Are corridors good for tigers Panthera tigris but bad for people? An assessment of the Khata corridor in lowland Nepal

AbstractAs part of a landscape-scale programme for conserving tigers Panthera tigris the Khata corridor was established between Bardia National Park in Nepal and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India in early 2000. We examined its functionality by comparing the status of tigers and prey in the corridor and in the adjacent National Park, using camera trapping, transect sampling and diet analysis of scats. Tiger movement was inferred from the photographs, and tiger–human conflict was assessed by means of questionnaires and interviews. The corridor harboured transient individuals as well as resident, breeding tigers. Tigers with core areas in the corridor were also recorded in the two protected areas, and vice versa. Wild prey was 3–4 times more abundant in the area of the National Park bordering the corridor than in the corridor itself, and domestic livestock constituted 12–15% of the tigers’ food in the corridor. Livestock losses and human fatalities or injuries were relatively low compared to within the buffer zones of the National Parks. Despite such problems and restrictions on grazing and extraction of natural resources, local residents were generally positive towards tigers and the corridor. The successful establishment of the corridor and the positive attitudes of local people were attributable to community development programmes initiated to compensate for the imposed restrictions, financed by the government and national and international organizations. By linking Bardia National Park and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary via the Khata corridor, a protected tiger landscape of c. 3,000 km2 was established in west-central Nepal and northern India.

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Five new species of the genus Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from the Phetchabun Mountains, Thailand

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3613 (5) ◽

pp. 445-454

Author(s):

KITIYA THAWARORIT ◽

NARUMON SANGPRADUB ◽

JOHN C. MORSE

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

National Parks ◽

Endemic Species ◽

National Park ◽

High Density ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary

Five new species of the genus Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from the Phetchabun Mountains, Thai-land, are described and illustrated. The national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in the Phetchabun Mountains are recognized as areas with a high density of endemic species deserving protection. Four new species of Cheumatopsyche (C. recta, C. diversa, C. triangula, and C. tongto) have been found in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Phu Kradueng National Park and Thung Salaeng Luang National Park; a fifth new species (C. cava) has been found in Phu Kradueng National Park. De-scribing hydropsychid species is important not only to study diversity and distribution but also to facilitate eventual de-scriptions of larvae for use in freshwater biomonitoring programs to detect pollution.

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Property rights in protected areas: obstacles to community involvement as a solution in Thailand

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s037689290003887x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Peter Vandergeest

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Parks ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Community Forest ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Rural People ◽

Community Property ◽

Forest Tenure ◽

The Government

SummaryConflicts between local people and managers of protected areas (PAs) have often undermined conservation goals in Asia. Since the 1970s, conservation planners have tried to address these problems by incorporating rural development into PA planning. More recently, many conservationists have argued for increasing community involvement in PA management, and for allowing traditional resource uses inside PAs. Based on research in Thailand I make three arguments regarding obstacles to implementing the new approach.In Thailand, laws governing Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks enacted in the early 1960s were premised on the idea that human use and nature preservation were incompatible. Rapid expansion of these PAs in recent years has produced endemic conflict with rural people claiming resources inside PAs. To address this problem, the Thai Royal Forestry Department has cooperated with NGOs providing development assistance to rural people living in buffer zones outside of some PAs. I argue that this approach has met limited success because the main source of conflict is not poverty but claims on resources inside PAs.The second argument is that the Forestry Department has resisted changes to laws making local use inside PAs illegal because these laws are important for consolidating the Department's control over territory and in justifying increasing budgetary allocations. In addition, by redefining itself as an organization devoted to strict defence of forests, the Department has obtained the support of many urban environmentalists. The third argument is that the community forest approach taken by a recent draft Community Forest Bill is an important first step in that it implicitly recognizes community property. At the same time, this approach will also fail to address key problems because it is based on a notion of the traditional village, and does not allow for the commercial nature of rural forest use or the household-based nature of forest tenure.I suggest that the new expansion of PAs be halted, that land claimed by rural households be taken out of PAs, and that the government recognize community management rights in areas that remain classified as protected. More generally, the goals of conservation would be better achieved by replacing an approach based on the rapid expansion of PAs with one promoting conservation outside PAs.

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Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru

Acta Botanica Malacitana ◽

10.24310/abm.v42i1.3004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Olivia Schilling ◽

Adrian Tejedor Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Vegetation Succession ◽

Stem Density ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Tree Ferns ◽

Manu National Park

Habitat management and restoration in buffer zones of national parks is critical for maintaining ecosystem services and biological connectivity in and around the parks’ core protected areas. Vegetation succession in abandoned plantations in buffer zones may take different paths that reach climax ecosystems in more or less time depending on the conditions of initial succession, thus enhancing or hindering biological connectivity and ecosystem services. This study documents the dominance of tree ferns in the initial stages of vegetation succession on abandoned pineapple plantations on the Andean foothills around Manu National Park, Peru, and discusses the role it may have on ecosystem restoration. Four years after abandonment, tree fern gametophytes grow under the shade of pineapple plants and melastomes. After 6-10 years of succession, the vegetation is dominated by a tree fern community composed of at least eight species, of which the most common are by far Cyathea delgadii and Cyathea microdonta. Cyathea microdonta functions as a short-lived pioneer, reaching its peak of live stem density in 6 to10 years and dying off in older plots. Cyathea delgadii, on the other hand, continues to grow and persists beyond 10 years of succession. Areas adjacent to abandoned pineapple fields have few tree ferns and higher tree species diversity, suggesting that pineapple agriculture and the resulting tree fern community may be a longer pathway to reach climax vegetation stages than other types of plantation.

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Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru

Acta Botanica Malacitana ◽

10.24310/actabotanicaabmabm.v42i0.3004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olivia Schilling ◽

Adrian Tejedor Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Vegetation Succession ◽

Stem Density ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Tree Ferns ◽

Manu National Park

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Assessment of Local Adaptive Capacity of Mountain Farmers: A Way Forward for Sustainable Livelihood Development

Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development ◽

10.1177/10185291211069753 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 101852912110697

Author(s):

Rommila Chandra ◽

V. P. Uniyal

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Capacity ◽

National Park ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Household Level ◽

Adaptive Capacity Index ◽

The Government ◽

Ecological Landscape ◽

The Village ◽

Economic Capacity

This study aims to understand the perception of mountain farmers towards the local adaptive capacity at a household level in an agro-ecological landscape. An indicator-based assessment is conducted to examine the 6 determinants and 27 indicators to give a local adaptive capacity index of the villages around Govind Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, located in the Indian Himalayan region. The findings indicate that, though the connected and isolated villages have a low and very low adaptive capacity, respectively, the effect of various determinants on the local people varies among the village settlements, based on their socio-economic capacity. Despite the government endeavours to build the livelihood of mountain farmers through different programmes and policies, it still lacks proactive decision-making. The study suggests for an integrated assessment and sustainable enhancement of the landscape as a whole, with a focus on community-level adaptation strategies. It draws attention to the need for enhanced collaboration between research institutions, government and private sectors with the mountain community in the centre.

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National Parks in Colombia

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605300010711 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 441-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Don Hunsaker

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Peace Corps ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Hunting Regulations ◽

National Park System ◽

Vast Range

Colombia has one of the largest bird faunas in the world – over 1550 species, over 300 mammals, including the endangered spectacled bear and mountain tapir, 350 reptiles and over 1000 fish, and a vast range of habitats, from the tropical rain forest of the Pacific coast and lowland swamps to the spectacular peaks of the high Andes, 20,000 feet and more. In recent years Colombia has set aside over 3½ million acres for national parks and reserves, which are described here by Dr Hunsaker, Conservation Co-ordinator with INDERENA (the Government department concerned) for the Peace-Corps-Smithsonian Program in Bogotá. Colombia's conservation efforts began in 1919 with the passing of the first laws protecting the fauna and flora. In 1941 the Government introduced hunting regulations, and in 1948 the first biological reserve, La Macarena, was set aside. A law passed in 1954 made the condor the first fully protected species. Since then government, universities and interested people have worked to coordinate, in so far as possible, the national park system, the wildlife service and university projects to protect wilderness and wildlife in this extremely critical region of South America.

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Dehumanisation Of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community In Setting The Boundary Of Ulayat Rights

Al-'Adl ◽

10.31332/aladl.v14i2.2932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Andi Yaqub ◽

Ashadi L. Diab ◽

Andi Novita Mudriani Djaoe ◽

Riadin Riadin ◽

Iswandi Iswandi

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

National Parks ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

National Park ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Indigenous Community ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Customary Rights ◽

The Government

The determination of the area of customary rights of indigenous peoples is a form of protection for indigenous peoples, a step to overcome vertical conflicts between the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people and conservation or national park managers. This study aims to capture the extent to which the position and existence of Perda no. 4 of 2015 on the recognition of the customary rights of the moronene indigenous people of Hukaea Laea. This type of research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach, the research location is in Watu-Watu Village, Lantari Jaya District and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Bombana Regency and the data collection of this study is through direct interviews and deductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of this study, the forms of dehumanization of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people include: (1) In 1997 the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people experienced intimidation by the universe broom group such as burning houses and land and in 2002 repeated home destruction and eviction ulayat areas by the government because the Moronene indigenous people are in conservation areas or national parks, the pretext of expulsion and arrest of customary leaders and indigenous peoples of Moronene Hukaea Laea has based on a negative stigma that the existence of indigenous peoples is a group that destroys ecosystems and ecology. (2) In 2015 the stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2015 is not substantive because it only regulates the existence of indigenous peoples, not the absolute determination of territory by the Hukaea Laea indigenous people. This is indicated by the policy of the Minister of Forestry which concluded that based on the total population of the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Peoples, only 6,000 hectares could be controlled. Based on this policy, the local government shows inconsistency towards the indigenous Moronene Hukaea Laea after placing its position as a mediator between the Minister of Forestry, conservation area managers, and the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Effect on Marine National Parks in Thailand

Tourism in Marine Environments ◽

10.3727/154427321x16370266800868 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Onanong Cheablam ◽

Utai Dachyosdee ◽

Sonthaya Purintarapiban

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Marine Debris ◽

Illegal Logging ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Aquatic Animals ◽

Budget Support ◽

Tourism Management ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment, including coral reefs, seagrasses, terrestrial/aquatic animals, waste/sewage, and the economy of 27 marine national parks and four marine national park operations centers. Structured interviews were employed in this study. The results from national park officers indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, natural resources, such as coral, seagrass, and terrestrial/aquatic animals, had recovered and become more productive since animals in the area were observed. In addition, the amount of waste in the area has decreased; however, some national parks still have problems with marine debris. In contrast, the economic findings indicated that the number of tourists, both Thai and foreign, has decreased, reducing the total national park revenue by THB 1,507,681,302 (USD 50,256,043). Our research shows that there is an important association between the reduction of tourists and environmental quality. In addition, a reduction in revenue may impact the environment through illegal logging and fishing. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, technology should be used for surveys in the national parks, regularly informing budget support from the government, and tourism management.

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The conservation and protection of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis in Zimbabwe

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v32i2.471 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.H. Tatham ◽

R.D. Taylor

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Kruger National Park ◽

The Other ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Intelligence Gathering ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Black Rhinoceros ◽

The Government ◽

Wild Life

Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 The demise of black rhinoceros populations in Africa is alarming and the overriding cause for the decline is illicit poaching for horn. In 1987 Zimbabwe hosted the largest contiguous population of 500 animals in the Zambezi Valley while the country's overall population is now estimated to be nearly 2 000 individuals. A strategy to conserve and protect the black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis in Zimbabwe requires four dimensions, each dependent directly or indirectly on the other, if success is to be achieved. It includes a positive reaction by the Department of National Parks and Wild Life Management, a national reaction by the government totally committed to the protection of the species, an international reaction requiring support for the stand that Zimbabwe is taking and, finally, a system of intelligence gathering which assists the different authorities in the overall conservation strategy which is being implemented.

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Assessing and preventing deforestation in Kayan Mentarang National Park, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 921 (1) ◽

pp. 012024

Author(s):

A K M Ginting Monthe ◽

R Padjung ◽

P Dale

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Specific Recommendation ◽

Landsat Images ◽

Deforestation Rate ◽

The Government

Abstract National parks in Indonesia are valuable assets for the next generations. The urgency to maintain and protect their existence from land degradation and deforestation is an obligation. Moreover, deforestation is the most severe threat to biodiversity. In Kalimantan, deforestation is happening and usually leads to economic loss and poverty. Despite this habitat loss, our ability to quantify deforestation in certain areas to improve mitigation measures, meet the needs of agricultural land, and increases local communities’ resilience and ensure that their customary rights. This study aims to provide models to assess the deforestation rate in Kayan Mentarang National Park and give recommendation action based on existing Land Use Zonation. To achieve this aim, firstly Landsat images was obtained and analysed to produce land use and land cover classification. However, cloud coverage in this area is more than 30% which is too difficult to classify the land cover area. This research use alternative resources from JAXA to generate deforestation map at study area. Then compile this map into map of Land Use Zonation of KMNP to provide specific location of deforestation occurrence. The result showed that deforestation rate at KMNP is low, around 3% and the Traditional Zone has the biggest amount of deforestation occurrence; 18.727 hectare. This finding would give information to the government of KMNP to accelerate empowerment program among indigenous people in term of utilizing their customary land in this zone. Moreover, this research suggest the best practical way to evaluate deforestation occurrence in KMNP area followed by specific recommendation of each land use zonation of KMNP.

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