ◽

James F. Zachary ◽

Janis J. Weis ◽

John H. Weis

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Complement Receptors ◽

Wild Type ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Arthritis Severity

ABSTRACT CD21/35−/− mice, deficient in CD21 and CD35 (complement receptors 2 and 1, respectively), were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi to assess the role of these receptors in a chronic bacterial infection. Although CD21/35−/− mice on both C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds produced less B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies than did wild-type mice, spirochete levels and arthritis severity were similar.

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PREVALENCE OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AT CHUADANGA SADAR UPAZILLA IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v14i1.28821 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

M. G. Sorwar ◽

M. A. Rahman ◽

M. N. Hasan ◽

S. Hossain ◽

S. M. S. Islam

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Local Breed ◽

Foot And Mouth

A study on clinical observation, management and complication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in cattle was carried out in Chuadanga sadar upazilla during 24 weeks period from July 2012 to January 2013. Clinical data were collected from 108 cattle of both sexes. The effect of season, breed, age, sex and purpose of keeping cattle on the incidence of the disease was analyzed. Seasonal variation of the disease was significant. Crossbred was found to be more susceptible than local breed. The prevalence of the disease was found significantly higher in male than female. The clinical prevalence of FMD increased in the month of November (31.48%). The prevalence of FMD in other months varies from 5-21%. Clinical observation of FMD affected cattle showed fever, anorexia, salivation and erosive lesion on oral mucosa and inter digital region of foot. Antibacterial drug could be recommended for clinical practice to control secondary bacterial infection in complicated FMD cases.

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VACCINATION OF JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER WITH THREE INACTIVATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v7i2.11030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

. Zafran

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Sea Water ◽

Control Fish ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Percent Survival ◽

Protective Ability ◽

Bacterial Vaccine ◽

Tiger Grouper ◽

Net Cages

An experiment to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccines to increase specific immunity of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) against bacterial infection was conducted in floating net cages located in Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Polyvalent bacterial vaccine was prepared by mixing three species of killed-bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium leiognathi) with ratio of 1:1:1. The density of bacterial vaccine was adjusted at 1010 CFU/ml. The vaccines were delivered by immersion. The control fish were immersed in sea water without vaccine. Fish with ± 6 cm of total length and ± 7 g of body weigth were used in this experiment. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks in hatchery of Gondol, Bali until they reached ± 9 cm of total length. Later, the fishes were reared for 6 months in floating net cages located in Sumbawa. Re-vaccinations were delivered 60 days and 120 days post initial vaccination. The results showed that titer antibody and survival rate of the vaccinated fish were 1/128 and 77.11%, higher than the control (titer antibody=1/4-1/8, survival=45.56%, respectively). The relative percent survival of the vaccinated fish was 57.95%. It was suggested that the vaccines were immunogenic and had protective ability against bacterial infection in tiger groupers. Keywords: bacterial disease, polyvalent bacterial vaccine, tiger grouper

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AN APPROACH TO A CHILD (1 WEEK TO 36 MONTHS) WITH FEVER

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.750 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 41 (141) ◽

pp. 277-83

Author(s):

Pushpa Raj Sharma

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Young Infant ◽

Febrile Episode ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Children’S Hospital

Nearly seventy percent of all children between the ages of one week and two-years-ofageare brought to Kanti Children’s Hospital for some type of febrile episode. And50% of these visits are for temperatures greater than or equal to 39 degrees celsius.These children may have significant bacterial infection. In 35% of these childrenthere’s no definable source for the fever on clinical examination. So the child thatdon’t have identifiable sources could be either bacteremic, meningitis or could have abone or joint infection in evolution. Simple clinical observation to differentiate a welllooking infant from a toxic infant helps to differentiate children who needs admissonor out patient follow-up.Key Words: Fever, young infant, antibiotics, management.

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VACCINATION OF JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER WITH THREE INACTIVATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v7i2.11030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

. Zafran

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Sea Water ◽

Control Fish ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Bacterial Vaccine ◽

Total Length ◽

Photobacterium Leiognathi ◽

Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽

Tiger Grouper ◽

Net Cages

An experiment to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccines to increase specific immunity of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) against bacterial infection was conducted in floating net cages located in Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Polyvalent bacterial vaccine was prepared by mixing three species of killed-bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium leiognathi) with ratio of 1:1:1. The density of bacterial vaccine was adjusted at 1010 CFU/ml. The vaccines were delivered by immersion. The control fish were immersed in sea water without vaccine. Fish with ± 6 cm of total length and ± 7 g of body weigth were used in this experiment. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks in hatchery of Gondol, Bali until they reached ± 9 cm of total length. Later, the fishes were reared for 6 months in floating net cages located in Sumbawa. Re-vaccinations were delivered 60 days and 120 days post initial vaccination. The results showed that titer antibody and survival rate of the vaccinated fish were 1/128 and 77.11%, higher than the control (titer antibody=1/4-1/8, survival=45.56%, respectively). The relative percent survival of the vaccinated fish was 57.95%. It was suggested that the vaccines were immunogenic and had protective ability against bacterial infection in tiger groupers. Keywords: bacterial disease, polyvalent bacterial vaccine, tiger grouper

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Are there specific antibodies against Neu5Gc epitopes in the blood of healthy individuals?

Glycobiology ◽

10.1093/glycob/cwz107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 395-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Polina Obukhova ◽

Svetlana Tsygankova ◽

Alexander Chinarev ◽

Nadezhda Shilova ◽

Alexey Nokel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Study ◽

Inner Core ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Published Data ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Glycan Array ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Printed Glycan Array ◽

Better Than

Abstract Strong discrepancies in published data on the levels and epitope specificities of antibodies against the xenogenic N-glycolyl forms of sialoglycans (Hanganutziu-Deicher Neu5Gcɑ2-3Galβ1-4Glc and related antigens) in healthy donors prompted us to carry out a systematic study in this area using the printed glycan array and other methods. This article summarizes and discusses our published and previously unpublished data, as well as publicly available data from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics. As a result, we conclude that (1) the level of antibodies referred to as anti-Neu5Gc in healthy individuals is low; (2) there are antibodies that seem to interact with Neu5Gc-containing epitopes, but in fact they recognize internal fragments of Neu5Gc-containing glycans (without sialic acids), which served as antigens in the assays used and; (3) a population capable of interacting specifically with Neu5Gc (it does not bind the corresponding NAc analogs) does exist, but it binds the monosaccharide Neu5Gc better than the entire glycans containing it. In other words, in healthy donors, there are populations of antibodies capable of binding the Neu5Gc monosaccharide or the inner core -Galβ1-4Glc, but very few true anti-Neu5Gcɑ2-3Galβ1-4Glc antibodies, i.e., antibodies capable of specifically recognizing the entire trisaccharide.

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Autoimmune Gastritis: Unresolved Diagnostic Issues, the Importance of Intraluminal Endoscopy

Effective Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.33978/2307-3586-2021-17-4-76-81 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 76-81

Author(s):

S.V. Shchelochenkov ◽

◽

O.N. Guskova ◽

S.V. Kolbasnikov ◽

D.S. Bordin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Endoscopic Examination ◽

Autoimmune Gastritis ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Epithelial Tumors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Spectrum Imaging

Autoimmune gastritis remains an insufficiently studied disease with an unknown prevalence and nonspecific clinical picture. Autoimmune gastritis is associated with other autoimmune diseases and characterized by an increased risk of developing neuroendocrine and epithelial tumors of the stomach. The diagnostic criteria for autoimmune gastritis are not clearly defined, the diagnosis is based on the detection of specific antibodies and morphological verification, while the value of intraluminal endoscopy has not been established. The article describes the characteristic signs of autoimmune gastritis, detected during routine endoscopic examination and with the use of magnifying and narrow-spectrum imaging. The clinical observation is presented.

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Ribosome Structural Organization

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051670 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

James A. Lake

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Structural Studies ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

X Ray ◽

E Coli ◽

Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

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Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013064x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1202-1203

Author(s):

Gianluigi Botton ◽

Gilles L'espérance

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Personal Computer ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Present Author ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Detection Limits ◽

Research Groups ◽

Quantitative Performance ◽

Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

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