Gandhiji on the Central Vista: A Postcolonial Refiguring

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Control Space ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

Monuments, memorials and statues, so commonplace in squares and parks of late twentieth-century cities, have interesting histories and convey particular historiographies. In public arenas planned and maintained by state administrations, symbolic representations situated for the purpose of communicating messages to passersby, visitors, and residents often mark the state's attempt to control space, history and popular memory. By extension, changes in statuary or monumental architecture over time may reflect shifts in rulers and their representations of rule. As Hung (1991) demonstrates, the ‘war of monuments’ in Tiananmen Square reflected struggles for power and demands by those excluded from power for rights and access. The ‘statumania’ of post-revolutionary France personalized contests for power and representation (Agulhon 1985). On the other hand, monuments that remain fixed on landscapes can be variously interpreted over time, forming, as Young (1989:70) has noted, ‘a kind of screen across which the projected shadows of a world's preoccupations continue to flicker and dance.’

Diaspora Capitalism and the Homeland: Australian Chinese Networks into China

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-273
Author(s):  
Constance Lever-Tracy ◽  
David Ip
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores two new and related phenomena of the late twentieth century that will surely play a major role in shaping the world of the twenty-first: the economic development and opening up of China, and the emergence onto the world economic stage of diaspora Chinese businesses, producing a significant, identifiably Chinese current within global capitalism. Each of these has, we believe, been crucial and perhaps indispensable to the other.

The Book as Waste: Henry Mayhew and the Fall of Paper Recycling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Price
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter suggests that two phenomena that usually get explained in terms of the rise of electronic media in the late twentieth century—the dematerialization of the text and the disembodiment of the reader—have more to do with two much earlier developments. One is legal: the 1861 repeal of the taxes previously imposed on all paper except that used for printing bibles. The other is technological: the rise first of wood-pulp paper in the late nineteenth century and then of plastics in the twentieth. The chapter then looks at Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor (1861–62), the loose, baggy ethnography of the urban underclass that swelled out of a messy series of media. Mayhew's “cyclopaedia of the industry, the want, and the vice of the great Metropolis” so encyclopedically catalogs the uses to which used paper can be turned.

scholarly journals Linguistic Island as an Environment Favouring Sustainable Development of Regional Language Varieties (Focus on Scots)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Alexander Ye. Pavlenko ◽  
Galina V. Pavlenko ◽  
Olga A. Stroganova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Island Type ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The island type of a dialect of a regional language can be a favourable factor of development, which makes the dialect in question more «successful» than the other varieties of the same idiom spoken on the mainland. In the domain of Scots, Ullans (Ulster Scots) proved to be its most «successful» variety, which has enjoyed favourable conditions for development since the late twentieth century. The Shetland dialect, as a vital variety having important differential features and performing a symbolic function in the community, also has a significant potential for development if the situation favours it.

scholarly journals From Defoe to Coetzee’s Foe/Foe through Authorship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Andreia Irina Suciu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Culea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article investigates the concept of authorship in the works of two authors separated by three centuries, namely, Daniel Defoe and J. M. Coetzee, both concerned, in different ways, with aspects regarding the origin and originators of literary works or with the act of artistic creation in general. After a brief literature review, the article focuses on Coetzee’s contemporary revisitation of the question of authorship and leaps back and forth in time from Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) to Coetzee’s Foe (1986). The purpose is that of highlighting the multiple perspectives (and differences) regarding the subject of authorship, including such notions and aspects as: canonicity related to the act of writing and narrating, metafiction, self-reflexivity and intertextuality, silencing and voicing, doubling, bodily substance and the substance of a story, authenticity, (literary) representation and the truth, authoring, the author’s powers, the relation between author and character or between narrator and story, authorial self-consciousness, agency, or ambiguity. The findings presented in the article show that both works are seminal in their attempts to define and redefine the notion of authorship, one (Defoe) concerned with the first literary endeavours of establishing the roles of professional authorship in England, while the other (Coetzee), intervenes in existing literary discussions of the late twentieth century concerning the postmodern author and (the questioning of or liberation of the text from) his powers.

scholarly journals Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 10-27
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia Duarte ◽  
Yann Giraud
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Economists such as Alvin Roth and Esther Duflo have recently argued that economics in the late twentieth century has evolved from (social) science to engineering. On the other hand, historians such as Mary Morgan and Michel Armatte have argued that the transformation of economics into an engineering science has been a century-long development. Turning away from the “economics as engineering” analogy, our introduction suggests an alternative approach to account for the presumed transformation of economics into an engineering science. We encourage the development of a history of “economics and engineering,” which depicts how these two types of knowledge–and the communities who produce them–have interacted in various institutional and national contexts. Drawing on the contributions to this 2020 annual supplement of HOPE, we show how these narratives may help change the historiography of twentieth-century economics.

Serge Daney, Zapper

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Screen ◽  
Over Time

This chapter considers Serge Daney’s transition from a film critic schooled in New Wave cinephilia to a television critic fascinated with the possibilities of the small screen and status of cinema as an old medium. Daney challenges foundational film theory and introduces the language of belatedness, aging, and delay into his writing on the “adult art” of film. In the 1980s he chronicled the experience of watching cinema on television and engaged in a process of “archaeology” focused on absent or damaged images rather than the imaginary plenitude of the screen. Daney’s work at the threshold between media provides a key reference point for film studies in the late twentieth century because it questions both the modernist euphoria of theory produced decades before and the enthusiasm surrounding new media. Daney instead constructs a retrospective theory of film that reveals its diminution over time and the persistence of its utopian ambitions.

Competing for the Apocalypse

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Erica Baffelli ◽  
Ian Reader
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article examines how one Japanese new religion shifted its orientations and perspectives– notably in millennialist terms – in the late twentieth century, and suggests this may have been influenced by the rivalries and conflicts it had with another millennialist movement in Japan. By examining the rivalry between Aum Shinriky? and K?fuku no Kagaku, and by examining how the activities of each impacted on those of the other, we can see how religious groups do not formulate policies and teachings, or amend their perspective on the world, in isolation. We argue that while looking at the prevailing religious trends of any era can help us understand the specific teachings of individual groups, we should also pay attention to the interactions between groups. It also suggests that when we discuss categories and types of millennialism, we should be aware that movements can encapsulate more than one form of millennialism at any one time.

The Changing Images of Jihad Leaders: Shamil and Abd al-Qadir in Daghestani and Algerian Historical Writing

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This article studies the images of two famous jihad leaders of the nineteenth century, the Daghestani Shamil (d. 1871) and the Algerian Abd al-Qadir (d. 1883), in Daghestani/Russian and in Algerian historiography. A combined horizontal and vertical perspective is applied to compare the sequence of new historical interpretations in both countries over time. In particular, the article discusses (1) nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Arabic biographies compiled by persons related to the two jihad leaders; (2) mid-twentieth-century Marxist and nationalist interpretations in Algeria and Daghestan; and (3) late-twentieth-century Islamist and "post-Islamist" interpretations. As is shown, the historiographical discourse went along similar paths in the two countries. At crucial points in time, certain interpretations of the jihad leaders were established and monopolized, while others were repressed (later to be revived), in order to use the historical memory for changing political agendas. The time after 1991 especially saw the publication of several new competing interpretations e.g., of regional and national Islamist and of feminist character. As a result, the term jihad can take on completely different meanings.

‘Extraordinary breathing space’:1 afterlife vision and redemption in the work of John McGahern

John McGahern ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Clutterbuck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Breathing Space ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Given ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter explores John McGahern’s evolving map of the boundary and potentially shared territory between this world and the other world. An unstable yet consistent concept of an ideal realm of immutable fulfilment, which can only ever be tenuously perceived let alone claimed, underlies much of McGahern’s starkly sympathetic portraiture of unfulfilled or delimited lives in mid-to-late twentieth century Ireland. How this notional ideal realm overlaps with or else is foreclosed upon by formal and informal concepts of the afterlife is the focus of this chapter. The reading offered traces how the fear of death which the young McGahern diagnoses as a driving force in so many of his characters – a force with the potential to constrict or enrich their lives – gradually gives way in his later fiction to characters whose acceptance of death paradoxically returns them to the possibility of full and open embracement of this life. The idea of a liminal existence in which the given world and otherworlds freely intermingle while remaining sharply defined in their own terms / realms, is explored as a key to McGahern’s larger vision.

“Plethoras of witty verbiage” and “heathen Greek”

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Fitzmaurice
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
William Wycherley ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
Comic Drama ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This paper draws upon Horn’s reworking of Grice’s conversational maxims as Q- and R-principles in order to provide a rich pragmatic reading of British comic drama, from the London comedies of Ben Jonson, to the restoration comedy of William Wycherley to the late twentieth-century London comedy of Steven Berkoff. I demonstrate that short-circuited implicatures (SCIs) as well as conventional and conversational implicatures operate to illuminate comic meaning for readers, both knowledgeable and unfamiliar with the historical code and the cultural milieu in which these plays may be set. I conclude that two kinds of pragmatic work are involved in reading comic drama: conversational implicature is situation- rather than code-based, and depends upon our ability to construe pragmatic acts in the dramatic text. The other kind of pragmatic work involves the inference that the meanings intended are conventional and cannot be reconstructed or calculated from what is being said.

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