Temporal, diel and spatial variability of decapod larvae from St Paul's Rocks, an equatorial oceanic island of Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Koettker ◽  
Andrea S. Freire ◽  
Paulo Y.G. Sumida
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Decapod Larvae

Temporal, spatial and diel variation in the distribution and abundance of organisms is an inherent property of ecological systems. The present study describes these variations and the composition of decapod larvae from the surface waters of St Paul's Rocks. The expeditions to the archipelago were carried out in April, August and November 2003, March 2004 and May 2005. Surface plankton samples were collected during the morning and dusk periods, inside the inlet and in increasing distances around the archipelago (~150, 700 and 1500 m). The identification resulted in 51 taxa. Seven species, six genera and larvae of the families Pandalidae and Portunidae were identified for the first time in the area. The mean larval density varied from zero to 150.2±69.6 individuals 100 m−3 in the waters surrounding the archipelago and from 1.7±3.0 to 12,827±15,073 individuals 100 m−3 inside the inlet. Significant differences on larval density were verified between months and period of the day, but not among the three sites around the archipelago. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that the decapod larvae community was divided into benthic and pelagic assemblages. Indicator species analysis (ISA) showed that six Brachyura taxa were good indicators for the inlet, while three sergestids were the main species from the waters around the archipelago. These results suggest that St Paul's Rocks can be divided into two habitats, based on larval composition, density and diversity values: the inlet and the waters surrounding the archipelago.

scholarly journals First evaluation of coral recruitment in Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Gildas G.B. Todinanahary ◽  
Nomeniarivelo Hasintantely ◽  
Igor Eeckhaut ◽  
Thierry Lavitra
Keyword(s):  
Larval Density ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

The distribution of larvae and recruitment of scleractinians in the southwest region of Madagascar were evaluated for the first time between October 2013 and September 2014 at 3 sites. The presence of coral larvae (planulae) was monitored through weekly sampling using a plankton net and the recruitment rate evaluated by monthly sampling of the newly settled corals (<1 year stage) on recruitment tiles and by a monitoring of the recruitment of juveniles (1< Juveniles < 2 years) using the quadrat method. Planulae were present in the plankton for 9 months during the survey. The recorded mean annual density of planula varied from 0.43 ± 0.41 larvae m-3 to 3.23 ± 5.72 larvae m-3 depending on site, with a peak in larval density towards the end of November and the beginning of December. The variability in the occurrence of planula is very high and implied that the density observed in the year does not present a significant difference between the sites (pKW=0.33). The average density of total recruits was 620.13 ± 621.30 recruits m-2, 40.28 ± 50.97 recruits m-2 and 36.34 ± 33.82 recruits m-2, respectively at the sites of Nosy Tafara, Grande Vasque and Rose Garden. Seasonal distribution of coral recruitment was different between the sites. The mean annual density of newly settled recruits (< 1 month stage) was significantly higher at Nosy Tafara with 94.91±101.08 recruits m-2 compared to Grande Vasque and Rose Garden with 18.75±34.32 recruits m-2 and 11.57±18.47 recruits m-2 (pKW<0.001), respectively. The highest density of newly settled recruits was observed between October to December. Higher density of recruits was also observed in March at Nosy Tafara and in May at all three sites. Results of juvenile monitoring showed high rates (> 10 juveniles m-2) compared to other regions and the threshold, but it revealed high mortality among recruits. Coral recruitment in the southwest region of Madagascar was found to be high and could result in increased resilience of the coral reef assemblages.

Admixture analysis and stocking impact assessment in brown trout (Salmo trutta), estimated with incomplete baseline data

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Hansen ◽  
Einar E Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Bekkevold ◽  
Karen-Lise D Mensberg
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Mean

Studies of genetic interactions between wild and domesticated fish are often hampered by unavailability of samples from wild populations prior to population admixture. We assessed the utility of a new Bayesian method, which can estimate individual admixture coefficients even with data missing from the populations contributing to admixture. We applied the method to analyse the genetic contribution of domesticated brown trout (Salmo trutta) in samples of anadromous trout from two stocked populations with no genetic data available before stocking. Further, we estimated population level admixture proportions by the mean of individual admixture coefficients. This method proved more informative than a multidimensional scaling analysis of individual-based genetic distances and assignment tests. The results showed almost complete absence of stocked, domesticated trout in samples of trout from the rivers. Consequently, stocking had little effect on improving fisheries. In one population, the genetic contribution by domesticated trout was small, whereas in the other population, some genetic impact was suggested. Admixture in this sample of anadromous trout despite absence of stocked domesticated trout could be because of introgression by domesticated trout adopting a resident life history.

Environmental driving forces determining the epipelagic decapod larval community distribution in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean)

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carbonell ◽  
Ana Carbonell ◽  
Ariadna Tor ◽  
Ana Carbonell ◽  
Ariadna Tor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Larval Distribution ◽  
Balearic Sea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Decapod Larvae ◽  
Neritic Species

The decapod larvae community inhabiting the Balearic Sea surface waters was studied from plankton surveys carried out in the spring and summer of 2004 and 2005 between 38°N 0.5°E and 42°N 6°E. A total of 84 taxa were identified, from seven taxonomic orders. The mean larval densities varied from 0.01-240 (±11.69) individuals 100 m−3in 2004 to 0.40-600 (±26.89) individuals 100 m−3in 2005. The analysis of larval spatial patterns in relation to the observed inter-annual environmental variability indicated that they were associated with the different hydrodynamic conditions. In 2004, mesoscale gyres, both anticyclonic and cyclonic, influenced the surface larval distribution by trapping and retaining larvae near the islands, and these larvae constituted an identifiable community different from a second one occupying the oceanic area, characterized by the presence of mesopelagic species larvae. In 2005, most of the area was occupied by resident surface Atlantic waters, which hindered the northern progression of fresher recent Atlantic waters. This environmental homogeneity resulted in a less contrasting scenario, and a unique community including larvae both of neritic and oceanic decapod species was found in most stations. The contrasting hydrographical situations studied in these years allowed to detect shift boundaries in the larval distribution of neritic species, indicating that the hydrographically more homogeneous years may lead to a higher dispersion of neritic decapod larvae.

RESULTS OF INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR CHALAZION TREATMENT

2011 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Viet Hien Vo ◽  
Thi Em Do
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Interventional Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The study use intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection proceduce for chalazion treatment.1. Objectives: To evaluate results of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment. 2. Method: This noncomparative prospective interventional trial included 72 chalazions of 61 patients. 3. Results: 61 patients (72 chalazions) with 19 males (31.1%) và 42 females (68.9%), the mean age was 24 ± 9,78 years. 31.1% patients was the first time chalazion and 68.9% patients was more than one times chalazion including 78.6% patients was recurrent at the first position and 21.4% patients occur at new position. 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions was treated before and 56 (77.8%) chalazions wasn’t done that. 72 chalazions with 49 chalazions (68.1%) are local in upper eyelid and 23 chalazions (31.9%) are local in lower eyelid. The mean of chalazion diameter is 6.99 ± 3.03mm. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is injected to treat 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions are injected through the route of skin and 56 (77.8%) chalazions are injected through the route of conjunctiva. After 2 weeks follow-up, the success rate was 93.1% and 6.9% failed. 4. Conclusion: intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment is really effective. Key words: chalazion, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide.

Synthesis of a silymarin-gold nanoparticle conjugate and analysis of its liver-protecting activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Staroverov ◽  
Sergey Kozlov ◽  
Alexander Fomin ◽  
Konstantib Gabalov ◽  
Alexey Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Liver Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
First Time

Background: The liver disease problem prompts investigators to search for new methods of liver treatment. Introduction: Silymarin (Sil) protects the liver by reducing the concentration of free radicals and the extent of damage to the cell membranes. A particularly interesting method to increase the bioavailability of Sil is to use synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as reagents. The study considered whether it was possible to use the silymarin-AuNP conjugate as a potential liver-protecting drug. Method: AuNPs were conjugated to Sil and examine the liver-protecting activity of the conjugate. Experimental hepatitis and hepatocyte cytolysis after carbon tetrachloride actionwere used as a model system, and the experiments were conducted on laboratory animals. Result: For the first time, silymarin was conjugated to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electron microscopy showed that the resultant preparations were monodisperse and that the mean conjugate diameter was 18–30 nm ± 0.5 nm (mean diameter of the native nanoparticles, 15 ± 0.5 nm). In experimental hepatitis in mice, conjugate administration interfered with glutathione depletion in hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride was conducive to an increase in energy metabolism, and stimulated the monocyte–macrophage function of the liver. The results were confirmed by the high respiratory activity of the hepatocytes in cell culture. Conclusion: We conclude that the silymarin-AuNP conjugate holds promise as a liver-protecting agent in acute liver disease caused by carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation to characterize simple versus multi scaling analysis of hydraulic conductivity at a mesoscale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Federico Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Samuele De Bartolo ◽  
Carmine Fallico ◽  
Ferdinando Frega ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rivera Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Porous Formation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe spatial variability of the aquifers' hydraulic properties can be satisfactorily described by means of scaling laws. The latter enable one to relate the small (typically laboratory) scale to the larger (typically formation/regional) ones, therefore leading de facto to an upscaling procedure. In the present study, we are concerned with the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity K into a strongly heterogeneous porous formation. A strategy, allowing one to identify correctly the single/multiple scaling of K, is applied for the first time to a large caisson, where the medium was packed. In particular, we show how to identify the various scaling ranges with special emphasis on the determination of the related cut-off limits. Finally, we illustrate how the heterogeneity enhances with the increasing scale of observation, by identifying the proper law accounting for the transition from the laboratory to the field scale. Results of the present study are of paramount utility for the proper design of pumping tests in formations where the degree of spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity does not allow regarding them as “weakly heterogeneous”, as well as for the study of dispersion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds for basic standardization of Turkish propolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Özkök ◽  
Merve Keskin ◽  
Aslı Elif Tanuğur Samancı ◽  
Elif Yorulmaz Önder ◽  
Çiğdem Takma
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the standard amount of antioxidant content and compounds of the propolis for the standardization of propolis. For this purpose, the total flavonoids, total phenolic, CUPRAC antioxidant capacity content and the diversity of phenolic and flavonoid components of these propolis samples were found by HPLC determined at the 23 propolis samples which were collected different regions of Turkey. Beside that, the similarities and differences of these 23 provinces to each other according to their antioxidant capacities were investigated by multidimensional scaling analysis. The total flavonoid content in the propolis samples were determined between 21.28 and 152.56 mg CE/g. The total phenolic content in the propolis samples was found between 34.53 mg and 259.4 mg GAE/g. CUPRAC antioxidant capacity of the propolis samples and antioxidant range was found from 95.35 to 710.43 mg TE/g. Also, 4 flavonoid [Quercetin (min.1.12–max.4.14 mg/g), Galangin (min.0.72–max.40.79 mg/g), Apigenin (min.1.07–max.17.35 mg/g), Pinocembrin (min.1.32–max.39.92 mg/g] and 6 phenolic acid [Caffeic acid (min.1.20–max.7.6 mg/g), p-Coumaric acid (min.1.26–max.4.47 mg/g), trans-Ferulic acid (min.1.28–max.4.92 mg/g), Protocatechuic acid (1.78 mg/g), trans-Cinnamic acid (min.1.05–max.3.83 mg/g), Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) (min.1.41–max.30.15 mg/g)] components were detected as mg/g, in different ratios in propolis samples collected from different regions. The feature of this study, so far, is to have the maximum number of samples representing the Turkish propolis, and so is thought to help to national and international propolis standard workings.

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