Immunoglobulin- and complement-coated bacteria in pus from peritonsillar abscesses

AbstractFifty-five samples of pus were collected from 51 acute, non-perforated, two spontaneously ruptured and two recurrent peritonsillar abscesses (35 males and 18 females; median age 18 years) and analysed regarding (i) aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (standard culturing), (ii) morphology of bacteria and inflammatory cells (direct microscopy of acridine orange-stained material), and (iii) the percentage of bacteria coated with immunoglobulins IgG, secretory IgA (SIgA) andIgM and complement cleavage product C3b (immunofluorescence assay). Seventy-one per cent of the abscesses harboured a mixed bacterial flora of various aerobes and anaerobes. In none of the cases with a single bacterial species (27 per cent) could immunoglobulin- or complement-coated bacteria be found. In abscesses with a mixed flora, 18 per cent harboured IgG-coated, 15 per cent SIgA-coated, five per cent IgM-coated and five per cent C3b-coated bacteria, respectively. All pus samples contained inflammatory cells in abundance but they were mostly deformed and only occasionally could intracellular bacteria be recognized. Insufficient immunoglobulin-coating of bacteria might be an important aetiopathogenic factor in the development of a peritonsillar abscess. Bactericide in the abscesses is accomplished chiefly by protective mechanisms not dependent on antigen recognition by antibodies.

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The Effects of Mechanical Treatment on Microbiological Parameters in Periodontal Disease

ARS Medica Tomitana ◽

10.1515/arsm-2015-0001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 173-178

Author(s):

Luminiţa Lazăr ◽

Carmen Biriș ◽

Krisztina Martha ◽

Ana Petra Lazăr ◽

Anna Krisztina Lörinczi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Mechanical Treatment ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Root Planning ◽

Scaling And Root Planning

Abstract Bacterial plaque has the primary etiologic role in triggering the pathological changes of periodontal disease. A major goal of periodontal therapy is supraand subgingival bacterial flora reduction through scaling and root planning, through local and general antimicrobial treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanical treatment of scaling and root planning in reducing or suppressing bacterial species from the periodontal pockets. In order to conduct this study we collected and analyzed subgingival plaque samples taken from the 50 periodontal pockets with a depth of about 5mm, from 50 subjects with diagnosis of generalized chronic periodontitis, before and after scaling and root planning. The usage of API 20A test allows a quick and easy identification of anaerobic bacteria based on biochemical properties. Additional complementary tests were used, such as examining the culture and the morpho-tinctorial features to confirm and complete the identification. The microbial flora that we were able to isolate from the periodontal pockets before scaling and root planning was very rich. After scaling and root planning the subjects showed clinical improvement in the periodontal status, and the microbiological analysis of the periodontal pockets mostly showed a quantitative and qualitative reduction of bacterial species. A local or general antimicrobial treatment is recommended to assure improved effectiveness because mechanical treatment alone cannot completely suppress bacterial flora.

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Bacterial Flora of "Normal" Sinuses

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.86.4.649 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 649-649

Author(s):

Itzhak Brook

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Oral Flora ◽

Sinus Cavity ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

To the Editor.— I read with interest the study by Arruda et al1 concerning the recovery of organisms from maxillary sinuses. The authors were able to isolate bacteria from 6 (29%) of the 21 patients with normal maxillary sinus radiographs. These findings support our earlier observation in which we recovered aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in uninfected maxillary sinuses.2 The colonization of the sinus cavity with oral flora may explain the chain of events that lead to infection.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BACTERIAL FLORA IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF MICE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.122.1.59 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 172

Author(s):

Russell W. Schaedler ◽

René Dubos ◽

Richard Costello

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Culture Media ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Anaerobic Incubation ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Different Parts

Selective culture media, and equipment for anaerobic incubation of large numbers of specimens, have been developed to facilitate the quantitative enumeration of the various aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species present in the gastrointestinal tract. The evolution of this flora has been followed in young mice from several colonies by cultivating homogenates of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract at daily intervals from the time of birth to the time of weaning. It has been found that the lactobacilli and anaerobic streptococci become established immediately after birth and persist in large numbers, not only in the large intestine but also in the stomach and in the small intestine. In contrast, the anaerobic bacilli of the bacteroides group become established only after the 16th day; they multiply only in the large intestine but persist in this organ in very large numbers. Other bacterial species become established at different periods of time after birth, exhibit characteristic anatomic localizations, and greatly fluctuate in numbers. In general, the populations of enterobacilli and enterococci decrease precipitously after having reached a maximum level shortly after the beginning of colonization.

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THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF LOW-ACID VEGETABLES CANNED AT 212° F.: I. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PROCESSING PROCEDURES

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr45f-024 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 23f (4) ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. H. Garrard ◽

J. H. L. Truscott ◽

J. W. Conner

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Water Bath ◽

Tomato Juice ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Low-acid vegetables were processed in a water-bath at 212° F. for one-half to three hours continuously and also intermittently, as in home canning. Peas, corn, and snap beans processed by these methods showed the presence of many types of surviving aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but none showed spoilage when containers were effectively sealed. The same was found true for commercially canned products. The addition of 50% tomato juice to snap beans considerably reduced the number of bacterial survivors and made possible the greatest number of sterile containers, even with processing time of one and one-half hours.

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Quantitative Bacteriology of Tonsils Removed from Children with Tonsillitis Hypertrophy and Recurrent Tonsillitis with and without Hypertrophy

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949510400810 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 646-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Kuhn ◽

L. W. Preston Church ◽

Itzhak Brook ◽

David A. Bianchi ◽

Catherine L. Waters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽

Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽

Eikenella Corrodens ◽

Etiologic Role ◽

Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Number Of Bacteria

The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species and their numbers were studied in tonsillar specimens from children who had undergone elective tonsillectomy: 6 patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT), 9 with recurrent tonsillitis with hypertrophy (RTH), and 8 with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy (OTH). Mixed flora were present in all tonsils, yielding an average of 6.7 isolates (5.6 aerobic or facultative and 1.1 anaerobic bacteria). The highest recovery rate of organisms per tonsil was in patients with OTH (7.7 per tonsil), compared to 6.3 per tonsil in RT and 5.9 per tonsil in RTH. The predominant aerobic and facultative organisms were Haemophilus influenzae (22 isolates), Neisseria sp (16), Staphylococcus aureus (14), and Eikenella corrodens (14), and the predominant anaerobic bacteria were Fusobacterium sp (8), Bacteroides sp (7), and Prevotella melaninogenica (5). The number of bacteria per gram of tonsillar tissue varied between 104 and 108. A higher concentration of S aureus and H influenzae was found in hypertrophic tonsils (RTH and OTH) as compared to RT. These findings suggest the presence of an increased bacterial load and supports an etiologic role for H influenzae and S aureus in hypertrophic tonsils with and without inflammation (RTH and OTH). Further studies to elucidate the effect of selective antimicrobial therapy directed at these organisms may offer an alternative management of hypertrophic tonsils.

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Bacteriological investigations of clinical mastitis in heifers in Sweden

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900029721 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Per Jonsson ◽

Sven-Ove Olsson ◽

Ann-Sophie Olofson ◽

Christer Fälth ◽

Olof Holmberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Strictly Anaerobic ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Different Seasons

SummaryBacterial analyses were carried out of 2069 udder secretions, isolated from 1481 heifers with mastitis in eight veterinary districts in Sweden. Streptococci, e.g. Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Str. uberis, dominated the bacterial flora, being isolated from 34·4 and 19·5% respectively of heifers with clinical mastitis occurring from puberty up to 14 d post partum. Bacterial species generally regarded as important pathogens in the summer mastitis complex, e.g. Actinomyces pyogenes, Stuart–Schwan coccus and strictly anaerobic bacteria such as Peptostreptococcus indolicus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were isolated at low frequencies (13·2, 6·3, 9·4, 3·8 and 1·3% respectively). When the cases of mastitis studied were restricted to those appearing in heifers pre partum, May 15 to October 14 (summer mastitis), these bacterial species were isolated at higher percentages (27·1, 14·4, 21·4, 13·5 and 5·2% respectively). These figures were, nevertheless, still lower than those published in reports from other countries. Whether considered up to 14 d post partum or only pre partum, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of A. pyogenes isolated at different seasons. There were geographical differences in bacterial incidence, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated significantly more often in northern regions whereas Str. dysgalactiae was more common in the south. This and other Swedish investigations support the theory that A. pyogenes and strictly anaerobic bacteria are ‘secondary invaders’ that depend on Str. dysgalactiae to cause a primary infection. It is stressed that the udders of all heifers should be examined daily so that cases of mastitis can be treated immediately.

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CHANGES IN SMALL INTESTINE MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

International Medical Journal ◽

10.37436/2308-5274-2020-1-3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-18

Author(s):

V. M. Lykhman ◽

O. M. Shevchenko ◽

Ye. O. Bilodid ◽

Igor Vladimirovich Volchenko ◽

I. A. Kulyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Species Composition ◽

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Acute Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Among urgent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity, an acute intestinal obstruction is the most difficult to be diagnosed and treated. Leading factor, determining the development of pathophysiological processes is considered to be the progressive manifestations of enteric insufficiency syndrome, resulting in intestinal barrier impairment, negative changes in ecology of intestinal flora, increased endotoxins. To identify the small intestine microflora in acute intestinal obstruction and determine the role of dysbiotic disorders in clinical manifestations of main pathological process, a study was conducted in 60 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction. The small intestine has a relatively rare microflora, consisting mainly of gram−positive facultative aerobic microorganisms, streptococci, lactobacilli. The distal ileum in nearly 30−55 % of healthy people contains scanty microflora, and yet the flora of this area differs from the microbial population of the higher gastrointestinal tract due to higher concentration of gram−negative bacteria. Optional−anaerobic coliform bacilli, anaerobic bifidobacteria and fusobacteria, bacteroids, the number of which starts exceeding the one of gram−positive species, are presented in significant quantities. Distal to the ileocecal valve there are significant changes in the microflora quantitative and species composition. Obligatory anaerobic bacteria become the predominant part of microflora, exceeding the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The bacterial flora in different parts of gastrointestinal tract has its own specifics and is quite constant, as a result of the interaction of many factors, regulating the bacterial population in small intestine. The most important among them are: acidity of gastric juice, normal peristaltic activity of the intestine, bacterial interactions and immune mechanisms. Disorders of the intestine motor and evacuation function with its obstruction lead to slow passage of the chyme and contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with new types of microbes. There is a syndrome of small intestine excessive colonization, which means an increased concentration of bacterial populations in it, similar in species composition to the colon microflora. Pathological intra−intestinal contents become a source of endogenous infection and re−infection of the patient, leads to internal digestive disorders, which is manifested by syndrome of malabsorption of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Key words: acute intestinal obstruction, small intestinal microflora, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, intestinal biocenosis.

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Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2198

Author(s):

Rosario Musumeci ◽

Pasquale Troiano ◽

Marianna Martinelli ◽

Matteo Piovella ◽

Claudio Carbonara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Contralateral Eye

A multicenter, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to evaluate, as perioperative prophylactic treatment, the anti-infective effectiveness of 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) against the bacterial flora of the conjunctival surface of patients who undergo cataract surgery. Eye drops containing 0.66% povidone-iodine were applied to the eye undergoing cataract surgery; the untreated contralateral eye was used as control. One hundred and twenty patients set to receive unilateral cataract surgery were enrolled in 5 Italian Ophthalmology Centers and pretreated for three days with 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops. The contralateral eye, used as control, was left untreated. Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were collected at the baseline visit and after three days of treatment, just before the cataract surgery. A qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial presence was evaluated by means of bacterial culture, followed by identification. Methicillin resistance determination was also performed on staphylococci isolates. Bacterial load before and after treatment of the eye candidate for cataract surgery was evaluated and compared to the untreated eye. A reduction or no regrowth on the culture media of the bacterial load was observed in 100% of the study subjects. A great heterogenicity of bacterial species was found. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops, used for three days prior to cataract surgery, were effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) might represent a valid perioperative prophylactic antiseptic adjuvant treatment to protect the ocular surface from microbial contamination in preparation of the surgical procedure.

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