Reply to Johannesson & Johannesson

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
J. Grahame ◽  
P. J. Mill ◽  
M. Double ◽  
S. L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Reproductive Barrier ◽  
Diversifying Selection ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

Johannesson & Johannesson (1993) contend that we have misread their earlier paper (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990). They write that it is only possible to use neutral loci to study genetic relationships in closely related taxa (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1993) and that, there-fore, they had dismissed the variation in Aat-1 when considering the taxonomic status of Littorina neglecta (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1993). However, in their earlier paper they write: & ldquo;This [the pattern of variation in Aat-1] indicates that the within-site differentiation at Aat-1 is caused by diversifying selection in the two different micro-habitats rather than to a reproductive barrier between neglecta and saxatilis type snails” (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990, p. 94). Therefore, after dealing separately with the pattern of variation at four loci which are ‘presumably neutral’ (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990, p. 96), the Aat-1 variation is considered by these authors in the context of a putative reproductive barrier. The argument is repeated at the beginning of the discussion in Johannesson & Johannesson (1990, p. 95).

scholarly journals A new genus of vespertilionid bat: the end of a long journey for Joffre’s Pipistrelle (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Görföl ◽  
Sergei V Kruskop ◽  
Vuong Tan Tu ◽  
Péter Estók ◽  
Nguyen Truong Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
North Vietnam

Abstract Knowledge as to the taxonomic status of enigmatic bat species often is hindered by limited availability of specimens. This is particularly true for aerial-hawking bats that are difficult to catch. One such species, “Hypsugo” joffrei, was originally described in Nyctalus due to its long and slender wings, but subsequently transferred to Pipistrellus, and most recently to Hypsugo, on the basis of morphology. Analysis of newly available material, which more than doubles the known specimens of this taxon, demonstrates that it is morphologically and genetically distinct from all other bat genera. We accordingly describe it as belonging to a new, monotypic genus. We provide a detailed description of its external and craniodental traits, measurements, and assessment of genetic relationships, including barcode sequences to facilitate its rapid identification in future. The new genus belongs to a group that includes the recently described Cassistrellus, as well as Tylonycteris, and its closest relative, Philetor. We also describe the echolocation calls emitted by members of the taxon in different situations, which may facilitate finding them in previously unsampled locations. Based on the new data, the species occurs from Nepal to North Vietnam and China, which suggests that it could be more widespread than previously thought.

Re-examination of the taxonomy of the Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis (Decapoda : Palaemonidae) species-complex: molecular evidence for a single species

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Murphy ◽  
John W. Short ◽  
Christopher M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
North West ◽  
North East

The freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium australiense is distributed throughout the majority of inland, north-west, north-east and eastern drainages. Owing to the large amount of morphological divergence, both between and within catchments, this species has proven to be taxonomically difficult and, until recently, consisted of three separate species, each with subsequent subspecies. This study uses nucleotide sequences from the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene region to investigate the genetic relationships between populations and confirm the taxonomic status of M. australiense. The results from sequencing an approximately 450-bp fragment from this gene region from M. australiense sampled from 12 locations across inland, eastern and northern Australia identified very little variation. The variation found between 16S M. australiense haplotypes is much less than that found between Macrobrachium species, indicating that it is in fact a single species. The results are concordant with a recent morphological revision of Australian species in which nominal taxa of the M. australiense complex were synonymised.

Species delimitation in Capparis spinosa group (Capparaceae) in Iran: Multivariate morphometric analysis and ISSR markers

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
MARYAM AHMADI ◽  
HOJJATOLLAH SAEIDI ◽  
MANSOUR MIRTADZADINI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Simple Sequence

Multivariate morphometric approach (using PCA mix and CDA) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR) were used to characterize the patterns of morphological and genetic relationships of Capparis spinosa group in Iran. The morphological data analyses revealed that this complex could be divided into three main groups. C. spinosa subsp. cartilaginea and C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. mucronifolia were reliably delineated by morphological data, but C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. parviflora, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. herbacea, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. aegyptia and their intermediate phenotypes were overlapped. The results of ISSR data were different from morphological analyses and var. parviflora exhibited a close genetic affinity to var. mucronifolia rather than the other varieties of sub. spinosa. The results of this study revealed that subsp. cartilaginea should be recognized at species level. In case of var. parviflora, we propose subspecies level for this variety. Further investigation is needed to reveal the taxonomic status of var. mucronifolia.

Molecular phylogenetic identification of the giant freshwater softshell turtle in the Hoan Kiem lake, Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-381
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Viet Thanh ◽  
Phan Ke Long ◽  
Nguyen Trung Minh ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tam
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Identification ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Softshell Turtle ◽  
Very High

To clarify the taxonomic status of the giant freshwater softshell turtle in the Hoan Kiem Lake (2016), we analyzed four genes COI, COII, Cytb and ND4. Genomic DNA was extracted from the nail tissue. The nucleotide sequences of the four genes were determined with 652bp, 621bp, 993bp and 731bp, respectively and used to analysis of genetic relationships, together with similar sequences published on GenBank belonging to Rafetus swinhoei, Rafetus eupharaticus and Polychelys cantorii. The analysis indicated very low levels of the K2P divergence were found in all the four genes between the turtle species at Hoan Kiem Lake and R. swinhoei (0-3.7%), while very high levels of divergence were observed between the turtle species at Hoan Kiem Lake and R. eupharaticus (8.6-12.8%), and P. cantorii (14.9-25.4%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the turtle species at Hoan Kiem Lake together with R. swinhoei to form a cluster with strong bootstrap value 100%. The results showed that the turtle species at Hoan Kiem Lake was R. swinhoei. 

Genetic Divergence Between South African Helcion Species and North-East Atlantic H. Pellucidum (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Weber ◽  
D.R. Gray ◽  
A.N. Hodgson ◽  
S.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to estimate the genetic divergence between three species of South African Helcion and the north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum (Patellidae). At a finer level the genetic relationships among South African Helcion were explored. Twenty-one loci were resolved for all the species. High values of expected heterozygosities (0·202–0·341) were found for the genus. Phenetic analysis (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with artihmetic averaging) and Distance Wagner Procedure) and cladistic parsimony methods (alleles as binary characters and loci as multistate unordered characters) agreed in showing the same topology for the tree which represents the genetic relationships among Helcion species. The north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum was the most divergent species showing high values of Nei's genetic distances (1·423–1·654) with its South African congeners. In the literature such values of genetic divergence have been associated with non-congeneric species. The degree of genetic divergence (0·351–0·615) found within the South African branch was characteristic for congeneric species. The results of this study supported the monophyletic condition of this branch, and showed H. pectunculus and H. pruinosus to be more closely related to each other than to H. dunkeri. Nevertheless, the monophyly of the genus Helcion is uncertain and therefore its taxonomic status was questioned. A possible independent origin for northern and southern hemisphere species of Helcion is considered.

Geographic variation in seedling morphology of Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Hu ◽  
Chonglu Zhong ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Qingbin Jiang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Different Parts

Seeds collected from 28 natural provenances and introduced populations of Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. equisetifolia L. from Oceania, Asia and Africa were used to study geographic variation in growth and morphology of nursery-grown seedlings. Ten characteristics related to growth and branching habit were measured for each seedling and the resultant data subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. In general, seedlings from Oceania grew more slowly, were more densely branched with fine and upright branching, and had fewer teeth per whorl than those from other areas. Cluster analysis effectively separated Oceania from Asian natural provenances, and revealed the probable original sources of introductions to different parts of Asia and Africa. Further investigation into the pattern of variation through molecular characterisation of genetic material from all major regions of distribution is warranted in order to better understand the genetic relationships and enhance more efficient utilisation of this important casuarina species.

A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4778 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
HARRY E PARNABY ◽  
ANJA DIVLJAN ◽  
GLENN HOYE
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Species Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cryptic Taxa ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

The taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 has remained uncertain since its synonymy with mainland Australian Gould’s Wattled Bat C. gouldii (Gray, 1841) in 1971. Although Chalinolobus neocaledonicus is now widely accepted as a valid species, this was based on a tentative taxonomic opinion published in 1995. We examined most of the original material used to justify synonymy with C. gouldii, which included the type series of C. gouldii venatoris, a small northern Australian form that superficially resembles C. neocaledonicus but is currently not generally recognised as a valid subspecies. We found consistent differences in key diagnostic external and cranial criteria that support species status for C. neocaledonicus. We also review the taxonomic status of venatoris. Contrary to previous assessments, our re-interpretation of the taxonomic literature supports subspecific recognition of venatoris. Nevertheless, we are unable to conclusively resolve the status of venatoris because a more complex pattern of variation than a simple latitudinal size cline is apparent in C. gouldii. We argue that recognition of venatoris as the northern subspecies of C. gouldii has merit, pending a comprehensive analysis of variation in mainland C. gouldii to test for the presence of cryptic taxa. 

Morphometric analysis of two sympatric species ofPerinereis(Annelida: Nereididae) from the Brazilian coast

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cyrino Leal Coutinho ◽  
Paulo Cesar Paiva ◽  
Cinthya Simone Gomes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

Species definition is not an easy task, when considering the more than 27 known species concepts. Among them, the morphospecies concept has been one of the most applied since it is based on the use of observable morphological features. Morphometry has been used to delimitate morphospecies or similar taxa complementing the morphological observations and contributing to clarify taxonomic problems. Specimens from the sympatric speciesPerinereis anderssoniandPerinereis ponteni,collected from the north-eastern to southern coast of Brazil and considered synonymous by some authors, were compared through morphometric analyses for the evaluation of their taxonomic status. Morphometric analysis indicates that notopodial cirri lengths in the median and posterior regions on the body clearly allowed differentiation between the two species. Our results indicate that the number and arrangement of paragnaths demonstrate a pattern of variation that effectively differs and could be used to discriminate these twoPerinereisspecies. This distinction was confirmed by the restricted among-population variability within each species, even when populations that are geographically very distant from each other were considered.

The hydroid research of American naturalist Samuel F. Clarke, 1851–1928

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE R. CALDER ◽  
LESTER D. STEPHENS
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Spotted Salamander ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
American Naturalist ◽  
American Schools ◽  
American Society

Samuel Fessenden Clarke was the leading specialist on hydroids (phylum Cnidaria) in North America over the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period he published taxonomic papers on hydroids from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the continent, from the Gulf of Mexico, and from the eastern Pacific off Central and South America. He also authored a section on hydrozoan biology for “The Riverside Natural History” series. Most of his papers on hydroids were published while he was in his twenties. Clarke described as new 61 nominal species, three nominal genera, and one nominal family, as well as two “varieties” of hydroids. A list of these, and their current taxonomic status, appears in the present work. Clarke consistently provided sound descriptions and locality data for all supposed new species, and drew accurate illustrations of most of them. His research on Hydrozoa, beyond alphataxonomy, was directed towards faunal distributions and the use of hydroid assemblages as biogeographic indicators. In addition to investigations on hydroids, Clarke carried out research on the developmental biology of amphibians and reptiles. His doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University was based on the embryology of the “Spotted Salamander” (=Yellow-spotted Salamander), and he published a major paper on the habits and embryology of the American Alligator. Most of Clarke's career was devoted to academic duties at Williams College, Massachusetts, where he was recognized as a dedicated and inspiring teacher. He served the American Society of Naturalists in various capacities, including a term as its president, was an influential trustee of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, and promoted the study of science in American schools.

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