The Other Door: Spain and the Guatemalan Counter-Revolution, 1944–54

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Weld
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
Us Intervention

AbstractThis article reveals the influence of the Spanish Civil War (1936–9) on both the reformers of Guatemala's ‘Revolutionary Spring’ (1944–54) and the reactionaries who overthrew Jacobo Arbenz in 1954. It shows how officials in the Arévalo and Arbenz administrations looked to the defeated Second Spanish Republic as a moral and political example, while local opponents of those administrations treated Spain's Nationalist insurgency and Francisco Franco's dictatorship as models for how to exterminate communism. In so doing, the article argues for the importance of multi-sited transnational Cold War histories that complement existing studies of US intervention.

The English Catholic Press and the Second Spanish Republic, 1931–1936

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The sympathy of most English Catholics during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 lay with General Francisco Franco and the other generals who had rebelled against the Second Spanish Republic. If there was any doubt of this, the spate of literature which then appeared, much of it polemical, and the journalistic views presented could leave little doubt on the matter. The adoption of an anti-Republican stance in English Catholic circles, while not complete, nevertheless implied an adverse judgment upon the viability and legitimacy of the Republic, if not its legality, from 1936 onward. The Republic had failed in its primary obligation—to rule justly—and the military revolt had been necessary to forestall anarchy or communism. The judgment that the Republic had failed, however, was not an a priori one, nor was it enthusiastically reached so much as accepted.

The Second Spanish Republic in soviet and russian studies: specificity, problems, interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-368
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

For many years, representatives of Soviet and then Russian historical science paid special attention to the period of the Second Spanish Republic and, especially, to the events of 1936-1939. The Spanish Civil War was and remains a topic that attracts the attention of specialists and influences the development of a multifaceted Russian-Spanish cultural dialogue. There are significantly fewer works on the peaceful years of the Republic, which is typical not only for domestic science, but also for the historiography of this period as a whole. Four key periods can be distinguished in the formation of the national historiography of the Spanish Republic. The first is associated with the existence of the Republic itself and is distinguished by significant political engagement. The second opens after 1956 and combines the continuity with respect to the period of the 1930s. and, at the same time, striving for objectivity, developing methodology and expanding the source base. The third stage is associated with the period of the 1970s-1980s, the time of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Spain, as well as the active interaction of historians of the two countries. The fourth stage, which lasted thirty years, was the time of the formation of the Russian historiography of the Second Republic, which sought to get rid of the ideological attitudes that left a significant imprint on the research of the Soviet period. This time is associated with the active archival work of researchers and the publication of sources, the expansion of topics, interdisciplinary approaches. Among the studies of the history of the Second Republic outside Spain, Russian historiography has a special place due to the specifics of Soviet-Spanish relations during the Civil War, and the archival funds in our country, and the traditions of Russian historical Spanish studies, and the preservation of republican memory.

From Ideological to Humanistic Interpretations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Antonio Cazorla-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
The Cold War

The recent evolution of both the historiography on the Spanish Civil War, and even the general population's perception of the conflict, cannot be separated from the changes in the political and cultural paradigms in Europe since the end of the Cold War. By this I mean that Europeans, but not only them, have been evolving from a mostly ideological view of the past to an increasingly humanistic one.

Recognition of Belligerency and the Spanish War

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon A. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Legal Sense ◽  
High Seas

Few problems raised by the Spanish civil war are more interesting than those growing out of the fact that a state of war, in the legal sense, does not exist; belligerent rights have been accorded to neither of the contestants by third Powers. Consequently, on January 8 of this year, Germany turned over to the rebel authorities two Spanish loyalist vessels captured in retaliation to an “act of piracy”—an indictment earned by the loyalist government for its seizure of the German freighter, Palos. One may feel justifiably surprised that a government almost universally recognized as legitimate can be charged with piratical activities. Further reflection reveals that the Spanish situation presents many more questions concerning the rights and duties of the contestants as against third parties. In the absence of the recognition of belligerency, what are the rights of loyalist and rebel ships on the high seas? In the territorial waters of Spain? May the fascist or socialistic factions establish blockades? What are the powers and validity of their prize courts? Who is answerable for the illegal acts of the rebels should they lose—or be victorious? What claims will the Spanish Government have as against third Powers should one or the other prove successful? May the loyalist authorities by simple decree close to neutral trade the ports held by the insurgents? Moreover, how would all of these matters be affected if the maritime Powers of the world were to recognize the existence of a state of war, i.e., belligerency, in Spain? And, finally, in view of the magnitude and duration of the struggle, is there any justification for withholding such recognition?

scholarly journals Franco en Portugal: la revitalización de los mitos franquistas para romper el cerco internacional

Tripodos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Clara Sanz Hernando ◽  
Ana Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
International Image ◽  
The Cold War

El trabajo analiza la visita de Estado que Franco realizó al Portugal de Sa­lazar, en octubre de 1949. Este viaje se preparó con fines propagandísticos para romper el aislamiento internacio­nal de España y mejorar la imagen del caudillo en el exterior. Con la utilización de las perspectivas histórica, cuantitati­va, cualitativa y comparativa se analiza este acontecimiento y las informaciones que proporcionaron dos diarios espa­ñoles (ABC y Arriba) y dos portugueses (Diário de Notícias y Diário da Man­hã), sometidos a un potente sistema de censura y consignas. La investigación concluye que un formidable aparato propagandístico convirtió este acto en un éxito. Para este fin, se recuperó y re­vitalizó el arsenal mitológico creado por el régimen desde la misma Guerra Civil. En el nuevo contexto de la Guerra Fría, el caudillo apareció como un adelanta­do a su época por haber frenado al co­munismo desde el 18 de julio de 1936.   Franco in Portugal: The Revitalisation of Franquist Myths in Order to Break International Barriers This study analyses Franco’s state visit to Salazar’s Portugal in October 1949. This visit was organized with the pro­pagandist aim of improving Franco’s international image and thus breaking Spain’s isolation. This event is analysed using historical, quantitative, qualita­tive and comparative perspectives to assess two Spanish (ABC and Arriba) and two Portuguese (Diário de Notí­cias and Diário da Manhã) daily news­papers, all subject to strong censorship mechanisms. This study concludes that a formidable propagandistic structure made a success out of the visit. To this end, the arsenal of myths created by the regime from the time of the Spanish Civil War was recovered and revitalised. In the new context of the Cold War, Franco was seen as a leader who was ahead of his time for having put an end to communism on July 18, 1936.

scholarly journals Lectura y aprendizaje lector en tiempos de guerra

2020 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Gaetano Antonio Vigna
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Learning

Resumen: En esta contribución se estudia la escena del aprendizaje lector y el encuentro con el libro que seis escritores contemporáneos cristalizan en sus libros de memorias. A través del análisis de tres tópicos estrechamente relacionados con dicha vivencia de la etapa infantil —la influencia de mentor; la rebelión al mundo escolar; el listado de obras influyentes—, se apreciará el poder consolador y correctivo del libro en el trasfondo histórico de la Guerra Civil española y de los primeros años del franquismo. A partir de esta aproximación, el artículo mostrará, por un lado, cómo los niños protagonistas de los libros escogidos contestarán el canon literario impuesto y el sistema educativo oficial, rechazado a favor del autodidactismo. Por el otro, será posible apreciar el retrato que estos memorialistas ofrecen de aquellos años de represión.Abstract: In this paper we study the scene of the learning of reading and the encounter with the Book as six contemporary writers narrate in their memoirs. Through the analysis of three autobiographemes related to this experience of the childhood —the mentor’s influence; the school rebellion; the list of influential literary works—, we will appreciate the consoling and corrective power of the book during the Spanish Civil War and the earlier years of the Francoist regime. From this approach, this paper will show, on the one hand, how the main characters of the selected memoirs reject the imposed literary canon, as well as the formal educational system in favor of self-learning. On the other, it will give us a portrait of Spanish society in those repressive years.

scholarly journals Germans Suffering in Spain: Cold War Visions of the Spanish Civil War in Fünf Patronenhülsen (1960) and Solange du lebst (1955)1

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Stefan Soldovieri
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
East Germany ◽  
The West ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract Since 1989 connections between the once geopolitically divided German movie industries have received increasing attention. This article considers how two films of the early post-war period—one produced in East Germany and one from the West—mobilized in different ways figurations of German suffering and sacrifice. The author argues that despite their diverging politics, the two films participate in a trans-German discourse of suffering that persisted in historically variable ways throughout the Cold War period.

scholarly journals International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
STATHIS N. KALYVAS ◽  
LAIA BALCELLS
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
International System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

Because they are chiefly domestic conflicts, civil wars have been studied primarily from a perspective stressing domestic factors. We ask, instead, whether (and how) the international system shapes civil wars; we find that it does shape the way in which they are fought—their “technology of rebellion.” After disaggregating civil wars into irregular wars (or insurgencies), conventional wars, and symmetric nonconventional wars, we report a striking decline of irregular wars following the end of the Cold War, a remarkable transformation of internal conflict. Our analysis brings the international system back into the study of internal conflict. It specifies the connection between system polarity and the Cold War on the one hand and domestic warfare on the other hand. It also demonstrates that irregular war is not the paradigmatic mode of civil war as widely believed, but rather is closely associated with the structural characteristics of the Cold War.

scholarly journals Segunda República Española y prostitución: un modelo a tener en cuenta en la actualidad / Second Spanish Republic and Prostitution: A Model to Imitate in the Present

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-288
Author(s):  
Mercedes Rivas Arjona
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Law

ABSTRACTThe Second Republic in Spain was affected by numerous changes in all areas that affect as well greatly to the prostitution´s field. The modifications in the system of prostitution shall be based mainly in the law, sanitary-assistance and propaganda. These changes will count with clear previous historic events, will have a short life because the short period of republic-government, and affect, in some cases, to very specific sectors of the republican fields. Never the less, introduce innovation elements, that in the case to have won the Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War, maybe would had been affected deeply all reality about prostitution world. The action of republic-government can be used as example today to face a hard and complex problem. The innovative proposals, the action in few fields at the same times, and knowhow to build on the already built, they are the three elements more relevant of the policy to face the prostitution.RESUMENLa Segunda República en España estará marcada por numerosas reformas en todos los ámbitos que afectarán también de forma muy importante al mundo de la prostitución. Los cambios en el sistema prostitucional se asentarán principalmente en los campos legislativo, sanitario-asistencial y publicitario. Dichos cambios contarán con claros antecedentes históricos, tendrán un recorrido escaso dada la duración del gobierno republicano, y se circunscribirán, en algunos casos, a sectores muy concretos del imaginario republicano. Pese a todo, introducirán elementos tremendamente innovadores que, de haber triunfado la República en la Guerra Civil española, muy posiblemente hubieran trastocado profundamente todo lo relacionado con el mundo de la prostitución. Su actuación puede servirnos de ejemplo en la actualidad para hacer frente a un problema que encierra una gran complejidad. Las propuestas innovadoras, su actuación en varios campos al mismo tiempo y su saber construir sobre lo ya construido, son los tres elementos más destacados de sus políticas para hacer frente a la prostitución.

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