Bacterial Flora of "Normal" Sinuses

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

To the Editor.— I read with interest the study by Arruda et al1 concerning the recovery of organisms from maxillary sinuses. The authors were able to isolate bacteria from 6 (29%) of the 21 patients with normal maxillary sinus radiographs. These findings support our earlier observation in which we recovered aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in uninfected maxillary sinuses.2 The colonization of the sinus cavity with oral flora may explain the chain of events that lead to infection.

Bacteriology of endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Kai-Li Liang ◽  
Jinq-Wen Jang ◽  
Chen-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Biopsy Forceps ◽  
Paranasal Sinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
Sinus Ostium ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

AbstractThe bacteriology of maxillary sinuses with normal endoscopic findings is reported in this study. When transantral sinoscopy was used to examine the maxillary sinuses, the whole maxillary sinus was inspected with different-angle endoscopes. If no lesion was seen over the whole maxillary sinus mucosa, no secretion existed in the maxillary sinus cavity, and the maxillary sinus ostium was wide open, the maxillary sinus was considered endoscopically normal. The bacteriology of these endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses was studied by passing cotton-tipped sticks through the cannula to collect swab specimens. In some cases, a biopsy forceps was also passed to obtain mucosal specimens. The specimens were sent to the laboratory for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Between July 1990 and May 1998, 83 swab and 31 mucosal specimens were collected from 69 patients who had not taken any antibiotic within 10 days before endoscopy. The culture rates were 62.3 per cent (35/53) from swab specimens and 57.1 per cent (eight out of 14) from mucosal specimens in patients with the diagnosis of chronic paranasal sinusitis, and were 46.7 per cent (14/30) from swab specimens and 41. 2 per cent (seven out of 17) from mucosal specimens in patients without this diagnosis. This study shows that endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses are not sterile.

Immunoglobulin- and complement-coated bacteria in pus from peritonsillar abscesses

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Lilja ◽  
Simo Räisänen ◽  
Lars-Eric Stenfors
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

AbstractFifty-five samples of pus were collected from 51 acute, non-perforated, two spontaneously ruptured and two recurrent peritonsillar abscesses (35 males and 18 females; median age 18 years) and analysed regarding (i) aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (standard culturing), (ii) morphology of bacteria and inflammatory cells (direct microscopy of acridine orange-stained material), and (iii) the percentage of bacteria coated with immunoglobulins IgG, secretory IgA (SIgA) andIgM and complement cleavage product C3b (immunofluorescence assay). Seventy-one per cent of the abscesses harboured a mixed bacterial flora of various aerobes and anaerobes. In none of the cases with a single bacterial species (27 per cent) could immunoglobulin- or complement-coated bacteria be found. In abscesses with a mixed flora, 18 per cent harboured IgG-coated, 15 per cent SIgA-coated, five per cent IgM-coated and five per cent C3b-coated bacteria, respectively. All pus samples contained inflammatory cells in abundance but they were mostly deformed and only occasionally could intracellular bacteria be recognized. Insufficient immunoglobulin-coating of bacteria might be an important aetiopathogenic factor in the development of a peritonsillar abscess. Bactericide in the abscesses is accomplished chiefly by protective mechanisms not dependent on antigen recognition by antibodies.

Bacterial Flora in Normal Adult Maxillary Sinuses

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Abou Hamad ◽  
Nayla Matar ◽  
Michelle Elias ◽  
Marwan Nasr ◽  
Dolla Sarkis-Karam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses ◽  
Sinus Endoscopy

Background Conflicting data exist about the presence of bacteria in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. This study was designed to determine the bacterial flora and to quantify the level of bacterial presence in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. Method Subjects included 34 patients undergoing Lefort I osteotomy for orthognathic surgery. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by a questionnaire and a complete physical examination including sinus endoscopy. Our exclusion criteria were presence of sinonasal symptoms, asthma, antibiotic treatment in the past 3 months, treatment with local steroids, previous sinonasal surgery, traumatic surgery, and an abnormal CT scan or sinus endoscopy. Washes were obtained from maxillary sinuses before surgery through an antral puncture. The sinus was irrigated with sterile saline followed by aspiration with a syringe attached to the trocar. Basic sterility rules were rigorously applied. Specimens were transported to the laboratory in an air-free syringe. Time between collection of materials and inoculation of the specimen did not exceed 15 minutes. Specimens were inoculated for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Results After applying the selection criteria, 14 patients (28 sinuses) remained. Eight (57.1%) were men with a mean age of 22.7 years; 82.14% of the specimens were sterile. Bacterial organisms were recovered in only four patients with two different coagulase-negative staphylococci in the same patient: one in each sinus with 200 UFC/mL in the left sinus and 10 UFC/mL in the right sinus, one Citrobacter fundii (70 UFC/mL) and two polymorphic floras. Conclusion This descriptive study shows the large predominance of sterile maxillary sinus cavities in asymptomatic adults with endoscopically normal mucosa.

Bacteriology of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Adults

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Aspirates of 72 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 66 of the 72 specimens (92%). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 58 of the 66 culture-positive specimens (88%). Anaerobes only were recovered in 37 cases (56%) and in 21 (32%) they were mixed with aerobic or facultative bacteria. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in eight cases (12%). A total of 185 isolates (2.8 per specimen) — 131 (2.0 per specimen) anaerobes and 54 (0.8 per specimen) aerobes or facultatives — were isolated. The predominant anaerobic organisms were anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides sp, and the predominant aerobes or facultatives were Streptococcus sp and Staphylococcus aureus. Twelve of the 27 Bacteroides sp that were tested for β-lactamase (44%) produced the enzyme. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in chronic sinusitis.

Bacteriology of the Maxillary Sinus of Rhesus Monkeys

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene D. Shapiro ◽  
William Doyle ◽  
Ellen R. Wald ◽  
Dale Rohn
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Quantitative cultures of transantral aspirates of the maxillary sinuses of rhesus monkeys were performed to determine whether the sinuses have a normal bacterial flora. Of 13 sinus aspirate cultures 11 (85%) were sterile. The two positive sinus aspirate cultures had extremely low colony counts of the same bacteria present on the nasal mucosa prior to the sinus puncture. The maxillary sinuses of rhesus monkeys are sterile.

Correlation of Middle Meatal and Maxillary Sinus Cultures in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay M. Vaidya ◽  
James M. Chow ◽  
James A. Stankiewicz ◽  
M. Rita I. Young ◽  
Herbert L. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Middle Meatus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Sinus Ostium ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Cultures obtained from the middle meatus have been used frequently in the past to direct therapy in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. However, no convincing data have been published to indicate that middle meatal cultures accurately represent the bacterial flora within the maxillary sinus. The hypothesis of this experiment is that bacteria obtained by directed middle meatal cultures qualitatively and quantitatively correlate with cultures taken by maxillary sinus puncture. Acute sinusitis was induced by injecting 108 colony-forming units of bacteria directly into the maxillary sinuses of rabbits in which the ostia were occluded with cotton packs. Eight animals were injected with Staphylococcus aureus, eight with Haemophilus influenzae, and eight with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The packs were removed after 3 days, and specimens were obtained from the middle meatus in the region of the maxillary sinus ostium, and from the maxillary sinus, 1 day later. The contralateral maxillary sinuses of six of the animals were injected with normal saline and served as controls. There was a 100% correlation rate between cultures of specimens obtained from the maxillary sinus and from the middle meatus in all 24 animals. In addition, the quantitative counts from the middle meatus and the maxillary sinus correlated. Control animals showed no bacterial growth from either the middle meatus or the maxillary sinus. These results show that, in an animal model of acute sinusitis, cultures of specimens from the middle meatus reflect the contents of the maxillary sinus.

THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF LOW-ACID VEGETABLES CANNED AT 212° F.: I. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PROCESSING PROCEDURES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Garrard ◽  
J. H. L. Truscott ◽  
J. W. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Low-acid vegetables were processed in a water-bath at 212° F. for one-half to three hours continuously and also intermittently, as in home canning. Peas, corn, and snap beans processed by these methods showed the presence of many types of surviving aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but none showed spoilage when containers were effectively sealed. The same was found true for commercially canned products. The addition of 50% tomato juice to snap beans considerably reduced the number of bacterial survivors and made possible the greatest number of sterile containers, even with processing time of one and one-half hours.

scholarly journals Modified In-Office Maxillary Balloon Sinus Dilation for Post-Procedure Sinus Monitoring and Access

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 068-072
Author(s):  
Gary Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Introduction As experience grows with in-office balloon sinus dilation (BSD) procedures, technique modifications will evolve to meet specific needs. The major disadvantage with the maxillary BSD procedure is that the intact uncinate process prevents visualization of and instrument access into the maxillary sinus both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Combining a partial or complete uncinectomy procedure with maxillary BSD could be beneficial in selected patients with certain maxillary sinus problems. Objective The primary objective of this study was to see if, in selected patients, combining an uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD together allowed visualization of and access to the maxillary sinus cavity at the time of the procedure and at follow-up visits. Method A chart review was completed for BSD cases performed from 2013 through mid-2015 identifying patients who underwent partial or complete uncinectomy with in-office maxillary sinus BSD. A total of 14 patients were identified, with 26 sinuses treated. The data collected included: difficulty or problems in performing an uncinectomy with the maxillary sinus BSD; visualization and access to the maxillary sinus cavity both intraoperatively and at follow-up visits; and occurrence of complications or late adverse sequelae. All patients completed a minimum 6-month follow-up. Results Combined uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD procedures were easily completed for all patients without complications, and no late adverse sequelae were encountered. The maxillary sinuses could be visualized and accessed, if needed, intraoperatively and at all follow-up visits. Conclusions In selected subsets of maxillary sinus conditions this procedure modification can provide significant benefits. A case is presented for illustration.

Bacterial Flora of Normal Maxillary Sinuses in Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P72-P73
Author(s):  
Walid M Abou Hamad ◽  
Nayla E. Matar ◽  
Michelle Elias ◽  
Nabil Hokayem ◽  
Marwan W. Nasr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses ◽  
Sinus Endoscopy

Objective (1)To determine the bacterial flora and (2) to quantify the level of bacterial presence in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. Methods Subjects included 25 consecutive patients undergoing Lefort I osteotomy for orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia between January 2007 and February 2008. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by a questionnaire and a complete physical examination including sinus endoscopy. Our exclusion criteria were: presence of sinonasal symptoms, asthma, antibiotic treatment in the past 3 months, treatment with local steroids, previous sinonasal surgery, traumatic surgery, and an abnormal sinus endoscopy. Washes were obtained from maxillary sinuses before surgery through an antral puncture. The sinus was irrigated with 1cc of sterile saline followed by aspiration with a syringe attached to the trocar. Basic sterility rules were rigorously applied. Specimens were transported to the laboratory in a sealed, airfree syringe. Time between collection of materials and inoculation of the specimen did not exceed 15 minutes. Specimens were inoculated for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Results After applying the selection criteria, 14 patients (28 sinuses) remained. Eight (57.1%) were males with a mean age of 22.7 years. 82.14% of the specimens were sterile. Bacterial organisms were recovered in only 4 patients with 2 different coagulase negative staphylococci in the same patient: one in each sinus with 200UFC/ml in the left sinus and 10UFC/ml in the right sinus, 1 citrobacter fundii (70 UFC/ml) and 2 polymorphic floras. Conclusions This descriptive study demonstrates the large predominance of sterile maxillary sinus cavities in asymptomatic adults with endoscopically normal mucosa.

Abnormal Maxillary Sinus Radiographs in Children: Do They Represent Bacterial Infection?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
L. Karla Arruda ◽  
I. M. Mimica ◽  
D. Solé ◽  
L. L. M. Weckx ◽  
J. Schoettler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Thirty-three children with chronic tonsillitis and/or adenoid enlargement and without previous diagnosis of sinusitis were studied regarding the bacterial flora of their maxillary sinuses. Puncture of maxillary sinus was performed at surgery (adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy) and aspirates were cultured. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 8 of 12 (66.7%) patients whose x-rays showed completely opacified maxillary sinus. Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were recovered from 6 (28.6%) of the 21 patients with normal maxillary sinus radiographs. Bacterial titers were greater than 104 colonies/mL in all but one of the positive cultures. No anaerobic bacteria were isolated. History of bronchial asthma, presence of nasal purulent secretion, elevated blood eosinophils, and elevated serum IgE were found more frequently in children with complete opacification of maxillary sinus. Serum levels of IgG2 were low in 29% of the children, but no correlation was found between low IgG2 levels and positive cultures from maxillary sinus aspirates. We concluded that children with complete radiologic opacification of maxillary sinus had bacterial infection in almost 70% of the cases with symptoms that did not prompt their physicians to consider the diagnosis of sinusitis.

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