Gradient assimilation in French cross-word /n/+velar stop sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Steele ◽  
Laura Colantoni ◽  
Alexei Kochetov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Place Assimilation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Degree Of Overlap ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

Articulatory studies have revealed cross-linguistic variation in the realization of cross-word nasal+stop sequences. Whereas languages such as Italian and Spanish show largely categorical regressive place assimilation (Kochetov & Colantoni 2011, Celata et al. 2013), English and German alveolar nasals are often characterized by gradient assimilation, modulated by the degree of overlap with the following gesture (Barry 1991, Ellis & Hardcastle 2002, Jaeger & Hoole 2011). The lack of comparable instrumental studies for French may be due to the common assumption that the language lacks nasal place assimilation in general. We investigate here the production of French /n/+/kɡ/ sequences via electropalatography. Four female speakers of European and Quebecois French wearing custom 62-electrode acrylic palates read the sentencesC'est une bonne casquette‘That's a good cap’ andC'est une bonne galette‘That's a good tart/cookie’ alongside comparable control sentences involving /n/+/t d/ sequences. For each sequence, assimilation type was determined both qualitatively via visual inspection of the linguopalatal profiles and quantitatively using two contact indices. None of the /n/-tokens exhibited either categorical assimilation (i.e. [ŋk]) or lack of assimilation (i.e. [n(ə)k]). Rather, an intermediate pattern was attested with the nasal involving overlapped coronal and velar gestures ([nn͡ŋ]) and continuous retraction of the constriction. The degree of overlap varied among speakers, extending up to half of the nasal interval. Overall, these French patterns are strikingly different from the categorical processes reported for other Romance languages, yet similar to the gradient assimilation attested in Germanic languages. We conclude by discussing possible sources of these differences.

Student Perceptions of Community: A Different Perspective

NASPA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Clark ◽  
Joan Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research University ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Public Research University ◽  
The Common ◽  
Using Data

The creation of small communities has been proposed as a way of enhancing the educational experience of students at large institutions. Using data from a survey of students living in large and small residences at a public research university, this study does not support the common assumption that small-scale social environments are more conducive to positive community life than large-scale social environments.

scholarly journals Śaivism after the Śaiva Age: Continuities in the Scriptural Corpus of the Vīramāheśvaras

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Popular Work ◽  
First Time

This article makes the case that Vīraśaivism emerged in direct textual continuity with the tantric traditions of the Śaiva Age. In academic practice up through the present day, the study of Śaivism, through Sanskrit sources, and bhakti Hinduism, through the vernacular, are generally treated as distinct disciplines and objects of study. As a result, Vīraśaivism has yet to be systematically approached through a philological analysis of its precursors from earlier Śaiva traditions. With this aim in mind, I begin by documenting for the first time that a thirteenth-century Sanskrit work of what I have called the Vīramāheśvara textual corpus, the Somanāthabhāṣya or Vīramāheśvarācārasāroddhārabhāṣya, was most likely authored by Pālkurikĕ Somanātha, best known for his vernacular Telugu Vīraśaiva literature. Second, I outline the indebtedness of the early Sanskrit and Telugu Vīramāheśvara corpus to a popular work of early lay Śaivism, the Śivadharmaśāstra, with particular attention to the concepts of the jaṅgama and the iṣṭaliṅga. That the Vīramāheśvaras borrowed many of their formative concepts and practices directly from the Śivadharmaśāstra and other works of the Śaiva Age, I argue, belies the common assumption that Vīraśaivism originated as a social and religious revolution.

scholarly journals Adverse Selection, Heterogeneous Beliefs, and Evolutionary Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Buchen ◽  
Alberto Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic System ◽  
Heterogeneous Beliefs ◽  
Evolutionary Learning ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Cobweb Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Learning Set ◽  
Set Up

AbstractWe relax the common assumption of homogeneous beliefs in principal-agent relationships with adverse selection. Principals are competitors in the product market and write contracts also on the base of an expected aggregate. The model is a version of a cobweb model. In an evolutionary learning set-up, which is imitative, principals can have different beliefs about the distribution of agents’ types in the population. The resulting nonlinear dynamic system is studied. Convergence to a uniform belief depends on the relative size of the bias in beliefs.

Reform, corruption, and growth: Why corruption is more devastating in Russia than in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intervening Factors

This article explains why massive political corruption appears to be incompatible with economic growth in Russia but compatible with very rapid economic growth in China. The common assumption is that corruption is bad for economic performance. So how can we explain the puzzling contrast between Russia and China? Is Russia being more severely “punished” for its corruption than China? If so, why? This article demonstrates that three intervening factors—comparative advantage, the organization of corruption, and the nature of rents—determines the impact of corruption on economic performance, and that these factors can explain the divergent outcomes. The article thereby offers an alternative to statist explanations of the Russia-China paradox.

Utilization of heterologous siderophores and rhizosphere competence of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
Lentse van der Sluis ◽  
Peter A. H. M. Bakker ◽  
Bob Schippers ◽  
Margot Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Siderophore Receptors ◽  
Rhizosphere Interactions ◽  
Rhizosphere Population ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Derivative Strain

In this study, the potential of different Pseudomonas strains to utilize heterologous siderophores was compared with their competitiveness in the rhizosphere of radish. This issue was investigated in interactions between Pseudomonas putida WCS358 and Pseudomonas fluoresceins WCS374 and in interactions between strain WCS358 and eight indigenous Pseudomonas strains capable of utilizing pseudobactin 358. During four successive plant growth cycles of radish, strain WCS358 significantly reduced rhizosphere population densities of the wild-type strain WCS374 by up to 30 times, whereas derivative strain WCS374(pMR), harboring the siderophore receptor PupA for ferric pseudobactin 358, maintained its population density. Studies involving interactions between strain WCS358 and eight different indigenous Pseudomonas strains demonstrated that despite the ability of these indigenous isolates to utilize pseudobactin 358, their rhizosphere population densities were significantly reduced by strain WCS358 by up to 20 times. Moreover, rhizosphere colonization by WCS358 was not affected by any of these indigenous strains, even though siderophore-mediated growth inhibition of WCS358 by a majority of these strains was demonstrated in a plate bioassay. In conclusion, it can be stated that siderophore-mediated competition for iron is a major determinant in interactions between WCS358 and WCS374 in the rhizosphere. Moreover, our findings support the common assumption that cloning of siderophore receptor genes from one Pseudomonas strain into another can confer a competitive advantage in interactions in the rhizosphere. Interactions between WCS358 and the selected indigenous rhizosphere isolates, however, indicate that other traits also contribute to the rhizosphere competence of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.Key words: siderophore, siderophore receptors, root colonization, fluorescent Pseudomonas.

Conceptual metaphors as a tool for the efficient teaching of Dutch and German posture verbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine De Knop ◽  
Julien Perrez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Germanic Languages

The article deals with the typological differences between the Romance language French and the Germanic languages German and Dutch for the linguistic expressions of posture and location. It describes how these typological differences can be problematic for French-speaking learners of German and Dutch. The main difference between both types of languages is that posture and location tend to be encoded by posture verbs in Germanic languages and by very general verbs in Romance languages (Talmy 2000). After a detailed description of the semantic networks of the German and Dutch posture verbs, the paper takes a critical look at how these expressions are dealt with in teaching manuals. It further presents strategies for the efficient teaching of posture verbs to foreign language learners. These strategies are among others awareness-raising exercises about the compulsory use of posture verbs in Germanic languages and the description of conceptual metaphors in different languages. These pedagogical avenues for the efficient teaching of the Dutch and German posture verbs constitute a first step towards the elaboration of an experimental set-up aiming at verifying them.

Artificially Ventilated Cavities: Evaluating the Constant-Pressure Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Fronzeo ◽  
Michael Kinzel ◽  
Jules Lindau
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Ventilated Cavity ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Circulatory Flow ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semi Empirical

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to study the fundamental aspects of the internal pressure within artificially ventilated, gaseous cavities in both twin- and toroidal-vortex closure modes. The results show that several pressure regions develop within the cavities, indicating that the common assumption that the cavity has a constant pressure breaks down when evaluated in high detail. The internal cavity pressure is evaluated using a probability density function (PDF). The resulting PDF plots show a clusters with multiple peaks. A mixture-of-Gaussians (MOG) method is employed to better understand the distributions of these peaks. These peaks are then mapped to the simulation results, where it is observed that these peaks correlate to distinct cavity regions (which vary depending on cavity type). Moreover, these varying pressure regions appear to align with cavity-radius growth and reduction and appear to be the driving force of the internal, circulatory flow. Lastly, the importance of these pressure regions are investigated with respect to predictions from semi-empirical theory of the cavity shape, showing a moderate impact depending on where the cavity is probed. Overall, these results provide physical insight into ventilated cavity flow behavior that is often ignored.

Localizing cross-linguistic variation in Tense systems: On telicity and stativity in Swedish and English

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-70
Author(s):  
Björn Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Temporal Interpretation ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

It is well known that the aktionsart/lexical aspect of a predicate influences the temporal interpretation and the aspectual marking of a sentence, and also that languages differ with respect to which aktionsart properties feed into the tense-aspect system (see e.g. Bohnemeyer & Swift 2004). In this paper, I try to pin down the exact locus of variation between languages where the stative–dynamic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. English, Saamáka) and languages where the telic–atelic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. Swedish, Chinese and Russian). The focus will be on the differences between English and Swedish, and I will argue that these two languages crucially differ in the nature of Assertion Time (or Topic/Reference Time, Klein 1994, Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria 2000): whereas the assertion time in English is always punctual in imperfective contexts, assertion time in Swedish can extend to include minimal stages of events. The Assertion Time is introduced by a (viewpoint) aspect head that is present in both languages, but not phonologically realized. The difference can thus not be ascribed to the presence or absence of overt tense, aspect or verb morphology, or to a special tense value, as argued in one way or other by, for example, Giorgi & Pianesi (1997), Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2000) and Ramchand (2012). Once this factor (i.e. the nature of Assertion Time) has been isolated, it becomes evident that all verbs in English and Swedish, regardless of telicity or dynamicity, can be assigned either a perfective or an imperfective value. Moreover, I will argue that the English progressive–non-progressive (or ‘simple’) distinction is independent of viewpoint aspect (i.e. the perfective– imperfective distinction) made in, for example, the Romance languages.

Recognition of jet engines via sparse decomposition of ISAR images using a waveguide scattering model

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wagner ◽  
Joachim Ender
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Signal Model ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Sparse Decomposition ◽  
Imaging Radar ◽  
Scattering Centers ◽  
The Common

Air target recognition is a critical step in the radar processing chain and reliable features are necessary to make a decision. The number and position of jet engines are useful features to perform a pre-classification and give a list of possible targets. To extract these features, a sparse decomposition framework for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. With this framework different components of the target can be detected, if signal models for these parts are available. To use it for the detection of jet engines, a review of a signal model for air intakes, which was developed by Borden, is given. This model is based on the common assumption that the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside jet engines has the same dispersive behavior as inside waveguides. With this model a decomposition of a real ISAR image, measured with the tracking and imaging radar system of Fraunhofer FHR, into point-like scattering centers and jet engines is presented.

scholarly journals Apical length governs computational diversity of L5 pyramidal neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro R. Galloni ◽  
Aeron Laffere ◽  
Ede Rancz
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Apical Dendrite ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Dendritic Excitability ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
The Common ◽  
Channel Dependent ◽  
Apical Dendrites ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAnatomical similarity across the neocortex has led to the common assumption that the circuitry is modular and performs stereotyped computations. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) in particular are thought to be central to cortical computation because of their extensive arborisation and nonlinear dendritic operations. Here, we demonstrate that computations associated with dendritic Ca2+ plateaus in L5PNs vary substantially between the primary and secondary visual cortices. L5PNs in the secondary visual cortex show reduced dendritic excitability and smaller propensity for burst firing. This reduced excitability is correlated with shorter apical dendrites. Using numerical modelling, we uncover a universal principle underlying the influence of apical length on dendritic backpropagation and excitability, based on a Na+ channel-dependent broadening of backpropagating action potentials. In summary, we provide new insights into the modulation of dendritic excitability by apical dendrite length and show that the operational repertoire of L5 neurons is not universal throughout the brain.

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