scholarly journals The ecology of Microsporum canis Bodin in New Zealand

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Marples
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Human Source

1. The clinical findings and environmental factors of 138 families infected with Microsporum canis are recorded.2. Of the 171 children suffering from tinea capitis, 25% had lesions which remained localized, 51% had local spread of infection and 24% had a generalized spread, involving most of the scalp.3. The clinical pattern of the infection was not associated with the sex or age of the child, nor with the source of infection.4. In 30.5% of the families there was a definite cat source of infection, in 3.6% a definite dog source and in 13.9% a definite human source. A further 20.3% had a probable animal source, and 7.9% a probable human source, while in 23.9% no obvious source of infection could be found.5. The social status of 95 families was investigated. In 4.2% the breadwinner was a farmer, in 12.6% he belonged to the professional and managerial group, in 60% he was a skilled labourer and in 22.1% an unskilled labourer. The houses of 75 families were visited. House conditions were classed as good in 58%, fair in 33% and poor in 9%. It is suggested that ringworm due to M. canis in New Zealand is not associated with poverty or poor conditions and no stigma should be attached to the development of an infection.6. Evidence for the following types of transmission of infection was obtained: cat to child; dog to child; child to child; child to adult; cat to cat; child to cat; dog to cat; cat to dog.7. The findings of the investigation are discussed. It is suggested that human infections with M. canis are part of a complicated network resulting from the commensal relationship of the cat to man. Better care of cats so that kittens are not allowed to stray would assist in the control of human infections.

Bovine tuberculosis - the New Zealand problem

1993 ◽  
pp. 199-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. De Lisle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Wildlife Reservoir

Control strategies based on the slaughter of cattle identified as infected by skin testing have been successful in eradicating bovine tuberculosis from several countries. In contrast, identical control methods have not achieved eradication in New Zealand. The reason for the persistence of tuberculosis in New Zealand is the presence of a wildlife reservoir of infection. While possums are the principal wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis, feral pigs and wild deer may also be a source of infection for domestic animals. Current control programmes in which possums are poisoned are successful in reducing but not eliminating the spread of infection to cattle and farmed deer. The development of vaccines and the biological control of possums is the focus of active research in New Zealand. These are long-term research projects that will take many years before they can be sufficiently developed to be used to eradicate bovine tuberculosis from this country. Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, cattle, farmed deer, Mycobacterium bovis, possums

Isozyme variation of Microsporum canis and M. cookei from New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
SIMPANYA ◽  
JARVIS ◽  
BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Isozyme Variation

Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership: Collaboration for more effective biosolids management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Speers ◽  
Allen Gale ◽  
Nancy Penney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sustainability Framework

This paper describes an international biosolids management initiative, known as the Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership (ANZBP). The ANZBP - known formerly as the Australasian Biosolids Partnership – comprises 33 members dedicated to promoting the sustainable management of biosolids across the two nations. Two critical research projects are described, each of which contributes to the ANZBP goal of promoting the sustainable management of biosolids. The first is a review of community attitudes to biosolids management, the outcomes of which will be used to refine communication tools and methods of community consultation and which will provide input to policy development over time. The second is a review of regulations in place in Australia and New Zealand carried out to identify inconsistencies and improvements that could be made. An outcome of this initiative is potentially the development of a best practice manual. The relationship of the two projects to a sustainability framework adopted by the ANZBP is also described, as is the relationship of the two projects to each other.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Tuanyuan Shi ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Lili Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

THE ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF DAIRYING TO GRASSLAND FARMING UNDER VARYING MARKETING CONDITIONS

1933 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
E.J. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The development of grassland dairying in New Zealand has resulted from the potential ability of large tracts of country to carry pastures of a milk producing type throughout the whole year.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigations onCampylobacter jejuniin households with a primary infection

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Oosterom ◽  
C. H. den Uyl ◽  
J. R. J. Bänffer ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Spread Of Infection

SummaryFifty-four Rotterdam patients in which a primary infection withCampylobacter jejunihad been detected (index patients) were compared with 54 control subjects with regard to the consumption and preparation of foods 7 days before onset of illness and the keeping of pet animals. Significantly more index patients than controls had eaten chicken meat (47v. 29;P= 0·0002), particularly at barbecues (14v. 2;P= 0·0015). Marginally more index patients had eaten pork (47v. 39;P= 0·048) or inadequately heated meat (13v. 8), though in the last case numbers were too small to be statistically significant. The consumption of beef or mutton and outdoor eating (other than at barbecues) were essentially the same in both groups. There was no significant association with the keeping of pet animals, although a few more index patients had cage birds than controls (18v. 12).Twenty-one (15%) of 130 household contacts of index patients also suffered from diarrhoea during the same period. Circumstantial evidence pointed to a common source of infection with the index patient in 13 instances (nine households) and probable intrafamilial spread of infection in six instances.Campylobacters were isolated from one of 110 swabs of kitchen work surfaces and eight of 107 swabs taken from lavatory bowls in index households.

scholarly journals Niue's Relationship of Free Association with new Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Quentin-Baxter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Association ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Assistance

This article provides an account of the relationship between Niue and New Zealand. Because Niue is both a self-governing state and one who has a relationship of free association with New Zealand, Niue's government makeup is both constitutional and contractual. The article discusses the principles of Niue's free association status with New Zealand in light of its constitutional makeup. The nature of the relationship between New Zealand and Niue is discussed in general terms, and the principles of economic and administrative assistance from New Zealand is explored in greater detail.  

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