The Development of Metallurgy in Southeast Asia: Reply to Loofs-Wissowa

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn Bayard ◽  
Pisit Charoenwongsa
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
Early Metallurgy

We find this a most curious attack, both in tone and in substance; Loofs-Wissowa appears to believe that we, Solheim, Gorman, and the media have been engaged in a conspiracy to cloud the minds of Westerners and Southeast Asians alike on the origins of metallurgy in the region. Loofs-Wissowa evidently feels that Southeast Asian laymen view this question as equal in importance to contemporary issues there (which is of course not the case). He also believes that it is the most burning issue in archaeology since Piltdown or Glozel, splitting the profession into “Believers” in the “long dates” and “Non Believers”. This is again rather an exaggeration; we would estimate the “Believers” to number not more than a few hundred, while the “Non Believers” may be counted on the fingers of one hand (Marschall, Sørensen, Sieveking, and of course Loofs-Wissowa himself). The remainder of the archaeological world (i.e., over 90%) has other questions to occupy it. However, Loofs-Wissowa is certainly correct in pointing out the attention paid to the question of early metallurgy over the past few years, and we welcome this opportunity to counter his arguments and distinguish between our views and those published by the media. This may best be done by first pointing out errors of omission in the facts presented by Loofs-Wissowa, by examining basic errors in his conceptual framework, and finally by answering the three specific questions he poses.

Cultural construction of illness, festival and music in Southeast Asia

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Muhamad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Sound ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Health Performance

Southeast Asia remains a rich region for students and scholars interested in understanding the place of culture within a variety of human activities. Three recent studies under review, Acts of integration, Bridges to the ancestors and Listening to an earlier Java, particularly demonstrate the ways in which culture plays a pertinent role in the health, performance and music of contemporary Southeast Asians. Although Acts of integration focuses on mental images, Bridges to the ancestors on a festival, and Listening to an earlier Java on musical sound, the studies shared the recognition of the interplay between two opposite yet interactive forces: sacred and secular; inner and outer; order and chaos; male and female. They argue that mental normality, aesthetics and music represent, shape and are shaped by culture characterised by such dichotomous categories. Amidst other studies which try to deconstruct culture as more fluid and hybrid, however, these works serve as a reminder of the place of culture as an underlying persistent force in shaping the views and lives of many Southeast Asian peoples.

Crossing the Minefield: Politics of Refugee Research and Service

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Jeffery MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
The Past ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Southeast Asian Refugee ◽  
And Training ◽  
Assessment Research

For the past seven years I have worked in dual roles as an ethnographic researcher and an applied anthropologist/social worker in the Southeast Asian refugee community in Portland, Oregon. I began doing research within a single ethnic community of Iu-Mien (Yao) refugees from Laos. Like many refugee researchers, I soon became an applied anthropologist, first providing services for the Iu-Mien. Later, I took a position in a refugee resettlement social service agency where I began to work with other Southeast Asian ethnic communities, providing direct client services and training, doing needs assessment research, and managing and designing culturally specific programs for Southeast Asians.

scholarly journals Introduction: Transitions from late prehistory to early historic periods in mainland Southeast Asia, c. early to mid-first millennium CE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy ◽  
Miriam T. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
World System ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
External Events

Studies of early Southeast Asia focus largely on its ‘classical states’, when rulers and their entourages from Sukhothai and Ayutthaya (Thailand), Angkor (Cambodia), Bagan (Myanmar), Champa and Dai Viet (Vietnam) clashed, conquered, and intermarried one another over an approximately six-century-long quest for legitimacy and political control. Scholarship on Southeast Asia has long held that such transformations were largely a response to outside intervention and external events, or at least that these occurred in interaction with a broader world system in which Southeast Asians played key roles. As research gathered pace on the prehistory of the region over the past five decades or so, it has become increasingly clear that indigenous Southeast Asian cultures grew in sophistication and complexity over the Iron Age in particular. This has led archaeologists to propose much greater agency in regard to the selective adaptation of incoming Indic beliefs and practices than was previously assumed under early scholarship of the nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth century.

Being Protestant Christians in Southeast Asian Worlds

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protestant Christians ◽  
Christian Practices ◽  
Christian Message

The five cases of Protestant Christian practice in Indonesia and Thailand presented in this symposium are used to develop a sociology of Protestantism in Southeast Asia. A review is first undertaken of the history of Protestant missionary activity in Southeast Asia. Protestantism, it is observed, insists on the ultimate authority of the Bible. This authority has not been accepted by Southeast Asians until they have access to the Christian message in their own languages and they are motivated to adopt Christian practices as a means to confront deep crises in their lives. The establishment of Protestant Christianity has entailed the interpreting of the Christian message with reference to the non-Christian contexts in which Protestants in Southeast Asia live.

scholarly journals Nutritional and lifestyle intervention strategies for metabolic syndrome in Southeast Asia: A scoping review of recent evidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257433
Author(s):  
Sze Mun Thor ◽  
Jun Wern Yau ◽  
Amutha Ramadas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Asian Populations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is frequently associated with various health issues and is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly with its recent relevance to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To combat its increasing prevalence in Southeast Asia, numerous intervention programs have been implemented. We conducted a scoping review on recent interventions to manage MetS among Southeast Asians using standard methodologies. Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases were systematically searched to yield peer-reviewed articles published between 2010–2020. We included 13 articles describing 11 unique interventions in four Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. These interventions were broadly categorized into four groups: (i) nutrition (n = 4); (ii) physical activity (n = 2); (iii) nutrition and physical activity (n = 2); and (iv) multi-intervention (n = 3). Most studies investigated the effects of an intervention on components of MetS, which are anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose-related parameters, and lipid profile. Significant improvements ranged from 50% of studies reporting serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels to 100% for waist circumference. Evidence on interventions for individuals with MetS remains limited in Southeast Asia. More studies from other countries in this region are needed, especially on the effects of dietary interventions, to effectively address gaps in knowledge and provide sufficient data to design the ideal intervention for Southeast Asian populations.

scholarly journals Editorial Foreword For IKAT, Number 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Reid
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Scholarly Publication ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Southeast Asian Studies ◽  
Editorial Foreword

It is a pleasure to introduce this second issue of the enterprising new journal, IKAT.  It is breaking new ground in opening Indonesia to its region, and establishing a high standard of scholarly publication in English. It is good to see Southeast Asians taking up the challenge of understanding their own region.  As the Orientalist tradition of Europe weakens, institutions and individuals in the region must take up the challenge of understanding, preserving and analysing Southeast Asian cultures, many of them endangered.  Southeast Asian Studies must return to Southeast Asia, and IKAT is certainly helping this process.

Unpacking Taiwan’s Presence in Southeast Asia: The International Socialization of the New Southbound Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 1840003 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN H. YANG
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
International Socialization

Over the past three decades, Taiwan has been struggling to gain an advantage and develop its role in Asia. This island has strived to balance its asymmetric relationship with China by engaging in regional integration in Southeast Asia and beyond. In the 1990s, the Taiwan government initiated the first wave of its Go South Policy aimed at building links at business and government levels with that region. The institutional and social legacy of the Go South Policy contributed to the making of the New Southbound Policy (NSP) which was proposed toward the end of 2015. This paper will unpack Taiwan’s presence in Southeast Asia by highlighting the international socialization process of the NSP and Taiwan’s strategic interaction with the region. It consists of four sections: the first section introduces the concept of international socialization. The second section discusses the positioning of Taiwan’s previous Go South policies. Starting with the shift from a mentality of “Taiwanese Asia” (Taiwan de yazhou, 臺灣的亞洲) to one of “Asian Taiwan” (Yazhou de Taiwan, 亞洲的臺灣), it describes in detail how Taiwan’s successive southward engagement initiatives have blended into the international socialization processes in the region. The third section highlights the relationships the policy’s key actors and stakeholders, including transnational actors, are establishing with their counterparts in Southeast Asia and the new social linkages that are currently being promoted. This includes the activities of Taiwanese residents in Southeast Asia and Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan. The paper concludes by summarizing Taiwan’s international socialization in Asia.

scholarly journals Between Fear and Hope: Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Cahyo Pamungkas ◽  
Saiful Hakam ◽  
Devi Tri Indriasari
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This paper aims to describe the reason of China to change its governance of investment mainly the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Southeast Asia. Although many countries in this region need huge investment to improve and build their infrastructure as well as infrastructure’s connectivity between countries, there is some fear involving China’s investment in the past. These are unintended consequences of China’s investment on environmental, social, and debt-trap in certain poor countries. Nevertheless, there is still hope for better Chinese investment such as consideration of local people’s aspirations and more transparency. At the regional level, the BRI can synergize with local connectivity initiatives, such as the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum, and encourage the integration of the ASEAN Economic Community. Different from the previous studies, this paper also uses the historical approach by learning the relation between China and Southeast Asian countries in the past. Our argument is Southeast Asian countries do not need to fear Chinese economic expansions based on history that China is not a political threat in the region. However, China should change the governance of BRI to accommodate the interest of people in Southeast Asian countries.

Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2: Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
David J. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The Media ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
The University ◽  
Ban Chiang

These three volumes, along with the forthcoming Volume 2D, the catalogue of metal and metal-related finds, present the results of a thorough, detailed study of the metals recovered during archaeological investigations in 1974 and 1975 at the village of Ban Chiang and three smaller sites in the northern part of northeast Thailand. At a time when little was known of Southeast Asian prehistory, the finding of very elaborately painted earthenware pottery vessels, probably prehistoric, at Ban Chiang stirred the interest not only of archaeologists, but also, unfortunately, from the standpoint of scientific investigation of the past, that of looters, dealers, and collectors of antiquarian art. In order to recover a sample of these vessels in their original depositional context, the Thailand Fine Arts Department and the University of Pennsylvania undertook one of the largest excavations of a prehistoric site carried out in Southeast Asia at the time. What subsequently caused added excitement in the media and the scientific community was the recovery of artefacts of iron that appeared to date to the second millennium BCE and of copper or bronze associated with dates in the fourth millennium BCE, perhaps as early as 3600 BCE, seeming to confirm similar early dates for bronze working from the nearby site of Non Nok Tha. Such early dates suggested the possibility of an independent development of metallurgy in Southeast Asia. Because of the importance of the excavation at Ban Chiang as a milestone in Thai and Southeast Asian archaeology, the site was later placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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