The possible role of the frontal and sub-parietal gland systems of the pentastomidReighardia sternae(Diesing, 1864) in the evasion of the host immune response

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riley ◽  
J. L. James ◽  
A. A. Banaja
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Concomitant Immunity ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe frontal and sub-parietal glands of the pentastomidReighardia sternaeelaborate lamellate secretion which is poured on to the cuticle. The entire surface of the cuticle, including the mouth, hook pits and reproductive apertures, is coated with secretion. Electron microscope studies indicate that the glands are continuously active, which implies a turnover of surface membranes. The postulated function of these membranes is to protect certain vital areas of the host–parasite interface, notably the pores of ion-transporting cells, from the host immune response. The available evidence suggests that pentastomids do evoke a strong immune response but since most are long-lived they must circumvent it. We believe the surface membrane system to be instrumental in this. Studies on another pentastomid,Porocephalus crotaliin rats have shown that an immune response stimulated by a primary infection will kill subsequent infections and that the surface membranes are strongly immunogenic. Obvious parallels between this situation and that of schistosome infections in mammals are discussed. An alternative explanation of concomitant immunity is proposed.

scholarly journals Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay byEchinococcus multilocularis: a review

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MEJRI ◽  
A. HEMPHILL ◽  
B. GOTTSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYAs more facts emerge regarding the ways in whichE. multilocularis-derived molecules trigger the host immune response and modulate the host-parasite interplay, it becomes possible to envisage how the parasite can survive and proliferate in its intermediate host, while in other hosts it dies out. Through effects on cells of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response,E. multiloculariscan orchestrate a range of outcomes that are beneficial not only to the parasite, in terms of facilitating its intrahepatic proliferation and maturation, and thus life cycle over all, but also to its intermediate host, in limiting pathology. The present review deals with the role of metacestode surface molecules as well as excretory/secretory (E/S) metabolic products of the parasite in the modulation of the host responses such as to optimize its own survival.

scholarly journals Immunity and its role in periodontal diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Irina Dumitrache ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Common Chronic Disease

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic disease, with a prevalence between 5% and 30% in adult population aged 25-75. In the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, the host immune response has a great importance and in the last years it has been underlined the role of immunomodulatory therapy in the management of periodontal disease. Septilin is a herbal immunomodulatory with clinical efficacy proven in the periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Role of Host Immune Response and Viral Load in the Differential Outcome of Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza Virus Infection in Indian Patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e13099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya A. Arankalle ◽  
Kavita S. Lole ◽  
Ravi P. Arya ◽  
Anuradha S. Tripathy ◽  
Ashwini Y. Ramdasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Differential Outcome ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 2009

Role of DNA repair in host immune response and inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 246-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrícia Lima Fontes ◽  
Daniele Maria Lopes Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Helena Sales de Oliveira ◽  
Rayssa Karla de Medeiros Oliveira ◽  
Tirzah Braz Petta Lajus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Host Immune Response

scholarly journals Review on the Role of Host Immune Response in Protection and Immunopathogenesis during Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Teshager Dubie ◽  
Yasin Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Infected Host ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem worldwide and spreads to human via the bite of sand flies during blood meal. Following its inoculation, the promastigotes are immediately taken up by phagocytic cells and these leishmania-infected host cells produce proinflammatory cytokines that activate other immune cells and these infected host cells produce more cytokines and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species for efficient control of leishmania infection. Many experimental studies showed that resistance to infection with leishmania paraites is associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of CD4+ Th1 response. On the other hand, vulnerability to this parasitic infection is correlated to production of T helper 2 cytokines that facilitate persistence of parasites and disease progression. In addition, some studies have also indicated that CD8+ T cells play a vital role in immune defense through cytokine production and their cytotoxic activity and excessive production of proinflammatory mediators promote amplified recruitment of cells. This could be correlated with excessive inflammatory reaction and ultimately resulted in tissue destruction and development of immunopathogenesis. Thus, there are contradictions regarding the role of immune responses in protection and immunopathogenesis of CL disease. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the role of host immune response in protection and its contribution to disease severity for CL infection. In order to obtain more meaningful data regarding the nature of immune response to leishmania, further in-depth studies focused on immune modulation should be conducted to develop better therapeutic strategies.

8 ROLE OF THE HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ENTERIC PROKARYOTIC VIRUSES IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. S68-S69
Author(s):  
Julia Angkeow ◽  
Daniel Monaco ◽  
Scott Handley ◽  
H.B. Larman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals mSphere of Influence: Role of IRGM1 in Disease Control

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Kumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Sumanta K. Naik works in the tuberculosis field, with a specific interest in the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the paper “IRGM1 links mitochondrial quality control to autoimmunity” by Prashant Rai et al. (Nat Immunol, 22:312–321, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00859-0) impacted his research by revealing new roles for Irgm1 in immune responses.

Unravelling some mysteries of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections: new insights from modelling studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
A Doeschl-Wilson ◽  
I Kyriazakis ◽  
L Galina-Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Insight Into

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic pig disease in most European countries, causing respiratory distress, fever and growth reductions in growing pigs and increased litter mortality in sows. The disease is characterised by exceptionally long-term viral persistence within the host, a weak innate host immune response and delayed adaptive host immune response, and large between animal variation in the immune response (Murtaugh et al., 2004). Although numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies produced valid insight into the fine details of the virus dynamics and its interaction with the host’s immune response, several fundamental questions concerning the role of diverse immune components and host genetics remain unanswered. In this study mathematical models were developed to investigate the role of diverse processes caused by the virus or the immune response on the infection characteristics.

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