scholarly journals The Relation of the Tubercle Bacillus to Lymphadenoma

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Twort
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Tubercular Disease

IN 1913, Fraenkel and Much1 inoculated monkeys, guinea-pigs, rabbits and dogs intraperitoneally with large quantities of material obtained from two cases of Lymphadenoma, no accompanying tubercular disease being demonstrable. The material was broken down with antiformin, and as a result of the injections, the guinea-pigs died within three months. The authors state that besides finding extensive tubercular disease, there were hard, white nodules, the size of a cherry stone, on the serous coverings of the stomach and mesentery. Also, in addition to genuine tubercular disease of the lymphatic glands, they found giant cells, not of Langhans' type, as well as a stroma rich in fibriles, similar to what is found in Lymphadenoma. The nodules on the serous surfaces showed a picture corresponding to the terminal fibrous stage of a lymphadenomatous focus, with a scarcity of cellular elements.

NONTUBERCULOUS ACID-FAST BACILLI IN CERVICAL ADENITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697
Author(s):  
Haddow M. Keith ◽  
Lyle A. Weed ◽  
Gerald M. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Bona Fide

THE TUBERCLE bacillus is the most common cause of lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis. Such a condition in the cervical region, while less frequent than in previous decades, still occurs occasionally. While other agents, for example, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Brucella, Pasteurella and Miyagawanella, are known to produce a similar histopathologic reaction, they are not commonly associated with lesions in the cervical lymph nodes, especially in children. Therefore the finding of acid-fast bacilli in such lesions has generally been considered bona fide evidence of tuberculosis, although previous reports from this clinic indicate that such is not necessarily true. It is recognized that there are other acid-fast bacilli, such as the lepra and smegma bacilli, which may or may not cause disease. In 1944 Gellerstedt reported seven cases of tuberculoid skin lesions due to atypical acid-fast bacilli. He considered these to be due to exogenous infection with acid-fast bacilli differing from the organisms found in tuberculosis, and he considered them as possibly saprophytic organisms. In 1948 MacCallum and co-workers reported six cases of skin lesions due to acid-fast organisms that were not Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lesions did not contain tubercle follicles, giant cells or caseous material. The name "Mycobacterium ulcerans" was applied to these organisms by Australian workers. In 1954 Linnell and Nordén described skin lesions that occurred in 80 boys and girls who used a certain swimming pool in a Swedish town. The etiologic organisms were acid fast, differed from those described by MacCallum and associates and were not lepra bacilli. Guinea pigs injected with these organisms presented no evidence of lesions after 7 weeks.

scholarly journals A PARALYTIC DISEASE OF GUINEA PIGS DUE TO THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS

1929 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Paul A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Herpes Encephalitis ◽  
Subsequent Publication ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rule Out

The experimental data collected during this study of a transmissible type of paralysis developing in tuberculous guinea pigs indicate the condition to be a true tuberculous meningitis. We have been able to rule out the possibility that it is due to a non-tuberculous infection of the central nervous system caused by Roemer's virus, or by an atypical herpes virus, or by some bacterium other than the tubercle bacillus. Roemer's virus and herpes could be eliminated from consideration when Berkefeld N filtrates of infectious brain emulsions proved incapable of reproducing the disease. Furthermore, rabbits could be infected as they cannot with Roemer's virus, and the disease elicited in rabbits bears no semblance to herpes encephalitis. No organism other than the tubercle bacillus could be obtained on culturing brain or brain emulsions from experimental cases, and no others were seen in examining fresh smear preparations from the central nervous system. In a modified Noguchi medium a tubercle bacillus possessing atypical staining properties was obtained. This organism was capable of producing the typical paralytic disease when injected intracerebrally into guinea pigs, and also generalized tuberculosis in animals inoculated subcutaneously with it. Typical tuberde bacilli were readily demonstrable in sections of the meninges from animals with the disease, and culture of pieces of brain on Dorset's egg medium usually yielded a growth of tubercle bacilli. Only in the first of the experimental passages, on the other hand, was it possible to demonstrate acid-fast organisms in fresh smear preparations from the central nervous system. This fact and the attributes of the atypically staining organisms encountered in the cultures in Noguchi media will be considered more fully in a subsequent publication. In view of the much discussed question of the filtrability of the tubercle bacillus our observations concerning the failure of this organism to pass a Berkefeld N filter are of interest. No animal in our series inoculated intracerebrally with brain emulsion from either a "spontaneous" or experimental case of tuberculous meningitis failed to develop meningitis, and that rather acutely, while no animal in our series injected with a Berkefeld filtrate of brain emulsion has developed tuberculous meningitis or any other form of tuberculosis. In connection with this observation it must be recalled that the organism was atypical in respect to its staining qualities at least.

scholarly journals The proportional frequency of the human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli in human pulmonary tuberculosis in the middle and south of Scotland

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cervical Gland ◽  
Gland Enlargement

1. The types of tubercle bacilli have been determined in the sputum of 515 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis occurring in the middle and south of Scotland.2. Of the 515 cases 484 were human (476 eugonic and eight dysgonic) and thirty-one were bovine infections.3. With the exception of the strains from one case (case 28) all the bovine strains, seventy in number, were typical culturally and fully virulent for rabbits.4. The attenuated strains, two in number, from case 28 were slightly less virulent than typical bovine strains for rabbits and (one strain) for guinea-pigs.5. The percentage of bovine infections found in this series, including the Cumberland case, during the years 1931–9 was 6·0, but excluding that case it was 5·8.6. The percentage of bovine infections found by Munro during about the same period and covering the same regions was 5·0%.7. In Munro's series strains of bovine tubercle bacilli were obtained from fifty-eight out of 1165 persons (5·0%). Five of his cases yielded attenuated bovine strains and in one of these the pulmonary tuberculosis was preceded by tuberculosis of the thoracic spine.8. In my series the attenuated tubercle bacilli came from a case (case 28) of pulmonary tuberculosis which was preceded nearly 20 years previously by tuberculosis of the lower dorsal spine.Dr Munro and others have made post-mortem examinations on cases of phthisis pulmonalis due to bovine bacilli, but I wish to defer reference to these until we can review them altogether.In this series there are seven instances of cervical gland enlargement and one instance (case 28) of spinal tuberculosis occurring previous to the development of phthisis pulmonalis. These, I think, are examples of alimentary infection with the bovine tubercle bacillus. Thus, with the three autopsies previously mentioned, there are eleven cases, or about one-third, which are almost certainly alimentary in origin. As for the rest of the cases, 20 in number, no glandular enlargements in neck or abdomen were detected but the majority, if not all, were probably alimentary in origin, since all the persons drank a lot of raw milk and only five came into direct contact with cattle in their employment.

scholarly journals REACTIONS OF NORMAL AND TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS TO TUBERCULO-PROTEIN AND TUBERCULO-PHOSPHATIDE

1938 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Smithburn ◽  
Florence R. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Microscopic Reaction

Prior observations on the cellular reactions to tuberculo-phosphatide are confirmed and compared with reactions induced by this material in tuberculous animals. In the latter the response is accelerated and augmented and simulates the Koch phenomenon. Tuberculo-protein produces no macroscopic reaction in normal animals. The microscopic reaction of neutrophiles and monocytes regresses in less than a week. The same material in tuberculous animals causes a response characterized by more or less hemorrhage and necrosis, tissue degeneration, and infiltration of neutrophiles and monocytes. Late in the reaction there may be a few epithelioid cells and foreign body giant cells. Preparations of tuberculo-phosphatide which contain no tubercle bacilli, or only a few, induce the typical cellular response but do not induce hypersensitiveness to tuberculin. Repeated intradermal skin-test injections of tuberculo-protein MA-100 in normal guinea pigs may be followed by a mild hypersensitiveness to subsequent injections.

scholarly journals Allergy in experimental rat tuberculosis

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Gray ◽  
John L. Noble ◽  
Mary O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Systemic Reaction ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Picture

1. This paper confirms and extends several observations during the past 20 years that, despite many reports to the contrary, the rat is not unduly resistant to initial infection with tubercle bacilli provided they lodge in the lungs.2. The pattern of pathogenesis in the rat is probably closest to the now classical picture in the mouse, i.e. the response of a species with a low hypersensitivity potential. The pathology of the lesions agreed closely with the descriptions of Wessels (1941) and Kumashiro (1958b) resembling the mouse in most respects but, unlike the mouse, including the production of giant cells.3. When tested by footpad inoculation with 1/3·5 Old Tuberculin a positive reaction was demonstrated, commencing between 2 and 5 weeks after infection and persisting for several weeks. A fatal systemic reaction could often be induced with large doses of tuberculin given intraperitoneally.4. In a few cases loss of allergy was shown to be associated with a terminal anergic flare of the type observed previously in mice and guinea-pigs.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE "WAX" OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS IN ESTABLISHING DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Raffel ◽  
Louis E. Arnaud ◽  
C. Dean Dukes ◽  
Jwo S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin along with the purified wax fraction of the human tubercle bacillus respond with delayed hypersensitive reactivity to the protein antigen. Previous publications have reported a similar activity of the wax with respect to tuberculoprotein and picryl chloride. The effect is not referable to an ordinary adjuvant activity of the bacillary wax, since antibody titers are not increased in animals which receive it, and since a known adjuvant, water-in-oil emulsion, has no effect with respect to the induction of delayed hypersensitivity. This report further extends the rôle of the tubercle bacillary wax in the induction of delayed hypersensitive states.

NOTE ON TUBERCLE BACILLI OF AVIAN ORIGIN HARBORED IN THE UDDER OF A COW

1930 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chas. A. Mitchell ◽  
R. C. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Macroscopic Lesion ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation

Tubercle bacillus, isolated from an avian source, the common crow, remained alive in the udder tissue of a cow 210 days after intravenous inoculation without producing demonstrable macroscopic lesion; reinoculated from the udder tissues into laboratory animals it proved virulent, and caused progressive lesions in chickens and rabbits but not in guinea pigs.

CHEMOTHERAPY IN EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22e (5) ◽  
pp. 95-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Melville ◽  
R. L. Stehle
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Experimental Tuberculosis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Seventy-nine compounds comprising 22 p-aminobenzene derivatives, 10 o-aminobenzene derivatives, 11 m-aminobenzene derivatives, 8 p-N-ethyl-aminobenzene derivatives, 10 isomeric hydroxychloroanilines, 3 diaminodiphenylsulphones and 15 miscellaneous agents, have been compared for their effects upon the course of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent human tubercle bacillus (Strain H 37 R. V.). Sixty-five of these compounds gave entirely negative results. On the other hand, 14 of the agents tested, namely, p-aminophenol, p-ethylaniline, p-chloroaniline, p-aminophenyl hexyl ether, ethyl-p-aminobenzoate, 2,4-dichloroaniline, p-N-ethylaminophenol, 3-chloro-4-hydroxyaniline, 2-chloro-4-hydroxyaniline, 2-chloro-5-hydroxyaniline, 2-hydroxy-3-chloroaniline, promin, rodilone, and sulphathiazole led, in a number of different experiments, to varying degrees of prolongation of the survival time of some of the animals treated with them, in comparison with both untreated controls and animals treated with other agents. The average survival times of all the animals treated with these agents were also prolonged in several different series of experiments in which each of these agents was tested. None of the latter agents led to a curative effect and all animals both treated and untreated, however long they survived, showed at autopsy gross evidence of tuberculosis involving spleen, liver, lungs, and glands. Finally, it must be emphasized that none of these compounds offer any promise as a cure for tuberculosis, but the results described would suggest that further investigation of chemical agents related to these substances might be worthwhile.

scholarly journals CELLULAR REACTIONS TO WAXES FROM MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Sabin ◽  
K. C. Smithburn ◽  
R. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cell ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Unsaponifiable Material

1. The waxes from the B. leprae, like those from tubercle bacilli, are remarkable stimulants of cells. 2. The crude wax separated from the B. leprae is a mixture of lipoids and other materials, and gives reactions that include the types of cells characteristic of the response to the tuberculo-polysaccharide, phosphatide, and wax. 3. The wax obtained from the purification of the lepra phosphatide shows similar cellular reactions but with a greater proportion of foreign body giant cells. 4. Leprosin, though a glyceride, corresponds in its physical properties to the unsaponifiable material from the tubercle bacillus. It stimulates two strains of cells, fibroblasts and monocytes. The monocytes fuse into foreign body giant cells to engulf the wax. 5. The cellular reaction to the leprosinic acid and to the crystalline alcohols is of one type only, represented by the foreign body giant cell.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document