scholarly journals When good attitudes are not enough: understanding intentions to keep yellow-shouldered Amazons as pets on Margarita Island, Venezuela

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ada Sánchez-Mercado ◽  
Oriana Blanco ◽  
Bibiana Sucre ◽  
José Manuel Briceño-Linares ◽  
Carlos Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Explained Variance

Abstract Unsustainable harvesting to supply the demand for pets is the second most significant threat to parrots (Psittacidae). Given that parrot keeping is widespread, in-depth and culturally sensitive research is needed to inform and develop interventions targeted at changing consumer preferences and purchasing behaviours. Parrot keeping is thought to be driven mainly by a desire for companionship (the affection hypothesis). Alternative hypotheses include a deeply ingrained culture of parrot ownership (the tradition hypothesis) or the influence of socio-economic context (the contextual hypothesis). We used the theory of planned behaviour to evaluate the relative importance of behavioural and contextual factors influencing the intention to keep the yellow-shouldered Amazon Amazona barbadensis as a pet. We interviewed 150 owners and non-owners of parrots in two locations in Macanao Peninsula, Margarita Island, Venezuela, where the primary population of this species is located. We found mixed evidence supporting both the affection and contextual hypotheses: intention to keep parrots was higher in non-owners with high education level, strong affective attitudes regarding human–animal relationships, and higher expectations about social norms (41% of explained variance). Our study expands previous research on the illegal parrot trade by taking into account behavioural measures beyond attitudes, highlighting the role of social norms frequently ignored in such research. We discuss how a behaviour change campaign could redirect affective attitudes in the human–parrot relationship, and promote new social norms that support parrot conservation. Future research should consider the inclusion of moral and injunctive norms, and monitoring of intervention effectiveness.

Discretionary Effort and the Performance Domain

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Discretionary Effort ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractThis study had two main aims. (1) To examine the role of discretionary effort (DE) in the multidimensional performance domain consisting of in-role behaviour (IRB) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB); and (2) to assess whether skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE and show variance in common with DE over and above IRB and OCB. A managers/supervisors sample (n = 476) and a sample with both managerial and nonmanagerial employees (n = 424) were employed. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three factor hierarchical model was superior compared to three other models tested, indicating that DE is a separate construct to both IRB and OCB but together with these forms part of the performance domain. Regression analysis showed that both skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE; however, only autonomy explained variance in DE over and above IRB, OCB and skills. Together these results add to the construct validity of DE. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Collective Guilt and Attitudes Toward Recycling: Data From a North Queensland Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Pensini ◽  
Nerina J. Caltabiano
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Relevant Domain

There is overwhelming evidence that environmental concerns currently facing the modern world are, at least partly, due to the unsustainable use of resources in developed countries. In this study, feelings of collective guilt in members of a developed nation, Australia, were investigated as a factor motivating individuals to recycle. Eighty-five participants from North Queensland (24 male, 61 female; aged 17 to 64, M = 24.16, SD = 8.42) completed self-report measures of collective guilt, social desirability, social norms, attitudes toward recycling and percentage of household rubbish recycled. As predicted, those accepting more collective guilt for the actions of their ingroup reported more favourable attitudes toward recycling. However, collective guilt failed to predict actual recycling behaviour. The same was found for social norms in that they predicted attitudes to recycling, but not the amount of rubbish recycled. Attitudes toward recycling were the only successful predictor of the amount of rubbish recycled. This study has demonstrated the role of the emotion of collective guilt and social norms in one environmentally relevant domain. Avenues for future research regarding the implications of collective guilt on ecological behaviour have been discussed.

scholarly journals 'Welcome' Changes? Descriptive and Injunctive Norms in a Wikipedia Sub-Community

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Morgan ◽  
Anna Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Normative Influence ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Online Groups ◽  
Open Collaboration ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Focus Theory

Open online communities rely on social norms for behavior regulation, group cohesion, and sustainability. Research on the role of social norms online has mainly focused on one source of influence at a time, making it difficult to separate different normative influences and understand their interactions. In this study, we use the Focus Theory to examine interactions between several sources of normative influence in a Wikipedia sub-community: local descriptive norms, local injunctive norms, and norms imported from similar sub- communities. We find that exposure to injunctive norms has a stronger effect than descriptive norms, that the likelihood of performing a behavior is higher when both injunctive and descriptive norms are congruent, and that conflicting social norms may negatively impact pro-normative behavior. We contextualize these findings through member interviews, and discuss their implications for both future research on normative influence in online groups and the design of systems that support open collaboration.

scholarly journals Are we comparing apples or squared apples? Proportions of explained variance exaggerate differences between effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Effect Ratio

In this brief note, I wish to bring attention to a problem that has been discussed many times before, but whose implications are still not widely appreciated. As a result, many researchers (present author included) keep making distorted inferences about the relative size and importance of certain effects, by directly comparing the proportions of variance they account for. Using the proportion of explained variance as an index of effect size does not just distort the interpretation of individual effects, but also exaggerates the differences between effects, which may lead to strikingly incorrect judgements of relative importance. Luckily, a meaningful and interpretable “effect ratio” can be easily calculated as the square root of the ratio between proportions of explained variance. In several real-world examples, effect ratios tell a different story than variance components, and might prompt one to rethink the interpretation of certain canonical results (e.g., regarding the role of the shared environment in the development of psychological traits). This simple but consequential point should be understood more widely; with no pretense of originality, I hope that this note will contribute to raise awareness and prevent fallacious interpretations of research findings.

scholarly journals Netizens’ Political Engagement in Malaysia: Impact of Anti Fake News Act 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Rabiah Adawiah Abu Seman ◽  
Nooraneda Mutalip Laidey ◽  
Rizwanah Shouket Ali
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Social Media Tools

The 14th Malaysia General Elections (GE14) in 2018 witnessed a historic victory for the opposition party led by Tun Mahathir Mohamed against the 60 years government holding party; BN coalition. Concurrently, it also witnessed social media tools; WhatsApp and Facebook as the most dominant and effective messaging tools, but also a source of fake and unverified news; followed by blogs and other sources. Prior to the election, the Anti-Fake News Act 2018 had been enforced in April 2018 where any creation, offering, publishing, distribution or dissemination of fake news is a crime. This research explores the effect of Anti-Fake News Act 2018 on netizens' political engagement through Facebook and Whatsapp during the 14th Malaysia General Election 2018 with impulsivity and habitual conduct as moderators. Data has been collected from 556 participants through online survey based on a framework integrating Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Self Control Theory (SCT). Limited studies have tested the integration of TPB and SCT on knowledge about Anti-Fake News Act 2018 and political engagement. The findings of the study explain the influence of knowledge, impulsivity and habitual conduct on political engagement among Malaysian netizens through Facebook and Whatsapp during the GE14. Political engagement intensity has changed consequently after the Anti-Fake News Act 2018’s enforcement due to impulsivity. This study further adds to the literature in the area of online political participation and cyber law; uncovering the role of impulsivity and habitual conduct on netizens’ political engagement, suggesting the basis for future research in this phenomenon.

On Social, Moral, and Linguistic Norms

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-62
Author(s):  
Neil Roughley ◽  
Kurt Bayertz
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Action Guidance ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

This chapter summarises the contributions to the volume The Normative Animal? On the Anthropological Significance of Social, Moral and Linguistic Norms. The contributions are divided into three sections in line with the tripartite division of the types of norms discussed in the volume. The key claims of the individual chapters are presented and set into relation to one another, and a number of issues raised by competition between the claims are highlighted. This prepares the ground for an assessment of the normative animal thesis in the light of the varying accounts both of specific deontic phenomena and of normativity in general. Central issues concern the concepts of social norms and conventions, the relative importance of coordination and cooperation, the nature and role of collective intentionality, the place of norms in evolutionary explanations, and the structure of normative action guidance. Decisive for the normative animal thesis are the questions as to whether moral principles and linguistic rules are correctly characterised as both real and deontic in the same senses in which these characterisations apply to social norms.

scholarly journals Be Yourself: The Relative Importance of Personal and Social Norms for Adolescents’ Self-Presentation on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512110338
Author(s):  
Arne Freya Zillich ◽  
Claudia Riesmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Authentic Self

This article examines the relative importance of personal, descriptive, and injunctive norms for adolescents’ self-presentation on Instagram and analyzes the role of proximal and distal reference groups in norm negotiation. Based on 27 semi-structured interviews with German Instagram users between 14 and 19 years old, we identified four types of adolescents’ self-presentation that differ in terms of norms and referent others: authentic, self-confident, self-staged, and audience-oriented self-presentation. In addition, our study demonstrates that adolescents engage in reflective norm breaches when coping with conflicting self-presentation norms. These results highlight the crucial role of both adolescents themselves and their proximal and distal reference groups for norm negotiation.

A community-based strategy for department stores

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Susan Krug Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Attributes ◽  
Marketing Approach

Purpose Over the years, department stores have dealt with unique challenges, including massive changes in city and then suburban landscapes and shopping patterns, shifts in consumer preferences, and, more recently, electronic commerce. The purpose of this paper is to discuss additional community-oriented marketing approaches for department stores. Design/methodology/approach The approach looks at the role of traditional department stores in communities and their economic impact and uses ideas from a variety of community-based mobile services, including medical, food and library outreach. Findings The findings are that the importance of physical retailers such as department stores to a community deserves further consideration by civic and business leaders and that a variety of services and products have been successfully marketed in communities through additional approaches such as mobile units. Social implications The approaches presented could enhance community development. Originality/value While department stores have held distinctive places in many cities, these enterprises lack the type of regional fan base that advocates actively for other kinds of industries. A community-oriented marketing approach for department stores is discussed, with ideas for future research that could build on these stores’ special brand attributes and on their contributions to the viability of an area.

scholarly journals The Role of Collective Food Identity in Local Food Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Francisco Moreno ◽  
Trey Malone
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Food Identity

Abstract Despite a proliferation of articles focused on consumer willingness-to-pay for locally produced foods, few studies have systemically considered the role of food identity in the price premium of local foods. This article uses primary and secondary data to fill that gap. Using data from 9,329 U.S. households, we identify what foods each state considers a part of their collective food identity. We then compare each state's collective food identity to the actual production within the state. Finally, we utilize a discrete choice experiment (N = 484) focused on a state with one such collective food identity to test whether a consumer's preference for local foods is a function of the collective food identity within the state. Results from the open-ended survey suggest that each state connects with their food production in unique ways and that not all state identities are consistent with actual agricultural production. Results from the discrete choice experiment suggest that consumers are more willing to pay a premium for the local food that is a part of their local food identity than for a similar product that is not a part of their local food identity. Our findings imply that future research on consumer preferences for local food systems should consider the relationship between food culture and geography.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document