The euryhaline crab Uca tangeri showed metabolic differences to sex and environmental salinity

This study constitutes a first attempt to investigate sex differences in osmoregulatory capacity and metabolic responses in relation to hyper- and hypo-osmoregulation in the intertidal euryhaline crab Uca tangeri. Adult male and female specimens from Cadiz Bay, Spain (36°23′–37′N 6°8′–15′W), were acclimated to three different environmental salinities (12, 33 and 55 psu) during 7 days, and several parameters were assessed in haemolymph (osmolality, glucose, amino acids, triglycerides and lactate) as well as in metabolic key organs (hepatopancreas, anterior and posterior gills: glycogen, free glucose, amino acids and triglycerides). Specimens from both sex exhibited high and similar hyper- and hypo-osmoregulatory capacities. However, metabolite levels were differentially affected upon acclimation to low and high salinity in several metabolic organs and haemolymph of male and females: (i) glycogen in gills, (ii) free glucose in gills and hepatopancreas, (iii) amino acids in hepatopancreas, (iv) triglycerides in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and posterior gills, and (v) lactate in haemolymph. The results suggest the occurrence of differential metabolic adjustments upon hyper- and hypo-osmoregulation related to sex in the intertidal euryhaline crab U. tangeri.

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Prepubertal gonadectomy reveals sex differences in approach-avoidance behavior in adult mice

10.1101/638916 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristen Delevich ◽

Christopher Hall ◽

Josiah R. Boivin ◽

David Piekarski ◽

Yuting Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Adult Male ◽

Gonadal Hormones ◽

Gonadal Hormone ◽

Opposite Pattern ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Puberty Onset ◽

Approach Avoidance ◽

Foraging Task

AbstractAdolescence is a developmental period that is associated with physical, cognitive, and affective maturation and a time when sex biases in multiple psychiatric diseases emerge. While puberty onset marks the initiation of adolescence, it is unclear whether the pubertal rise in gonadal hormones generates sex differences in approach-avoidance behaviors that may impact psychiatric vulnerability. To examine the influence of peripubertal gonadal hormone exposure on adult behavior, we removed the gonads or performed sham surgery in male and female mice just prior to puberty onset and assessed performance in an odor-guided foraging task and anxiety-related behaviors in adulthood. We observed no significant sex differences in foraging or anxiety-related behaviors between intact adult male and female mice but found significant differences between adult male and female mice that had been gonadectomized (GDX) prior to puberty. GDX males failed to acquire the odor-guided foraging task, showed reduced locomotion, and exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, while GDX females showed the opposite pattern of behavior. These data suggest that similar approach-avoidance phenotypes are achieved in male and female mice via different mechanisms mediated by the sex-specific hormonal milieus during pubertal maturation.

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TAMI-37. SEX DIFFERENCES IN REDOX STATE UNDERLIE GLUTAMINE DEPENDENCY IN MALE GLIOBLASTOMA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii221-ii221

Author(s):

Jasmin Sponagel ◽

Shanshan Zhang ◽

Jill Jones ◽

Prakash Chinnaiyan ◽

Joshua Rubin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Redox State ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Primary Brain Tumor ◽

Male And Female ◽

Amino Acid Requirements

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. GBM occurs more commonly in males but female patients survive significantly longer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical sex disparity could support novel treatment strategies to improve outcomes for GBM patients. In this regard, we found that male and female GBM patient tissues differ in their metabolite profiles and that male GBM exhibit a higher abundance of amino acid metabolites. We confirmed these findings in a murine model of GBM. Furthermore, we found that male GBM cells are more sensitive to amino acid deprivation. This male-specific dependency on amino acids is almost entirely driven by amino acids involved in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) mediates the conversion from glutamine to glutamate, a crucial component of glutathione. We found that male GBM cells are more sensitive to GLS1 inhibition with the clinical inhibitor CB-839. This correlated with significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male GBM. We further confirmed sex differences in redox state through pharmacological depletion of glutathione, which resulted in a significant increase in ROS and cell death in male GBM cells. Moreover, assays of glutathione oxidation demonstrated that male GBM cells exist in a chronically oxidized state. Finally, we found that mitochondrial structure and function, including TCA cycle flux, NADH levels, and antioxidant activity, differ between male and female GBM cells. Together, these data suggest that (1) male and female GBM differ in their amino acid requirements, (2) male GBM are more dependent on glutamine to regulate ROS levels, and (3) sex differences in mitochondrial physiology may result in ROS accumulation and increased susceptibility to drugs targeting the redox state in male GBM. Our data reveal novel metabolic targets for GBM and underline the importance of considering sex in metabolic targeting approaches.

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Amino Acid Composition in Fillets of Mirror Crossbreds Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758)

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200978020337 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hana Buchtová ◽

Zdeňka Svobodová ◽

Martin Kocour ◽

Josef Velíšek

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Pure Line ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mirror Carp ◽

Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The aim of the study was to determine the amino acid composition in fillet proteins of newly bred mirror carp lines. In the experiments, the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were used at the maternal position. These were crossed with male carp of other breeds (top crossing). They included the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for the production of a pure line, the Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. In view of the genetic specification of the carp groups monitored, numerous differences (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) in the composition of specific amino acids (EAA: Val, Leu, Lys, Arg, Met; NEAA: Asp, Glu, Tyr) and their total amounts (EAAsum, NEAAsum) were found between the scaly control (ROP × TAT) and the pure line M2. Higher amino acid values were found in control hybrids. Compositions of amino acids in fillet muscle tissue of experimental mirror carp (M2 × L15, M2 × DOR70) were practically identical. Compared to the controls (ROP × TAT), these carp groups contained less (P < 0.01) Leu, Lys, Arg and Glu. A composition of amino acids statistically comparable with the controls (ROP × TAT) was found only in the M2 × M72 hybrid with the exception of Glu, which was found in smaller quantities in this hybrid (P < 0.01). In terms of sex differences, the greatest amounts of amino acids were found in fillets of male ROP × TAT controls, the amino acid compositions in male and female mirror carp were practically the same. In this type of evaluation, i.e. regarding amino acid composition, the only carp comparable with the ROP × TAT control is the M2 × M72 hybrid.

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Familiarity accentuates gaze cuing in women but not men

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2006.0564 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Robert O Deaner ◽

Stephen V Shepherd ◽

Michael L Platt

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Information Processing ◽

Adult Male ◽

Neural Circuits ◽

Adaptive Significance ◽

Social Knowledge ◽

Gaze Direction ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Face ◽

Gaze Cuing

Gaze cuing, the tendency to shift attention in the direction other individuals are looking, is hypothesized to depend on a distinct neural module. One expectation of such a module is that information processing should be encapsulated within it. Here, we tested whether familiarity, a type of social knowledge, penetrates the neural circuits governing gaze cuing. Male and female subjects viewed the face of an adult male looking left or right and then pressed a keypad to indicate the location of a target appearing randomly left or right. Responses were faster for targets congruent with gaze direction. Moreover, gaze cuing was stronger in females than males. Contrary to the modularity hypothesis, familiarity enhanced gaze cuing, but only in females. Sex differences in the effects of familiarity on gaze cuing may reflect greater adaptive significance of social information for females than males.

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Differences in the concentration of free amino acids in the haemolymph of adult male and female Rhodnius prolixus

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0305-0491(75)90156-x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 427-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Michael Barrett ◽

William G. Friend

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Adult Male ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Rhodnius Prolixus ◽

Male And Female

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Ontogenesis of Aldehyde Pheromones in Two Synanthropic Bed Bug Species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11110759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 759

Author(s):

Mark Dery ◽

Kyle Arriola ◽

Chow-Yang Lee ◽

Dong-Hwan Choe

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Adult Male ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Aggregation Functions ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Volatile Aldehydes

Bed bugs produce volatile aldehydes that have alarm and aggregation functions. Using two synanthropic bed bug species, Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus (Fabricius), developmental changes were examined for (E)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal, the four most abundant aldehydes shared between the two species. Quantitative analyses of the aldehydes in the nymphal exuviae indicated that the aldehydes’ ratio remained similar throughout nymphal development. In general, (E)-2-octenal was most abundant, and (E)-2-hexenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal were least abundant. The fourth aldehyde, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, was present in intermediate quantities. The quantities and percent abundances of the aldehydes in nymphal exuviae and the adults were significantly different between C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. The ratio between (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal was determined in adult male and female bed bugs of each species. Adult C. hemipterus had a higher proportion of (E)-2-hexenal than C. lectularius, while no sex differences were found. This work provides the first systematic quantification of four aldehydes [(E)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal] for all five of the nymphal stages for both C. lectularius and C. hemipterus.

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