scholarly journals First evaluation of coral recruitment in Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Gildas G.B. Todinanahary ◽  
Nomeniarivelo Hasintantely ◽  
Igor Eeckhaut ◽  
Thierry Lavitra
Keyword(s):  
Larval Density ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

The distribution of larvae and recruitment of scleractinians in the southwest region of Madagascar were evaluated for the first time between October 2013 and September 2014 at 3 sites. The presence of coral larvae (planulae) was monitored through weekly sampling using a plankton net and the recruitment rate evaluated by monthly sampling of the newly settled corals (<1 year stage) on recruitment tiles and by a monitoring of the recruitment of juveniles (1< Juveniles < 2 years) using the quadrat method. Planulae were present in the plankton for 9 months during the survey. The recorded mean annual density of planula varied from 0.43 ± 0.41 larvae m-3 to 3.23 ± 5.72 larvae m-3 depending on site, with a peak in larval density towards the end of November and the beginning of December. The variability in the occurrence of planula is very high and implied that the density observed in the year does not present a significant difference between the sites (pKW=0.33). The average density of total recruits was 620.13 ± 621.30 recruits m-2, 40.28 ± 50.97 recruits m-2 and 36.34 ± 33.82 recruits m-2, respectively at the sites of Nosy Tafara, Grande Vasque and Rose Garden. Seasonal distribution of coral recruitment was different between the sites. The mean annual density of newly settled recruits (< 1 month stage) was significantly higher at Nosy Tafara with 94.91±101.08 recruits m-2 compared to Grande Vasque and Rose Garden with 18.75±34.32 recruits m-2 and 11.57±18.47 recruits m-2 (pKW<0.001), respectively. The highest density of newly settled recruits was observed between October to December. Higher density of recruits was also observed in March at Nosy Tafara and in May at all three sites. Results of juvenile monitoring showed high rates (> 10 juveniles m-2) compared to other regions and the threshold, but it revealed high mortality among recruits. Coral recruitment in the southwest region of Madagascar was found to be high and could result in increased resilience of the coral reef assemblages.

scholarly journals Coral Recruitment on Artificial Patch Reefs Deployed in The Marginal Reefs: Effect of Multilevel Substrate on Density of Coral Recruit

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Agus Sabdono ◽  
Eunike Dorothea Hutapea ◽  
Sugiyanto Sugiyanto ◽  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patch Reefs ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Marginal Reefs ◽  
Marginal Environment

A study of coral recruitment on Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) was performed in the marginal reef of Panjang Island, Central Java (Java Sea) to examine whether multilevel substrates of APR affect the density of coral recruits. Long-term and short-term observations were applied in yearly monitoring 2017-2019 and biweekly observations for 3 months in early 2019. Coral recruitment significantly varied among level substrates of APR (F(a,b) .05=3.08; p-value<0.05) and there was a significant difference at the beginning of the year (F(a,b) .05=5.52; p-value<0.05). The density of recruits on the substrates after 4 years post-deployment of APRs was 0.2 to 129.2 m-2 while the recruitment rate within short-term observations was 0.28-1.28 m-2 per month. The highest coral recruitment occurred at the middle to the top level of APR, while the lowest recruitment was found in the lowest level of APR. This is possibly due to high resuspension from the seabed. Oulastrea was dominant in both long- and short-term recruitment periods while Pocillopora was rare due to post-settlement mortality which trigger the overgrown coral-killing sponges. The results indicated that the adaptation of coral recruitment in the marginal environment is determined by the high recruitment of the small-colony coral species which possessed stress-tolerant for turbidity disturbance, such as Oulastrea crispata. This study suggested that the multilevel substrates, Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) are one of the reef rehabilitation methods which can be applied in the marginal environment enhancing coral recruitment.

Temporal, diel and spatial variability of decapod larvae from St Paul's Rocks, an equatorial oceanic island of Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Koettker ◽  
Andrea S. Freire ◽  
Paulo Y.G. Sumida
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Decapod Larvae

Temporal, spatial and diel variation in the distribution and abundance of organisms is an inherent property of ecological systems. The present study describes these variations and the composition of decapod larvae from the surface waters of St Paul's Rocks. The expeditions to the archipelago were carried out in April, August and November 2003, March 2004 and May 2005. Surface plankton samples were collected during the morning and dusk periods, inside the inlet and in increasing distances around the archipelago (~150, 700 and 1500 m). The identification resulted in 51 taxa. Seven species, six genera and larvae of the families Pandalidae and Portunidae were identified for the first time in the area. The mean larval density varied from zero to 150.2±69.6 individuals 100 m−3 in the waters surrounding the archipelago and from 1.7±3.0 to 12,827±15,073 individuals 100 m−3 inside the inlet. Significant differences on larval density were verified between months and period of the day, but not among the three sites around the archipelago. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that the decapod larvae community was divided into benthic and pelagic assemblages. Indicator species analysis (ISA) showed that six Brachyura taxa were good indicators for the inlet, while three sergestids were the main species from the waters around the archipelago. These results suggest that St Paul's Rocks can be divided into two habitats, based on larval composition, density and diversity values: the inlet and the waters surrounding the archipelago.

scholarly journals Orexitropic Signaling Proteins in Obese Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Saranac ◽  
Bojko Bjelakovic ◽  
Hristina Stamenkovic ◽  
Borislav Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Adipose tissue is not only the main organ for energy storage, but it also has endocrine properties, producing “adipokines” responsible for energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Leptin, produced by adipocytes, is the key hormone in appetite regulation and suppression of orexigenic, hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY). We wanted to establish and compare levels of leptin and NPY in different obesity types in childhood, and to investigate their correlations with auxological parameters. Twenty-one obese children (seven girls and 14 boys), divided into two groups, were compared with 14 controls. The mean age of the study group was 10.81 ± 3.69 years and the mean puberty stage was 2.21. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.80 kg/m2(range 23.30– 47.02) and the mean overweight 30.73 kg (range 8.00–74.00). The mean leptin level was higher in boys and in the group with central obesity, but was not significant. Leptin/NPY ratio and leptin/BMI ratio was also higher in the central obesity group and there was a more significant difference compared with controls. We found significant correlation of the leptin level with body mass (BM), body mass excess (BME), and BMI (p < 0.05). The mean leptin level in obese children was very high (36.39 ng/ml). Leptin and NPY levels showed inverse values in two different obesity types. Results are suggestive for leptin resistance rather than leptin deficiency in our group of obese children. Orexitropic signaling proteins correlated significantly with auxological parameters. Determination of the leptin and NPY concentrations provided evidence that obesity represents disease with neuroendocrine dysfunction and high leptin/NPY ratio, which could be a useful marker for central obesity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of Teucrium polium ointment on the episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e33-e33
Author(s):  
Atena Mohammady Rouzbahani ◽  
Mahrokh Dolatian ◽  
Tayebeh Jahedbozorgan ◽  
Faraz Mojab ◽  
Majid Tajik
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teucrium Polium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primiparous Women

Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgical incision at the vaginal opening performed in the second stage of labor during childbirth. The purpose of performing an episiotomy is to increase the size of the soft tissue of the pelvis floor and prevent damage to the perineum, facilitate delivery, and reduce the time during childbirth. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Teucriumpolium ointment on wound healing in primiparous women. Patients and Methods: This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 84 primiparous women referred to Mahdieh hospital in Tehran. Participants randomly received 2% T. polium ointment and placebo. The first time the ointment was started 24 hours after delivery and continued twice a day for 10 days. Wound healing rate was measured by redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation (REEDA) scale on days 1, 5, and 10 postpartum. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results were performed on 84 women, 43 people using T. polium ointment and 41 people using placebo ointment. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding obstetrics and demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. The mean scores of REEDA in the T. polium group in the first 12 hours, days 5 and 10 were significantly different from the placebo group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Wound healing following episiotomy can be accelerated due to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties of T. polium ointment. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian registry of clinical trial (#IRCT20100130003226N18; https://en.irct.ir/trial/40004, ethical code# IR.SBMU.RETECH.1398.055).

scholarly journals Subjects living in an onchocerciasis focus and treated 3-monthly with ivermectin develop fewer new onchocercal nodules than subjects treated annually

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Campillo ◽  
Cédric B. CHESNAIS ◽  
Sébastien D. Pion ◽  
Jacques Gardon ◽  
Joseph Kamgno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Little information is available on the effect of ivermectin on the third and fourth stage larvae of Onchocerca volvulus . To assess a possible prophylactic effect of ivermectin on this parasite, we compared the effects of different ivermectin regimens on the acquisition of onchocercal nodules. Methods We analyzed data from a controlled randomized clinical trial of ivermectin conducted in the Mbam valley (Cameroon) between 1994 and 1998 in a cohort of onchocerciasis infected individuals. The number of nodules that appeared between the start and the end of the clinical trial was analyzed, using ANOVA and multivariable Poisson regressions, between four treatment arms: 150 µg/kg annually, 800 µg/kg annually, 150 µg/kg 3-monthly, and 800 µg/kg annually. Results The mean number of nodules that appeared during the trial was reduced by 17.7% in subjects treated 3-monthly compared to those treated annually (regardless of the dose). Poisson regression model, adjusting on subject’s age and weight, initial number of nodules and intensity of O. volvulus infection in his village of residence, confirmed that the incidence of new nodules was reduced in 3-monthly treatment arms compared to annually treatment arms, and that the dosage of ivermectin does not seem to influence this effect. Besides, the number of newly acquired nodules was positively associated with the initial number of nodules. Analysis of disappearance of nodules did not show any significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusions Our result suggest, for the first time in humans, that ivermectin has a prophylactic effect on O. volvulus . Three-monthly treatment seems more effective than annual treatment to prevent the appearance of nodules.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of using stone cone, balloon dilator, stone basket, and entrapment device in ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for ureteric stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110610
Author(s):  
Kürşat Çeçen
Keyword(s):  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
First Time

Objective To evaluate the costs and stone-free rates of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (ULL) performed with and without auxiliary equipment and to compare first-time ULL with total treatment. Methods One hundred patients who underwent first-time ULL without the use of auxiliary equipment because its unavailability comprised the no-device ULL (ndULL) group. Additionally, 100 patients who underwent first-time ULL with the use of auxiliary equipment when necessary comprised the device ULL (dULL) group. Results In the ndULL and dULL groups, the stone-free rates after first-time ULL were 72% and 94% and the mean cost was US $1037 ± 15.10 and US $1452 ± 19.80 per case, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. The stone-free rates at the end of treatment were 98% and 99%, respectively, without a statistically significant difference. When secondary treatment costs were added to the first ULL costs after failed treatment, the mean total cost was US $1625 ± 12.60 in the ndULL group and US $1566 ± 11.01 in the dULL group without a statistically significant difference. Conclusions The stone-free rates and costs after first-time ULL were significantly different between the groups. However, after total treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

scholarly journals Assessment of Neopterin Serum Level for Monitoring Therapy of Patients with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokrollah Salmanzadeh ◽  
Razieh Mombeini ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Alavi ◽  
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. To date, the standard diagnostic method for TB is still the direct observation of Mycobacterium TB in a sputum smear or culture. Objectives: There is an urgent need for a method to detect the disease in a shorter time with acceptable sensitivity and specificity and help monitor the treatment. Methods: A panel of 34 adults newly diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary TB was followed during their treatment period of five months. Neopterin (NPT) serum levels were measured three times (before treatment and two and five months after treatment) using the Brahms ELItest Neopterin kit, and the results were analyzed using descriptive and graphical methods. Results: The mean NPT for the first time before treatment was 27.47 ± 20.7 nmol/L. NPT was measured two months after the anti-TB treatment, and the associated mean was 16.97 ± 14.14 nmol/L. At the end of the fifth month, the mean NPT concentration reached 11.3 ± 10.5 nmol/L. The mean serum NPT before treatment had a statistically significant difference with the mean NPT at the end of the second and fifth months of the treatment (P = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the national protocol for treating TB, a sputum smear is still necessary for patients’ follow-up. It seems that the serum NPT level should be measured to monitor response to treatment in patients that, for any reason are not able to give sputum in TB treatment follow-up.

A Maximal Rowing Ergometer Protocol to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kurt Jensen ◽  
Morten Frydkjær ◽  
Niels M.B. Jensen ◽  
Lucas M. Bannerholt ◽  
Søren Gam
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Purpose: To examine the relationship between the maximal power output (MPO) in an individualized 7 × 2-minute incremental (INCR) test, average power in a 2k (W2k) rowing ergometer test, and maximal oxygen uptake () and to develop a regression equation to predict . Methods: A total of 34 male club rowers (age 18–30 y) performed a 2k and an INCR test in a Concept2 rowing ergometer to determine and compare MPO, W2k, and . Results: No significant difference was found between measured during INCR or 2k test (P = .73). A very high correlation coefficient (r = .96) was found between MPO and and between W2k and (r = .93). Linear regression analyses were developed for predicting from MPO: (1)  (mL·min−1) = 11.49 × MPO + 810 and from W2k: (2)  = 10.96 × W2k + 1168. Cross-validation analyses were performed using an independent sample of 14 rowers. There was no difference between the mean predicted in the INCR test (4.41 L·min−1) or the 2k test (4.39 L·min−1) and the observed (4.40 L·min−1). Technical error of measurement was 3.1% and 3.6%, standard error of estimate was 0.136 and 0.157 mL·min−1, and validation coefficients (r) were .95 and .94 using Equation (1) and (2), respectively. Conclusion: A prediction model only including MPO or W2k explains 88% to 90% of the variability in and is suggested for practical use in male club rowers.

scholarly journals Correlation of Likert scores III–V with increasingly worse pathology in radical prostatectomy specimens significant only for men aged 0.15, with age <60 as good as PSAD <0.15 at discriminating lower risk in Likert III

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582199510
Author(s):  
Jonathan J Ord ◽  
Matthew Crockett ◽  
Jes Green ◽  
Lawrence TO Bell ◽  
Victoria Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Likert Score ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Objectives: This study aimed to compare Likert scores with radical prostatectomy specimens. Methods: This study examined 443 men with validated pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging results and used cross-tabulation and chi-square significance testing with National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk categories. Results: The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 10, and the mean age was 64 years. Comparing Likert III to Likert V and Likert IV to Likert V, both (each p=0.02) were significantly associated with higher prostate cancer risk groups, but Likert III versus Likert IV was not ( p=0.1). Within the subgroup PSA density (PSAD) <0.15 ( n=140), the correlation of Likert score and final pathological risk group was lost ( p=0.5), but it was not lost within the subgroup PSAD >0.15 ( n=281; p=0.045 III vs. IV only and p=0.055 overall). Within the subgroup age <60 ( n=104), the correlation of Likert score and final pathological risk group was significant ( p=0.006 for III vs. IV and p=0.04 overall), whereas within the subgroup age >60 ( n=339) this significant difference was lost ( p=0.34). Further subgroup analysis within Likert III ( n=86) found that men <60 ( n=22) had neither high-grade (G3 or G4 or G5) nor very high-risk disease. There were only two high-risk cases, both of which were G2T3a (2/22; 10%). In men with Likert III and PSAD <0.15 ( n=31), there were seven high-risk and two very high-risk cases (9/31; 25%). This difference was not significant ( p=0.31) Conclusion: With these two findings, we recommend that men <60 with Likert III can be counselled like men with Likert III and PSAD <0.15, that they are unlikely to have unfavourable or high-risk disease and that they may wish to avoid biopsy or treatment. Level of evidence: Level 1b.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Demirjian and Cameriere Methods in Estimating Age and Development of a Modified Cameriere Method

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeeme Namadchian ◽  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Maryam Ghasempour ◽  
Ehsan Moudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Background: In recent years, age estimation in forensic medicine has become so important. Teeth are used to estimate age as valuable indicators. Objectives: This study aimed to compare Cameriere and Demirjian methods in estimating chronological age (Age) in an Iranian population and to develop a modified Cameriere method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated a total of 486 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged 5 - 15 years adopted from two craniofacial radiology centers in Babol, northern Iran, in 2019. The dental age of subjects was assessed by Demirjian (DAge) and Cameriere (CAge) methods and compared with their chronological age. Also, a formula was designed based on the Cameriere method for our studied population, and the results of the original and modified Cameriere (MCAge) methods were compared. Results: The mean ± SD of Age (10.38 ± 2.30) had a significant difference with DAge (10.67 ± 2.33) and CAge (9.77 ± 2.01) (P < 0.001). The modified Cameriere formula was more accurate than Cameriere one, and MCAge was 10.38 ± 2.12, indicating no significant difference with Age (P = 0.993). Conclusions: According to our results, both Demirjian and Cameriere methods were not reliable for age estimation in the Iranian population. However, the modified Cameriere formula had a very high accuracy in estimating the age of the studied population.

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