scholarly journals On the maximal connected algebraic subgroups of the Cremona group I

1982 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 213-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Cremona Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
General Method

This paper is a continuation of the two preceding papers [12], [13] where the classification of the de Jonquières type subgroups in the Cremona group of 3 variables is promised. However the classification of such subgroups is postponed until the article in preparation “On the maximal connected algebraic subgroups of the Cremona group II”. The purpose of this paper is to establish a general method to study algebraic subgroups in the Cremona group of n variables and to illustrate how it works and leads to the classification of Enriques (Theorem (2.25)) when applied to the 2 variable case. This method gives us also the classification of the maximal connected algebraic subgroups of the Cremona group of 3 variables.

ISOLATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRANUCLEAR MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-533
Author(s):  
H Bertrand ◽  
T H Pittenger
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Four extranuclear mutants, [exn-1], [exn-2],[exn-4], and [stp-C], were obtained from N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-treated conidia and mycelium of Neurospora crassa. The three exn mutants grow with a pronounced lag from conidia and ascospores and are female fertile, whereas [stp-C] has a stop-start growth phenotype and is female sterile. The mitochondria from all four mutants are deficient in cytochromes a+a  3 and b, but contain an excess of cytochrome c. On the basis of growth and fertility, nuclear suppressors and complementation in heteroplasmons, 16 of the extranuclear mutants now available in Neurospora can be divided into three groups. Group I consists of 8 female-fertile variants with both poky-like growth and cytochrome defects. Their slow growth is suppressed by the nuclear factor, f, but not by a second nuclear suppressor, su-1([mi-3]). They complement with group III mutants in mixed cytoplasmons. Group II is represented by a single variant, [mi-3]. It is phenotypically modified by the su-1([mi-3]) factor, but not by f. Its unique cytochrome spectrum shows a deficiency of cytochrome a, but c and b are present. It complements in heteroplasmons with group I and III mutants. Group III included 7 female-sterile variants with stopper growth phenotypes and the same cytochrome defects as group I. Group III mutants complement both with group I and II isolates, but they are unaffected by either f or su-1.

scholarly journals Cultural adaptation and the Clavien-Dindo surgical complications classification translated to Brazilian Portuguese.

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS FERNANDO MOREIRA ◽  
MARCELO CASTRO MARÇAL PESSÔA ◽  
DIEGO SACHET MATTANA ◽  
FERNANDO FERNANDES SCHMITZ ◽  
BERNARDO SILVEIRA VOLKWEIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Complications ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
P Value ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Group I ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: to generate a translated and validated version of the Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications (CDC) to Brazilian Portuguese (CDC-BR). Methods: the process of translation and adaptation followed the guideline of Beaton et al., 2000. We divided 76 participating surgeons, in different levels of experience, from the Department Surgery of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, into two groups: Group I applied the original version (CDC, n=36);r Group II used the modified version (CDC-BR, n=40). Each group classified 15 clinical cases of surgical complications. We compared performance between the groups (Mann-Whitney test) relating to the level of experience of the surgeon (Kruskal-Wallis test), considering p value <0.05 as significant. Results: the performance of the Group II (CDC-BR) was higher, with 85% accuracy, compared with 79% of Group I (CDC), p-value =0.012. The performance of the groups as for surgeons experience displayed p=0.171 for Group I, p=0.528 for Group II, and p=0.135 for overall performance. Conclusion: we produced a translated and validated version of the CDC for Brazilian Portuguese. The instrument will be a useful tool in the production of evidence on surgical outcomes.

HYPOGONADISM, GALACTORRHOEA AND HYPER-PROLACTINAEMIA: EVALUATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS RESERVE BEFORE AND UNDER BROMOCRIPTINE

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asfour ◽  
M. L'Hermite ◽  
M. Hedouin-Quincampoix ◽  
P. Fossati
Keyword(s):  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Radiological Abnormality ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Hypothalamic Level ◽  
Rule Out

ABSTRACT Twenty patients with hypogonadism (19 women with amenorrhoea and 1 man with impotence and infertility), galactorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia (range: 36 to 344 ng/ml) were studied. The radiological study of the sella turcica, including in all cases hypocycloidal tomograms, allowed classification of the patients into 3 groups: group I (n = 4) had a grossly enlarged sella turcica, group II (n = 12) had localized alterations indicating the probable existence of a prolactin-secreting microadenoma ("microdeformation") while group III patients presented no radiological abnormality. Before treatment, all the patients were submitted to a complete evaluation of the function of their anterior pituitary, including the LH and FSH responses to iv administration of Gn-RH. All the group I patients had low basal LH levels and a blunted response to Gn-RH. The basal LH and in response to Gn-RH were normal in most of the group II patients and in all of the group III patients. An exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH was observed in 6/12 patients with microdeformation (group II) but not in groups I and III patients. A low LH and a blunted LH response to Gn-RH is highly suggestive of the existence of a pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma in case of amenorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia patients; a normal response does not however rule out such a diagnosis. The reasons for an exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH in patients with suspected prolactin-secreting microadenoma remain to be investigated though this pattern can also occur in other cases of amenorrhoea. Hence the Gn-RH test might contribute to the assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of patients with hyper-prolactinaemia. Six patients treated for 4 months with bromocriptine (CB-154) were submitted to re-evaluation of their pituitary gonadotrophins reserve. All the women experienced restoration of menses with 39 days of treatment and the male patient regained potency. It was observed that bromocriptine treatment and subsequent normalized prolactin levels in the 4 group II women tested were associated with normalization of their previously exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH; LH responses were also diminished in these cases. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that hyper-prolactinaemia per se could interfere with the endogenous secretion of Gn-RH at the hypothalamic level. In one patient with grossly enlarged sella turcica and a previous lack of an LH and FSH response to Gn-RH, bromocriptine treatment restored a normal gonadotrophins response, confirming that, in this case, the alteration of this response was indeed due to a prolonged lack of endogenous Gn-RH secretion.

Clinico-Etiological Classification of Epilepsy in Children Presenting To Specialty Epilepsy Clinic at Tertiary Medical Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Group I ◽  
Etiological Spectrum ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To identify the clinical & etiological profile of children and the characteristics of seizures in them along with therapeutic responses. Methods: All patients who attended the Epilepsy Clinic & fulfilled the selection criteria were enrolled in study. This is a descriptive study of 12 months & involved analysis of records of the patients who came to specialty OPD. Three groups were formed accordingly - focal, generalized & unknown onset with further etiological sub-divisions -Genetic, Structural/Metabolic, Immune, Infectious & Unknown. Results: In all, 417 patients were studied. The distribution as per clinical presentation was- group I (generalized) 215(58.5%) - group II (focal) 154(36.9%), group III (unknown) 48(4.6%). The main etiologies were perinatal asphyxia (28.3%) NHBI (11.4%) in (structural-metabolic) sub group. In Genetic & Infectious, Channelopathies (10.5%) & Post Meningitis Sequelae (4.7%). 56.3% of the patient in group II were on more than 3 AEDs. 14.3% in group I were weaned of AEDs. 61.4% patients in group II were having neuro-developmental sequelae. EEG revealed abnormal activity in 30(6.2%) in group I & 31(19.3%) in group II. Maximum patient with refractory epilepsy were seen in group III. Conclusion: To have a good management of epilepsy we need to have multi-dimensional classification of epilepsy based on both clinical & etiological spectrum. Perinatal Asphyxia & NHBI are one of the most common yet avertible etiologies.

scholarly journals Critical analysis of diagnostic criteria (ICHD-3 beta) about migraine in childhood and adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Maria Ferreira Lima ◽  
Rodrigo Bazan ◽  
Luis Cuadrado Martin ◽  
Antônio Sérgio Martins ◽  
Gustavo José Luvizutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Group Ii

Objective The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the International Classification of Headache Disorders I (ICHD-I) diagnostic criteria for migraine in children and adolescents. Methods 150 pain diaries were analyzed during an initial consultation. The duration of migraine headache attacks were divided into 2 groups: Group I, for attacks lasting > 2 hours, and Group II, for attacks lasting < 2 hours.The two groups were statistically compared using Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). Results In this study, 51(34%) subjects were male and 99 (66%) were female, aged 7–15 years. Fisher’s exact test demonstrated that the ICHD-3 beta had a 58% sensitivity for Group I diagnoses and a 94% sensitivity for Group II diagnoses (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current ICHD-3 beta classification improves and advances migraine diagnosis in children and adolescents; however, more research is needed to identify additional characteristics of headache in this age group.

scholarly journals Towards a first classification of aerosol shrinkage events

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 25231-25267
Author(s):  
E. Alonso-Blanco ◽  
F. J. Gómez-Moreno ◽  
L. Núñez ◽  
M. Pujadas ◽  
M. Cusack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. This work presents for the first time a classification of shrinkage events based on the aerosol processes that precede them. To this end, 3.5 years of continuous measurements (from 2009 to 2012) of aerosol size distributions, obtained with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) at an urban background site in Southern Europe, have been interpreted. 48 shrinkage events were identified and analysed, all occurring during spring and summer when the atmospheric conditions are more favourable for their development. In this study the shrinkage events took place mostly towards the end of the day, and their occurrence could be associated to atmospheric dilution conditions and a reduction in photochemical activity. The shrinkage rate (SR) varied between −1.0 and −11.1 nm h−1 (average value of −4.7 ± 2.6 nm h−1). Changes in particle concentrations corresponding to the nucleation and Aitken modes were detected, whereby an increase in the number of particles in the nucleation mode often coincided with a reduction in the Aitken mode. The accumulation mode did not undergo significant changes during these processes. In addition, in some cases, a dilution of the total particle number concentration in the ambient air was observed. Following the proposed methodology, three groups of events have been identified: Group I (NPF + shrinkage), Group II (aerosol growth process + shrinkage) and Group III (pure shrinkage events). The largest number of shrinkage events has been observed in the absence of prior processes, i.e. pure shrinkage events, followed by Group I events and finally Group II events. Although this analysis has confirmed that the triggering of shrinkage events is clearly linked to the atmospheric situation and the characteristics of the measurement area, this classification may contribute to a better understanding of the processes involved and the features that characterize shrinkage events.

scholarly journals Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Adjusting the Classification of Chinese-TIRADS 4 Nodules

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hong Cheng ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Zhuo ◽  
Xin Rong ◽  
Ting-Yue Qi ◽  
Hong-Guang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives. To explore the value of applying contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in adjusting the classification of category 4 nodules in the Chinese-Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (C-TIRADS). Methods. The data of preoperative conventional ultrasound and CEUS examinations of 125 C-TIRADS 4 nodules in 109 patients were retrospectively analyzed. We divided the thyroid nodules into two groups based on whether recommend by the guide fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Group I included C-TIRADS 4A nodules with a maximum diameter ≤15 mm and C-TIRADS 4B and 4C nodules with a maximum diameter ≤10 mm, and Group II included C-TIRADS 4A nodules with a maximum diameter >15 mm and C-TIRADS 4B and 4C nodules with a maximum diameter >10 mm. In CEUS, thyroid nodules showing suspicious malignant features such as hypoenhancement or early washout were adjusted to a level higher in the C-TIRADS classification; thyroid nodules showing possible benign features such as iso- or hyperenhancement were adjusted to a level lower; and thyroid nodules showing no enhancement were adjusted to C-TIRADS 3. Taking the pathological results as the gold standard, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the C-TIRADS classification before and after the adjustment based on CEUS were plotted, and the diagnostic efficiency was compared. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of the C-TIRADS classification for the diagnosis of thyroid nodule malignancy before the adjustment based on the CEUS results were 83.6%, 63.8%, 74.4%, 72.7%, and 77.1%, respectively, and these values were 91.0%, 82.8%, 87.2%, 85.9%, and 88.9%, respectively, after the adjustment. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.737 and 0.869, respectively, showing a significant difference (Z = 3.288, P = 0.001 ). The diagnostic efficiency of C-TIRADS classification after the adjustment based on the CEUS results in both groups was improved compared with the result before the adjustment, and the difference in Group II was significant (Z = 2.931, P = 0.003 ). Conclusions. CEUS significantly improved the diagnostic performance in the adjustment of C-TIRADS 4 nodule classification, especially for the nodules which needs FNA recommended by the C-TIRADS.

Representations of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group - II. Properties and classification of the representations

1973 ◽  
Vol 333 (1594) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Induced Representations ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Internal Symmetries

A proof is given that all (and not merely all connected ) little groups of the B. M. S. group are compact, so that B. M. S. spins are discrete whether or not the little groups are connected. The representations not already known (those with non-connected little groups) are all determined. It is shown that the unfaithful representations give rise to all induced representations of the factor group I introduced by Komar. Sach’s conjecture that the ‘mass squared’ is represented by a constant in B. M. S. representations is verified. Restriction of the representations to the Poincaré subgroup shows that Sach’s conjecture that the representations contain a mixture of Poincaré spins is also true in general (though, of course, the representations have a unique ‘Bondi spin’). It is suggested that the new quantum numbers arising from representations of the non-connected little groups may, perhaps, be associated with ‘internal’ symmetries of elementary particles.

Treatment of De Quervain’s Disease: Role of Conservative Management

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. LANE ◽  
R. S. BORETZ ◽  
S. A. STUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Information ◽  
De Quervain’S Disease ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment

This retrospective study compares two methods used to treat de Quervain’s disease: splintage with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroid injection. Patients were separated into three groups based on symptom severity: group I-minimal, group II-mild, and group III-moderate or severe. Three hundred and nineteen wrists in 300 patients were followed from one to six years. Fifteen of 17 patients with minimal symptoms were relieved with splintage and NSAIDs. However, only seven of 20 in Group II and two of eight in Group III treated similarly were relieved. Of the 249 patients in Group III treated with injections, 76% were completely relieved, 7% were improved, and 4% were not improved. We conclude that classification of patients’ with de Quervain’s disease based on their pre-treatment symptoms may assist surgeons in selecting the most efficacious treatment and in providing prognostic information to their patients.

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