scholarly journals Dehumanisation Of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community In Setting The Boundary Of Ulayat Rights

Al-'Adl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Andi Yaqub ◽  
Ashadi L. Diab ◽  
Andi Novita Mudriani Djaoe ◽  
Riadin Riadin ◽  
Iswandi Iswandi
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Park ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Government

The determination of the area of customary rights of indigenous peoples is a form of protection for indigenous peoples, a step to overcome vertical conflicts between the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people and conservation or national park managers. This study aims to capture the extent to which the position and existence of Perda no. 4 of 2015 on the recognition of the customary rights of the moronene indigenous people of Hukaea Laea. This type of research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach, the research location is in Watu-Watu Village, Lantari Jaya District and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Bombana Regency and the data collection of this study is through direct interviews and deductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of this study, the forms of dehumanization of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people include: (1) In 1997 the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people experienced intimidation by the universe broom group such as burning houses and land and in 2002 repeated home destruction and eviction ulayat areas by the government because the Moronene indigenous people are in conservation areas or national parks, the pretext of expulsion and arrest of customary leaders and indigenous peoples of Moronene Hukaea Laea has based on a negative stigma that the existence of indigenous peoples is a group that destroys ecosystems and ecology. (2) In 2015 the stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2015 is not substantive because it only regulates the existence of indigenous peoples, not the absolute determination of territory by the Hukaea Laea indigenous people. This is indicated by the policy of the Minister of Forestry which concluded that based on the total population of the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Peoples, only 6,000 hectares could be controlled. Based on this policy, the local government shows inconsistency towards the indigenous Moronene Hukaea Laea after placing its position as a mediator between the Minister of Forestry, conservation area managers, and the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT MODEL WITH BY IN MODEL PENGELOLAAN DENGAN PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT ADAT PADA KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA KABUPATEN BOMBANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Jabal Nur ◽  
Nur Intan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Park ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
Park Area

<p align="center"><strong>MANAGEMENT MODEL WITH BY IN</strong><strong> MODEL PENGELOLAAN DENGAN PELIBATAN  MASYARAKAT ADAT  PADA KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL</strong><strong> </strong><strong>RAWA AOPA KABUPATEN BOMBANA</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="left"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Jabalnur dan Nur Intan</span></p><p align="center">The School of Law, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia<strong></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="left"><strong> </strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa yang merupakab bagian wilayah masyarakat adat Moronene Hukaea Laea dan merumuskan model pengeloaan dengan pelibatan masyarakat adat sebagai pelestarian kearifan local pada kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa. Berdasar hasil penelitian tersebut dapat dijadikan indikator dan acuan dalam mengatasi permasalahan dalam pengelolaan kawasan taman nasional.</p><p>Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tipe penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris karena dianggap paling tepat untuk merumuskan model pengelolaan dengan pelibatan masyarakat adat pada kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa dengan mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang pengelolaan kawasan taman nasional serta menganalisis fenomena yang ada di lapangan sehingga akan diperoleh suatu strategi dalam pengelolaan taman nasional.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci : <em>Pengelolaan, Masyarakat Adat, Kawasan Taman Nasional</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>VOLVING INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE NATIONAL PARK AREAS OF RAWA AOPA</strong><strong> </strong><strong>BOMBANA DISTRICT</strong></p><p>                                                     <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Jabalnur and Nur Intan</span></p><p align="center">The School of Law, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia</p><p> </p><p>                                                                <em>Abstract</em></p><p><em>The purpose of this research is to identify Rawa Aopa National Park area which is part of indigenous community of Moronene Hukaea Laea and to formulate model of management by involving indigenous community as preservation of local wisdom in Rawa Aopa National Park area. Based on the results of the study, it can be used as indicators and references in overcoming problems in the management of the park area.</em></p><p><em>The method used in this research was the type of descriptive qualitative research with the empirical normative approach. Since it is considered most appropriate to formulate the management model with the involvement of indigenous peoples in the area of Rawa Aopa National Park with reference to legislation regulating the management of national park area and analyze the phenomenon that exist in the field, so that it will obtain a strategy in the management of national parks.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Management, Indigenous Peoples, National Park Area</em></p>

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Adat Tengger Mendapatkan Bagi Hasil Pendapatan Wisata Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Wahyu Krisnanto
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Original Owner ◽  
Priority Needs

The purpose of this research was to find out the contribution of Balai Besar Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TN-BTS) from the utilization of tourism in TN-BTS to the Tengger indigenous people as the original owner of the Bromo-Tengger Semeru area as well as to know the solutions that can be done by the Balai Besar TN-BTS to contribute in improving the welfare of Tengger indigenous people living in the national park. This research is qualitative research with an explanative approach, where the interviewed informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed with ethnographic analysis techniques. From the results of the research, it is known that Balai Besar TN-BTS has conducted a program of development and utilization of national parks for tourism object activities as well as community empowerment as a form of direct contribution to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous peoples. However, both development programs have not been able to answer the priority needs of Tengger indigenous peoples. The limitations of authority and main functions owned by Balai Besar TN-BTS become an obstacle for them to be able to contribute to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous peoples. As a strategic effort so that Balai Besar TN-BTS can contribute directly to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous people who live in the village within the National Park zone is to share the revenue of National park tourism activities. However, this strategic effort needs to be accompanied by a change in the status of Balai Besar which was originally the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the Minister of Environment and Forestry to the Public Service Agency (BLU).

scholarly journals Peraturan Hukum Adat Baduy dan Hierarki Menurut Undang Undang yang Berlaku

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Putri Azzahra Maghfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The Baduy tribe is located closest to the capital city of the country. This is special to describe, how Baduy maintains its customs and customary laws in the midst of the influence of technological advances and the development of positive Indonesian law which is especially due to its geographical location not far from the metropolitan city, namely Jakarta and its surroundings. Then the purpose of this study also wants to reveal how Baduy customary law regulations and hierarchy according to applicable laws. Baduy is an ethnic indigenous people who still live in Indonesia. The hierarchy or order of laws and regulations in Indonesia refers to the recognition and respect given by the state in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which is not sufficient to protect the rights of the Baduy customary law community plus the weakness of Perda No.32 of 2001 which discuss the customary rights of the Baduy customary community only. The clash of Baduy traditional interests with the government system has made Baduy weaker in terms of representation. The government must immediately draft a law related to the protection of Baduy customary rights and or create a representation mechanism for indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals Wewenang Kepala Adat dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bombana No. 4 Tahun 2015 dan Pengaruhnya bagi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moronene Hukaea Laea

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Sahrina Safiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Customary Rights

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui wewenang Kepala Adat dalam Pengelolaan hutan adat berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bombana No. 4 tahun 2015 tentang Pengakuan, Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moronene Hukaea Laea dan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya bagi masyarakat hukum adat Moronene Hukaea Laea. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pertama, Wewenang Kepala Adat berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bombana No. 4 tahun 2015 tentang Pengakuan, Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moronene Hukaea Laea diatur dalam Pasal 9 ayat (3) yang menyebutkan secara umum kewenangan dari lembaga adat.Wewenang pengelolaaan hutan adat tidak disebut secara spesifik tapi digeneralisir dalam wewenang mengelola hak-hak adat dan harta kekayaan adat. Wewenang Kepala adat dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat belum kuat dan penuh dikarenakan kewenangan pengelolaan hutan adat yang dimiliki oleh kepala adat hanya berlaku efektif ke dalam yaitu bagi Masyarakat Hukum adat Moronene. Kedua, Pengaruh wewenang Kepala adat dalam pengelolaan hutan adat berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bombana No. 4 tahun 2015 bagi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moronene Hukaea Laea sangat besar karena berpengaruh langsung terhadap keberadaan dan kelangsungan masyarakat hukum adat Moronene Hukaea Laea. Semakin kuat dan penuh kewenangan Kepala Adat berarti keberadaan dan kelangsungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moronene Hukaea Laea dirasakan semakin terjamin dan terlindungi. Namun wewenang kepala adat dalam hal ini kurang kuat dan penuh maka jaminan terhadap keberadaan dan kelangsungan masyarakat hukum adat Moronene Hukaea Laea juga lemah. This study aims to determine the authority of the Customary Chief in the management of customary forests based on the Regional Regulation of Bombana District No. 4 of 2015 concerning the Recognition, Protection and Empowerment of the Moronene Hukaea Laea Customary Law Community and to find out its effects on the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous peoples. The results showed that First, the authority of the Customary Head based on the Regional Regulation of Bombana District No. 4 of 2015 concerning Recognition, Protection and Empowerment of the Moronene Hukaea Laea Customary Law Community is regulated in Article 9 paragraph (3) which mentions the authority of customary institutions in general. The authority to manage customary forests is not specifically mentioned but generalized in the authority to manage customary rights and customary assets. The authority of the customary head in the management of customary forests is not yet strong and full because the authority to manage the customary forest owned by the customary head is only effective inward, namely for the Moronene customary law community. Second, the influence of the authority of the customary head in the management of customary forests based on the Regional Regulation of Bombana District No. 4 of 2015 for the Moronene Hukaea Laea Customary Law Community is very large because it has a direct influence on the existence and continuity of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous community. The stronger and full authority of the Customary Head means that the existence and continuity of the Moronene Hukaea Laea Customary Law Community is felt to be increasingly guaranteed and protected. However, the authority of the customary head in this case is less strong and full, so the guarantee for the existence and continuity of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people is also weak.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

scholarly journals Коренные народы Охотско-колымского края в годы Великой Отечественной войны

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
L. N. Khakhovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Collective Farming ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government

Based on archival sources, the author analyzes the situation of the indigenous peoples of the Okhotsk-Kolyma territory during the Great Patriotic War. The government continued to implement paternalistic social policies: the development of housing and social infrastructure in the areas where indigenous peoples live, improvement of medical care and education, and vocational training. It is shown that most indigenous peoples, involved with collective farming worked disciplinedly and responsibly in areas related to traditional nature management (reindeer herding, fishing, fur hunting). With their labor and personal donations, the indigenous people made a feasible contribution to the victory. The indigenous peoples also fought on the front and served in the rear troops.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA Management of Capture fisheries in the Area of Karimunjawa National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Yulia Santi ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
And Training

ABSTRAKPerikanan  tangkap  di  kawasan  Taman  Nasional  Karimunjawa  dikelola  oleh  lebih  dari  satu  instansipengelola.  Setiap  instansi  diduga  mempunyai  peran  masing-  masing  sesuai  tupoksinya.  Saat  ini  belum diketahui secara nyata instansi apa saja yang mengelola beserta perannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi instansi pengelola yang berperan dalam pengelolaan perikanan tangkap di kawasan TNKJ, persepsi,  aspirasi  dan  partisipasi  nelayan  terhadap  pengelolaan  perikanan  tangkap  serta  bagaimana  strategi pengelola  dalam  pengawasan  perikanan  tangkap.  Metode  penelitian  ini  adalah  studi  kasus  dengan  analisis deskriptif, dimana pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka. Penentuan responden menggunakan metode purposive sampling, responden terdiri dari nelayan dan instansi pengelola. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  instansi yang  mengelola  perikanan tangkap adalah Unit  Pelaksana  Teknis   Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Karimunjawa, Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Dinas Perikanan, Polisi Air   dan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut dan Satuan Kerja Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan   Perikanan. Pembagian peran masing- masing instansi pengelola sudah sesuai dengan bidang masing-masing  serta tidak terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan. Sinkronisasi dan koordinasi sudah dilakukan, hal ini terbukti   dengan  adanya  Nota  Kesepakatan Bersama. Sebanyak 80% nelayan setuju dengan peraturan yang diterapkan. Partisipasi nelayan terhadap sosialisasi dan pelatihan rendah yaitu 35% dan 19%. Strategi pengelola dalam pengawasan perikanan tangkap adalah dengan membentuk dan memberdayakan Pengawas   Perikanan  dan  Kelompok  Masyarakat  Pengawas  secara  sinergi. Strategi untuk  meningkatkan partisipasi  nelayan  dalam  sosialisasi  dan  pelatihan  adalah  dengan  memberikan penyadaran  motivasi dan  apresiasi berupa penghargaan dan pendampingan. ABSTRACTCapture   fisheries   in Karimunjawa National   Park   are   managed by   more   than one   management institutions.  Each  institution  is  assumed  to  have  their  respective  roles  according  to  their  basic  tasks  andfunctions. It is not yet known exactly what institutions are managing along with their roles. The purposes of  this study  were to know what institutions  were involved  in the management of capture fisheries in TNKJ  areas, perceptions, aspirations and participation of fishermen on the management of capture fisheries and  how the management strategy in the supervision of capture fisheries. This research method was case study with descriptive analysis, where data collected by interview and literature study. Determination of  respondents used purposive sampling method, respondents consist of fishermen and manager institution. The results showed that the institutions that managed capture fisheries were Technical Implementation Unit  Karimunjawa Fishery Port, Karimunjawa National Park Office, Fisheries Official, Water Police and Indonesian National Army – Navy and Work Unit of Supervision of Marine and Fisheries Resources. The  division of roles of each institution agency was in accordance with their respective fields and there was no  overlapping authority. Synchronization and coordination had been done, it was proved by the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). As many as 80% of fishermen agree with the regulations applied. The  participations of fishermen on socialization and training were low at 35% and 19%. The management strategies in the supervision of capture fisheries were by establishing and empowering Fisheries Supervisor  and a group of supervisor community (PokMasWas). The strategies to increase the participation of fishermen in socialization and training were by giving awareness of motivation and appreciation in the form  of recognition and assistance.

scholarly journals Integrating Economic Value of Environmental Services and Carbon Stock: A Case Study from Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
N S Lestari ◽  
G K Sari ◽  
Kusmayanti ◽  
W V Ponekke ◽  
F Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Market Approach

Abstract As a conservation area, national parks play essential roles in environmental services provision and have the potential to support the REDD+ program. This study aims to estimate appropriate incentives for national parks based on carbon units by integrating the economic value of environmental services and carbon stock provided by the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (BNWNP) consisted of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo areas. Carbon stock was estimated by establishing sample plots, including five carbon pools. While the economic valuation of environmental services includes biodiversity using the market approach, ecotourism using the zonal travel cost method, and water service using simulation water regulation services method and market approach. The total ecosystem carbon stock in BNWNP is estimated at 73.67 Mton. Meanwhile, the estimation of the economic value of environmental services is about IDR 70.57 trillion. Based on these results, the appropriate carbon values are IDR 683,308 and IDR 1,304,238 per ton carbon for the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Gorontalo and North Sulawesi areas. This result indicates that given its essential environmental services, the incentive for protecting national parks may exceed the carbon value used in result-based payment scheme in REDD+ initiatives that have been implemented.

scholarly journals PERAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA KELAUTAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN YANG BERKEADILAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rachmad Safaat ◽  
Dwi Yono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Coastal Area Management ◽  
The Government

Marine and coastal area management is necessary to be operated comprehensively and sustainable. The existence of indigenous peoples and traditional society has a role in the marine and coastal areas management, but the legislation has not been fully giving more protection in its management. Economic base development, generally often ignore local society wisdom, so that a clean environment is being polluted as a result of that waiver. Development that materialistic value oriented, only the physical build that actually provide benefits to investors and not the community itself. What kind of justice that ideally obtained by indigenous and traditional peoples to achieve justice that bring prosperity? The government has neglected and must fix the policies in the legislation as a foundation for development without neglecting the indigenous people themselves. Equitable development not just physically, but sustainable development to preserve nature by observing local society wisdom that have taken place to the next. The government still considered neglectful for environmental management.

scholarly journals Are corridors good for tigers Panthera tigris but bad for people? An assessment of the Khata corridor in lowland Nepal

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wegge ◽  
Shailendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
The Government

AbstractAs part of a landscape-scale programme for conserving tigers Panthera tigris the Khata corridor was established between Bardia National Park in Nepal and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India in early 2000. We examined its functionality by comparing the status of tigers and prey in the corridor and in the adjacent National Park, using camera trapping, transect sampling and diet analysis of scats. Tiger movement was inferred from the photographs, and tiger–human conflict was assessed by means of questionnaires and interviews. The corridor harboured transient individuals as well as resident, breeding tigers. Tigers with core areas in the corridor were also recorded in the two protected areas, and vice versa. Wild prey was 3–4 times more abundant in the area of the National Park bordering the corridor than in the corridor itself, and domestic livestock constituted 12–15% of the tigers’ food in the corridor. Livestock losses and human fatalities or injuries were relatively low compared to within the buffer zones of the National Parks. Despite such problems and restrictions on grazing and extraction of natural resources, local residents were generally positive towards tigers and the corridor. The successful establishment of the corridor and the positive attitudes of local people were attributable to community development programmes initiated to compensate for the imposed restrictions, financed by the government and national and international organizations. By linking Bardia National Park and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary via the Khata corridor, a protected tiger landscape of c. 3,000 km2 was established in west-central Nepal and northern India.

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