scholarly journals Alligation Alternate and the Composition of Medicines: Arithmetic and Medicine in Early Modern England

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvan Bregman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Practical Mathematics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mathematical Literature

Practical mathematics in the early modern period was applied to such fields as astronomy and navigation; cartography and surveying; engineering and military arts, including gunnery; and especially banking and mercantile trade. Those who have written about practical mathematics make no mention of medical applications in their surveys, although there were many cases where physicians set up as mathematical practitioners. This article examines medical applications found in practical mathematical literature up to the end of the seventeenth century in England.

The ‘Beame of Diuinity’: Animal suffering in the Early Thought of Robert Boyle

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Robert Boyle ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
Self Defence

It has long been recognized that unnecessary cruelty to animals was held to be morally wrong by many classical moralists and medieval scholastics, and was echoed repeatedly in the early-modern period, though not necessarily reflecting any particular concern for animals, but rather to indicate the supposed brutalizing effects on the human character. The prevalence of the more radical view that cruelty to animals was wrong regardless of human consequences has only been dealt with comparatively recently, in the pioneering work of Keith Thomas with regard to early-modern England. Thomas suggested that a remarkably constant and coherent argument underpinned the bulk of pamphleteering and preaching against animal cruelty in the period; man was entitled to domesticate animals and kill them for food and clothing but not to cause them unnecessary suffering. While wild animals could be killed for food or in self-defence, and game and vermin could be hunted, it was deemed wrong to kill only for pleasure. While this position could be found among Protestants of many different persuasions, the particular focus of successive campaigners changed over time. Preceding the Civil War the attack was concentrated on cock-fighting, bear-baiting and the ill-treatment of domestic animals; in the later seventeenth century it broadened out to include the caging of wild birds, brutal methods of slaughter, hare-hunting and vivisection.

The Matter of Song in Early Modern England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Central Case

Given the variety and richness of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English “songscape,” it might seem unsurprising to suggest that early modern song needs to be considered as sung. When a reader encounters a song in a sonnet sequence, a romance, and even a masque or a play, however, the tendency is to engage with it as poem rather than as musical performance. The Matter of Song in Early Modern England: Texts in and of the Air opens up the notion of song from a performance-based perspective and considers the implications of reading early modern song not simply as lyric text but as embodied and gendered musical practice. Animating the traces of song preserved in physiological and philosophical commentaries, singing handbooks, poetic treatises, and literary texts ranging from Mary Sidney Herbert’s Psalmes to John Milton’s Comus, the book confronts song’s ephemerality, its lexical and sonic capriciousness, and its airy substance. These features can resist critical analysis but were vital to song’s affective workings in the early modern period. The Matter of Song in Early Modern England demonstrates the need to attend much more closely to the musical dimensions of literary production and circulation in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. It also makes an important and timely contribution to our understanding of women’s engagement with song as writers and as performers. A companion recording of fourteen songs, featuring Larson (soprano) and Lucas Harris (lute), brings the project’s innovative methodology and central case studies to life.

scholarly journals Keywords of Identity, Race, and Human Mobility in Early Modern England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Das ◽  
João Vicente Melo ◽  
Lauren Working ◽  
Haig Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Selection Of

What did it mean to be a stranger in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England? How were other nations, cultures, and religions perceived? What happened when individuals moved between languages, countries, religions, and spaces? Keywords of Identity, Race, and Human Mobility analyses a selection of terms that were central to the conceptualisation of identity, race, migration, and transculturality in the early modern period. In many cases, the concepts and debates that they embody – or sometimes subsume – came to play crucial roles in the articulation of identity, rights, and power in subsequent periods. Together, the essays in this volume provide an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the development of these formative issues.

scholarly journals Violence as Identity: Christians and Muslims in Hungary in the Medieval and Early Modern Period

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nora Berend
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period

Wrote Miklós Zrínyi (Nikola Zrinski) in the mid seventeenth century about those who died fighting against the Ottomans. The poet, who himself was engaged in both politics and war, defined Hungarian identity as Christian and premised on warfare unto death against Muslims.

CIRCULATING MUSICAL KNOWLEDGE IN EARLY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY: MUSICA POETICA TREATISES OF JOHANN HERMANN SCHEIN AND MICHAEL ALTENBURG IN THE LIBRARY OF JOHANN CASPAR TROST

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 131-201
Author(s):  
Inga Mai Groote ◽  
Dietrich Hakelberg
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Book History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Musical Education ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Musica Poetica

Recent research on the library of Johann Caspar Trost the Elder, organist in Halberstadt, has led to the identification of a manuscript with two unknown treatises on musica poetica, one a lost treatise by Johann Hermann Schein and the other an unknown treatise by Michael Altenburg. Together they offer fresh insights into the learning and teaching of music in the early modern period. The books once owned by Trost also have close connections to his personal and professional life. This article situates the newly discovered manuscript in the framework of book history and Trost’s biography, and discusses the two treatises against the background of contemporary books of musical instruction (Calvisius, Lippius, or Finolt). The historical context of the manuscript, its theoretical sources and its origins all serve to contribute to and further the current understanding of musical education in early modern central Germany. An edition of the treatises is provided.

scholarly journals “Turkish” Textiles in South-Eastern and East-Central Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Evidence of Transylvanian Customs Accounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Mária Pakucs-Willcocks
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Serial Data

Abstract This paper analyzes data from customs accounts in Transylvania from the middle of the sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth on traffic in textiles and textile products from the Ottoman Empire. Cotton was known and commercialized in Transylvania from the fifteenth century; serial data will show that traffic in Ottoman cotton and silk textiles as well as in textile objects such as carpets grew considerably during the second half of the seventeenth century. Customs registers from that period also indicate that Poland and Hungary were destinations for Ottoman imports, but Transylvania was a consumer’s market for cotton textiles.

Looking for Regional Words in Late Seventeenth-Century England: Bishop White Kennett and his Glossary to Parochial Antiquities (1695)

Sederi ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Javier Ruano García
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
History Of

The analysis of regional dialects in the Early Modern period has commonly been disregarded in favour of an ample scholarly interest in the ‘authorised’ version of English which came to be eventually established as a standard. The history of regional ‘Englishes’ at this time still remains to a very great extent in oblivion, owing mainly to an apparent scarcity of sources which supply trustworthy data. Research in this field has been for the most part focused on phonological, orthographical and morphological traits by virtue of the rather more abundant information that dialect testimonies yield about them. Regional lexical diversity has, on the contrary, deserved no special attention as uncertainty arises with regard to what was provincially restricted and what was not. This paper endeavours to offer additional data to the gloomy lexical scene of Early Modern regional English. It is our aim to give a descriptive account of the dialect words collated by Bishop White Kennett’s glossary to Parochial Antiquities (1695). This underutilised specimen does actually widen the information furnished by other well known canonical word-lists and provides concrete geographical data that might help us contribute to complete the sketchy map of lexical provincialisms at the time.

The Accidents of the Soul

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Benedict S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Diagnostic Medicine ◽  
Over Time

“The Accidents of the Soul” asks which disciplines were seen to provide a knowledge of the passions in the early modern period, and how that map of the disciplines changed over time. It opens by noting the relatively minor position the passions held in a received philosophical “science of the soul,” itself divided between physics and metaphysics. As “accidents of the soul”—that is, contingent qualitative alterations in the soul—the passions lay at the margins of philosophical knowledge: they were seen as subject to too much particularity and contingency to belong to what one author called “certaine science.” They belonged instead to the “low” sciences, the practical sciences, fields that study human actions and that therefore were seen to produce a merely probable knowledge of particulars: fields like rhetoric, politics, poetics, ethics. The passions also belonged to medicine insofar as diagnostic medicine was understood as an art: in medicine, “accidents” are symptoms and the phrase “accidents of the soul” belongs to medical discourse insofar as it takes account of the particularities of the passions as part of a regimen of health. The chapter situates the seventeenth-century treatises on the passions in relation to various kinds of discourse on the passions all seen as promoting forms of probable knowledge on the model of medical diagnostics: physiology and “characterology,” most notably. It ends with a reading of Shakespeare’s Othello as a text that probes the limits—and the dangers—of this probable knowledge of the passions.

scholarly journals The International Ceramics Trade and Social Change in the Red River Delta in the Early Modern Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Ueda Shinya ◽  
Nishino Noriko
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Modern Period

Abstract Nishimura Masanari argued that the construction of enclosed-type levees caused the water level of the Red River to rise in seventeenth-century northern Vietnam, and he suggested that this phenomenon triggered social changes that brought about the establishment of Vietnamese “traditional society,” represented by the autonomous villages of the Red River Delta. Nishimura’s archaeological discussion of the transition from horseshoe-shaped levees to enclosed-type levees suggests new ways of studying socioeconomic change in early modern Vietnam. This article examines the utilization of the dry riverbed area of the Red River near Hanoi and tracks changes in the position of the levee near the neighboring villages of Bát Tràng and Kim Lan from the seventeenth century onward. The article shows that Nishimura’s argument concerning the levee network makes it possible to locate the establishment of early modern Vietnamese society in the “Age of Commerce.”

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